Drugs To Know And Love

Front 1

Guaifenisin (Robitussin)
(Classification)

Back 1

Expectorant

Front 2

Intal
(Classifacation, Therapeutic Effect)

Back 2

Cromolyn Preparation
Prophylactic treatment of asthma attacks and allergies

Front 3

Diphenhydramine
(Classification)

Back 3

Antihistamine

Front 4

Loratadine
(Classification, Pharmacotoxicology)

Back 4

Second Generation Antihistamine
Does not pass BBB readily
Reduces CNS sedation

Front 5

Ipatropium
(Classification)

Back 5

Anticholinergic

Front 6

Guaifenisin (Robitussin)
(Classification)

Back 6

Expectorant

Front 7

Intal
(Classifacation, Therapeutic Effect)

Back 7

Cromolyn Preparation
Prophylactic treatment of asthma attacks and allergies

Front 8

Diphenhydramine
(Classification)

Back 8

Antihistamine

Front 9

Loratadine
(Classification, Pharmacotoxicology)

Back 9

Second Generation Antihistamine
Does not pass BBB readily
Reduces CNS sedation

Front 10

Ipatropium
(Classification)

Back 10

Anticholinergic

Front 11

Zileutron
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 11

Lipooxygenase Inhibitor
Blocks the production of leukotrienes associated with bronchioconstriction from asthma and allergic responses

Front 12

Zafirlukast
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 12

Selective leukotriene receptor antagonist. Blocks bronchioconstriction from asthma and allergic responses

Front 13

Steptomycin
(Classification, Therapeutic Effects)

Back 13

Aminoglycoside
Used to treat systemic, aerobic, gram negative infections (Meningitis, Endocardits, Mult-drug resistant TB)

Front 14

Gentamicin
(Classification, Therapeutic Effects)

Back 14

Aminoglycoside
Used to treat systemic, aerobic, gram negative infections (Meningitis, Endocardits, Mult-drug resistant TB)

Front 15

Sulfamethoxazole
(Classification, Therapeutic Effects)

Back 15

Sulfonamide
Used to treat UTIs

Front 16

Trimethaprim
(Classification, Therapeutic Effects)

Back 16

Sulfonamide
Used to treat UTIs

Front 17

Erythromycin
(Classification, Therapeutic Effects, Pharmacokinetics)

Back 17

Microlide
Used to treat respiratory tract infections, Syphillis, and is used as a substitute for patients with penicillin allergies
95% plasma bound

Front 18

Clindamycin
(Classification, Therapeutic Effects)

Back 18

Lincomycin
Used to treat gram positive respiratory tract and skin infections (Group A streptococci) and is used as a substitute for patients allergic to penicillian

Front 19

Ciprofloxicin
(Classification, Therapeutic Effects)

Back 19

Quinolone
Used to treat STIs (ex. gonorrhea) and respiratory tract infections

Front 20

Isoniazid (INH)
Therapeutic Effects, (Administration)

Back 20

Given to people with positive TB skin test. Vitamin B should also be given to prevent leg numbness and tingling. INH should be taken on an empty stomach due to stomach upset.

Front 21

Rifampin
(Therapeutic Effects, Administration, Pharmacotoxicology)

Back 21

Given with INH and Pyrazinamide for treatment of active TB. Rifampin should be taken on an empty stomach.
Rifampin can cause reddish urine, tears, and saliva. Rifampin is also a CYP inducer that mediates the CYP-linked metabolism of drugs in oral contraceptives, reducing their effectiveness.
All three drugs can cause liver damage, ,so nurses should watch for signs of hepatitis.

Front 22

Gamma-globulin injections
(Mechanism of action, therapeutic effects)

Back 22

Injections of reformed antibodies directed against viral proteins. The antibodies coat virus and prevent its attachment to host cells

Front 23

Hepatitis Vaccine
(Classification)

Back 23

Gamma-globulin injection

Front 24

Amatadine
(Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Effects)

Back 24

Blocks the dissassembly of the influenza A virus RNA following entry into host cells.

Front 25

Azidothymidine (AZT)
(Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Effects, Adminstration)

Back 25

Inhibits reverse transcriptase of retrovirus (HIV). Prevents formation of viral DNA needed to infect host. It is combined with Saquinovir for HIV infections.

Front 26

Saquinovir
(Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Effects, Administration)

Back 26

Protease inhibitor
Used to suppress the final steps in the synthesis of viral proteins that are needed for viral replication and release.
Treatment in combination with AZT used for HIV infections.

Front 27

Interferons (alpha, beta, gamma)
(Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Effects)

Back 27

Interferes with viral assembly and release in viral infected host cells. It enhances immune functions against viral infected cells. Interferons are used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis, genital warts (HPV), and Multiple sclerosis)

Front 28

Antiretrovirals
(Administration, Drug/drug interactions)

Back 28

Double dose if patient misses a dose. Some herbal products should not be used with antiretrovirals: St. Johns wort may decrease blood levels of some anti-HIV medications and Echinacea may stimulate viral replication.

Front 29

Amphotercin B and Nystatin
(Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Effects)

Back 29

Binds to ergosterols in fungal cell membranes, which increases membrane permeability to metabolic enzymes and nutrients and ultimately their loss causes fungal cell death.
Used to treat fungal endocarditis, Menengitis, and fungal infections of the urinary/bladder tract.

Front 30

Micronazole (Monostat)
(Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Effects)

Back 30

Inhibits enzymes needed for synthesis of ergosterols, which results in the formation of defective fungal membranes. This causes loss of nutrients and cell death. Monostat is used to to treat athlete's foot (tinea pedis) and vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Front 31

Griseofulvin
(Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Uses)

Back 31

Inhibits fungal DNA replication and microtubule polymerization needed for mitosis. It becomes tightly bound to the keratin proteins found in skin, hair, and nails.
Used to treat fungal infections of the skin, hair, and nails.

