Drugs Used To Affect The Nervous System

Front 1

central nervous system medications (7)

Back 1

Analgesics and antagonists.
Anesthetics.
Anti-anxiety and sedative hypnotic drugs.
Anti-seizure or anti-epileptic drugs.
Central nervous system stimulants.
Psychotherapeutic medications.
Parkinson's medications.

Front 2

Which of these drug types do we use in the field?

Back 2

MOST OF THEM!

Front 3

The NS is broken into many parts (2)

Back 3

Central NS.
Peripheral NS.

Front 4

peripheral NS (2)

Back 4

Autonomic NS.
Somatic NS.

Front 5

autonomic NS (2)

Back 5

Sympathetic NS.
Parasympathetic NS.

Front 6

central nervous system

Back 6

All nerves that originate and terminate within the brain and spinal cord.

Front 7

peripheral nervous system

Back 7

All nervous tissue outside of CNS.

Front 8

autonomic nervous system

Back 8

Controls involuntary "automatic" functions.

Front 9

somatic nervous system

Back 9

Controls voluntary "motor" functions.

Front 10

sympathetic nervous system

Back 10

"Fight or flight."

Front 11

parasympathetic nervous system

Back 11

"Feed or breed."

Front 12

primitive brain (archipallium)

Back 12

Self preservation, aggression.

Front 13

intermediate brain (paleopallium), limbic system

Back 13

Emotions.

Front 14

rational brain, neocortex (neopallium)

Back 14

Intellectual tasks.

Front 15

Brain accounts for _% of a person's body weight, and it receives __% of the total resting cardiac output (___mL/min).

Back 15

2, 20, 750

Front 16

Brain is reponsible for?

Back 16

Everything.

Front 17

spinal cord: 2 principle functions

Back 17

Impulse conduction.
Reflex integration.

Front 18

impulse conduction provides?

Back 18

Means of communication through tracts of white matter.

Front 19

Ascending tracts conduct impulses from the __________ _____________________________ to the _____.

Back 19

peripheral sensory receptors of the body, brain

Front 20

Descending tracts conduct motor impulses from the _____ to the _______ and ______.

Back 20

brain, muscles, glands

Front 21

reflex integration

Back 21

Specific nerve pathways enable some movements to be reflexive rather than initiated voluntarily by the brain.

Front 22

T or F: Reflexive movements are confined to just skeletal muscle.

Back 22

F

Front 23

reflex integration involved with (8)

Back 23

heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, digestion, swallowing, coughing, sneezing, vomiting

Front 24

analgesics and antagonists (5)

Back 24

Opioid agonist.
Nonopioid analgesics.
Opioid antagonists.
Adjunct medications.
Opioid agonist-antagonists.

Front 25

opioid agonist

Back 25

Chemicals similar to opium.

Front 26

opioid agonist (2)

Back 26

Morphine.
Meperidine.

Front 27

nonopioid analgesics

Back 27

Affect the production of prostiglandins and cyclooxygenase, both important mediators in the activation of the pain response.

Front 28

nonopioid analgesics (3)

Back 28

Salicylates (ASA).
NSAIDS (Ketoriac).
Para-aminphenol derivates (acetominiphen).

Front 29

opioid antagonists

Back 29

Reverse the effects of opioid drugs (naloxone).

Front 30

adjunct medications

Back 30

Given concurrently to enhance effects.

Front 31

adjunct medications (2)

Back 31

Benzodiazepines.
Antihistamines (Promethazine).

Front 32

benzodiazepines (3)

Back 32

Diazepam.
Lorazepam.
Midazolam.

Front 33

opioid agonist-antagonists

Back 33

Displays both agonist and antagonist properties (nalbuphine).

Front 34

Anesthetics induce a loss of _________/____.

Back 34

sensation, pain

Front 35

Anesthetics tend to cause ___________, ___, and ______________ depression.

Back 35

respiratory, CNS, cardiovascular

Front 36

Anesthetics are given via __________ or _________.

Back 36

inhalation, injection

Front 37

As a class, anesthetics tend to effect ______________.

Back 37

depolarization

Front 38

Anesthetic inhalation agents tend to ________ the ability of an action potential to propagate, thus decreasing _________ (example).

Back 38

decrease, sensation (nitrous oxide)

Front 39

Anesthetic IV meds are usually used to assist __________.

Back 39

intubation

Front 40

Local administration of anesthetics assists with things like ________. Action potential again _________, interfering with the propagation of a signal to the _____ (example).

Back 40

suturing, decreased, brain (lidocaine)

Front 41

anti-anxiety and sedative-hypnotic drugs

Back 41

Decrease anxiety, induce amnesia, and assist sleeping.

Front 42

anti-anxiety and sedative-hypnotic drug classes (2)

Back 42

Benzodiazepines.
Barbiturates.

