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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ptosis
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squinty eyes that animals get when they feel sick or have withdrawl symptoms
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Bio-behavioral Model
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drug dependence is a problem of behavior and biology
Operation Defn of Dependence: exposure long term neurobiological change Predispositional factors |
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volitional drug intake
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a measure of how much the animal wants the drug
self-administered |
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If a drug is self-administered by non-humans is it automatically addictive in humans?
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Not necessarily the rat could just be pressing the lever to alleviate negative withdrawl symptoms...
Self-administration is NOT enough to measure loss of control |
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Priming Manipulations
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drug-prime
stress cue |
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drug prime
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give the animal a little taste of the drug independent from lever
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stress
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induce circumstance of high stress without the lever available and then put the lever back in
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cue
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put them in a situation that was associated with the drug in the past
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3 behaviors tested that are commonly associated with dependence
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difficulty stopping
high motivation to take drug responding in the face of negative consequences |
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High motivation to take drug test
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Progressive Ratio Schedule
everytime the rat tries to get the drug, they have to press the lever more times there is a breaking point where they stop |
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Responding in the face of negative consequences
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took 5 nose pokes to get the cocaine and 2 of the pokes led to shocks
great view of loss of control |
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cannabis sativa
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where mj comes from
grows on every continent except antartica |
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cannabinoids
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active ingredient in mj
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) - the main active chemical |
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maraguanco
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"dream plant"
spanish word where the word marijuana came from |
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Where did rec use originate?
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arab world - possibly 1,000 AD.
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When did it come to Western World
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in 1850's brought back by napoleon's army from Middle East
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1st American Legislation regarded mj
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Virginian settlers were required to grow it from hemp 1761
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2nd Legislation
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concerned drug effects
Mexican revolution brought it back to America for rec use in 1910 |
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harry Anslinger
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the commisioner of Bureau of Narcotics, US Dept. of Treasury (1930)
started fist gov funded propaganda campaign |
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Pulitzer/Hearst
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yellow journalism of propaganda
entire anti-mj campaign was yellow journalism new was racially fueled got the MJ Tax Act passed |
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post-anslinger
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nixon's panel of experts
said that decrim was best path, would take away the mythology/symbolism from counter-culture movement and solve problem |
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Plasma Half-Life
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20-30 hours
THC in adipose tissue slowly leaks out of fat into blood, but there are no subjective effects |
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brain 1/2 life
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3-4 hours
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cB1
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widespread in CNS
some in PNS (mostly in parasymp) metabotropic receptor reduce/inhibit neurotransmitter release quite a few in Hippocampus |
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cB2
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different structure
restricted to immune, PNS, gonads |
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iontropic receptors
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linked to ion channels
requires NO energy fast changes in charge across membrane |
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metabotropic
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some use/release of energy when ligand binds
tends to initiate intracellular signal cascades often affecting transcript/translation longer lasting more widespread effects |
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endogenous Cannabinoids
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retrograde messengers
Arachidonic Acid Derivatives (FA found in neuron membrane phospholipids) when there is too much activity in terminal, AA is converted to either anandamide or 2-AG which slip out of membrane and tell neuron to pump the brakes |