Front 32

Theophylline
(Classification, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Effect)

Back 32

cAMP-Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor
Reduces the metabolism of cAMP, which allows for its accumulation and the induction of smooth muscle relaxation and bronchiodilation

Front 33

Albuterol
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 33

Beta2 adrenergic receptor agonist (quick acting)
Located outside the smooth muscle tissue

Front 34

Salmeterol
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 34

Beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist (long acting - Prophylactic)
Slow onset of action, so can't be used in Emergencies.

Front 35

Dextromethorphan
(Classification, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic Effect)

Back 35

Dextromethorphan is an antiussive. It increases the sensory threshold for airway obstruction that activates the cough center.

Front 36

Codeine
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 36

Codeine is an opioid agonist and antitussive. It binds to the opioid receptor in the cough center and suppresses its activation.

Front 37

Beclomethasone
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 37

Glucocorticoid, Steriod
Cortisol receptor agonist
Used to treat: Asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, immunosupressant

Front 38

Pregnisone
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 38

Glucocorticoid, Steriod
Cortisol receptor agonist
Used to treat: Asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, immunosupressant

Front 39

Dexamethasone
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 39

Glucocorticoid, Steriod
Cortisol receptor agonist
Used to treat: Asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, immunosupressant

Front 40

Cortisone
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 40

Glucocorticoid, Steriod
Cortisol receptor agonist
Used to treat: Asthma, COPD, allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid arthritis, immunosupressant

Front 41

Aspirin
(Classification, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacotoxicology)

Back 41

COX-II Inhibitor
Plasma binding = 50%
Aspirin causes Reye's syndrome in children. This causes acute hepatic encephalopathy, hypoglycemia, development of hepatic renal fatty deposits, and cerebral edema

Front 42

Ibuprofen
(Classification, Mechanism of Action, Pharmacokinetics)

Back 42

NSAID, COX inhibitor
Half life = 7-12 hours

Front 43

Naproxen
(Classification, Mechanism of Action, Pharmacokinetics)

Back 43

NSAID, COX inhibitor
Half life = 7-12 hours
Plasma binding = 95%

Front 44

Indomethacin
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 44

NSAID, COX inhibitor

Front 45

Celecoxib
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 45

NSAID, COX II inhibitor

Front 46

Dipenhydramine
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 46

Antihistamine, H1 histamine receptor antagonist
Treatment of allergies

Front 47

Cyclosporine
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 47

Immunosuppressant
Represses gene that controls the production of Interleukin II during an autoimmune response, therby decreasing the effector B cells, effector cytotoxic cells, and plasma cell Ig production. Cyclosporine decreases cell-mediated and humoral immunity.

Front 48

Interleukin II (IL-2)
(Classification, Mechanism of Action, Pharmacotherapeutics)

Back 48

Immunostimulant
Intensifies an ongoing autoimmune response and increases humoral and cell-mediated immunity by increasing Bcells, Igm, IgG, and IgE.
Interleukin is used to treat immunodeficiency conditions such as AIDs and Chemotherapy/radiation

Front 49

Digoxin
(Classification, Mechanism of Action, Therapeutic effects)

Back 49

Cardiac Glycoside
Induces positive inotropic effects (increases cardiac output)
Digoxin increases renal blood flow, reduces edema, decreases baroreceptor activity, and decreases heartrate

Front 50

Lovastatin
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 50

Antihyperlipidema
Lovastatin is a hepatic 3-hydroxy-3methyl-glutarate coenzyme A reductase (HMG CoA) inhibitor. This inhibits catalyzation of the reaction that produces endogenous cholesterol in the liver. It also suppresses lipoprotein synthesis.

Front 51

Gemfirozil
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 51

Antihyperlipidemia
Inhibits hepatic triglyceride synthesis, suppressing lipoprotein synthesis (VLDLs and LDLs) in the liver.

Front 52

Niacin
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 52

Antihyperlipidemia
Triglyceridelipase inhibitor in adipose tissue that reduces hepatic triglyceride synthesis and lipoprotein synthesis.

Front 53

Cholestyramine
(Classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 53

Antihyperlipidemia
Ion exchange resin that binds to bile salts in the duodenum, resulting in elimination via the feces. Hepatic production of cholesterol is diverted ffom production of lipoproteins to bile salts.

Front 54

Lidocaine
(Classification, Mechanism of Action, Administration)

Back 54

Lidocaine is a sodium channel blocker, that suppresses the formation of action potentials associated with ectopic foci (areas of depolarization).
Used to treat dysrhythmias
Not successful in treating a-fi, because it has little effect on atrial tissue.

Front 55

Fluoxetine
(classification)

Back 55

Selective seritonin reuptake inhibitor

Front 56

Venlafaxine
(Classification)

Back 56

Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Front 57

Clozapine
(Classification)

Back 57

Second generation antipsychotic

Front 58

Tranlycypromine
(Classification)

Back 58

MAO inhibitor

Front 59

Imipramine
(Classification)

Back 59

first generation tricyclic antidepressant

Front 60

Mirtazapine
(classification, Mechanism of Action)

Back 60

Second/Third generation Antidepressant
Presynaptic alpha2 receptor antagonist

Front 61

Lithim
(therapeutic effects, pharmacotoxicology)

Back 61

Used to treat bipolar depression. It can induce hypothyroidiam, weight gain, and can induce nephrogenic diabetes insipidus by blocking the effects of ADH.