Front 43

T or F: Alcohol fits under the category of anti-anxiety and sedative-hypnotic drugs.

Back 43

T

Front 44

Anti-anxiety and sedative-hypnotic drugs hyperpolarize the membrane of ___, which _________ response to stimuli.

Back 44

CNS, stimuli

Front 45

____ is the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS so the receptor sites are plentiful.

Back 45

GABA

Front 46

Receptor sites for GABA are located?

Back 46

On proteins that are associated with Cl- channels in the cell membrane.

Front 47

When the GABA receptor sites are stimulated, the Cl- channels open and the inside of the cell becomes ________, thus causing the cell to need a larger stimulus to __________.

Back 47

negative, depolarize

Front 48

Benzos only ________ the effectiveness of GABA while barbs actually _____ GABA.

Back 48

increase, mimic

Front 49

Antagonist for benzos is __________.

Back 49

flumazenil

Front 50

________ are treated through several mechanisms.

Back 50

seizures

Front 51

Most common seizure treatment is to ________ the influx of Na+ and Ca+ through channels in the _______________ (2 examples).

Back 51

decrease, neural membrane (phenytoin, carbamazepine)

Front 52

anti-seizure or anti-epileptic drugs (3)

Back 52

Benzos.
Barbs.
Hydantoins.

Front 53

central nervous system stimulants

Back 53

These drugs increase the release or effectiveness of either excitatory or inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Front 54

central nervous system stimulant classes (3)

Back 54

Amphetamines.
Methylphenidates.
Methylxanthines.

Front 55

Amphetamines also include _______________ and _________________.

Back 55

methamphetamine, dextroamphetamine

Front 56

Amphetamines increase the release of ______ and ________.

Back 56

norepi, dopamine

Front 57

Amphetamine side effects (7)

Back 57

tachycardia, hypertension, dysrhythmias, seizures, insomnia, hallucinations, agitation

Front 58

methylphenidates

Back 58

Most commonly prescribed for ADHD (Ritalin); different chemical from amphetamine but works similarly.

Front 59

methylxanthines (3)

Back 59

caffeine, aminophylline, theophylline

Front 60

mehtylxanthines

Back 60

Possibly block adenosine receptors and inhibit phosphodiesterase (cAMP).

Front 61

Methylxanthines cause _______________.

Back 61

bronchodilation

Front 62

psychotherapeutic medications

Back 62

Treat mental illness.

Front 63

mental illnesses (3)

Back 63

Schizophrenia.
Depression.
Bipolar disorder.

Front 64

Psychotherapeutic medications either increase or decrease the release of the ________ neurotransmitters (3 examples).

Back 64

monamine (norepi, dpoamine, serotonin)

Front 65

antipsychotic medication classes (2)

Back 65

Neuroleptics.
Phenothyanzines and butyrophenones (haloperidol).

Front 66

antipsychotic medications

Back 66

Block dopamine, mucarinic ACh, histamine, and alpha1 in the CNS.

Front 67

Therapeutic actions of antipsychotic medications come from blocking ________ and side effects are caused by the blocking of ___________________.

Back 67

dopamine, the other receptors

Front 68

antipsychotic medication side effects (3)

Back 68

Extrapyramidal symptoms (cholinergic blockade, treat with benadryl).
Orthostatic hypotension (alpha1 blockade, treat with fluids).
Sedation.

Front 69

antidepressants (3)

Back 69

TCAs.
SSRIs.
MAOIs.

Front 70

TCAs

Back 70

Block reuptake of norepi and serotonin; also have cholinergic effects.

Front 71

SSRIs

Back 71

Block reuptake of serotonin.

Front 72

MAOIs

Back 72

Inhibit the breakdown of monoamines.

Front 73

Parkinson's medications

Back 73

Treatment trys to restore the balance of dopamine and ACh in the CNS by increasing the stimulation of dopamine receptors and decreasing the stimulation of ACh receptors.

Front 74

Parkinson's medications (3)

Back 74

Levodopa.
Benztropine.
Benadryl.

Front 75

levodopa

Back 75

Sinemet is a preparation with carbidopa which allows levodopa tp be metabolized within the CNS.

Front 76

benztropine

Back 76

Given as an ACh blocker.

Front 77

benadryl

Back 77

Given for antihistaminic properties.

Front 78

Parkinson's Disease patients have a ______ than normal blood flow to the basal ganglia on the opposite side to the effected limbs.

Back 78

higher

Front 79

L-dopa _______ the blood flow to the basal ganglia but over time can ________ the local metabolic rate.

Back 79

reduces, increase

Front 80

In Parkinson's Disease there is a lack of communication between the _______ and ________ lobes and the _______ and _________ lobes.

Back 80

frontal, parietal, frontal, occipital.

Front 81

In Parkinson's Disease glucose metabolism is _________ generally over the brain by __% compared to a normal person of similar age.

Back 81

decreased, 18