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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medroxyprogesterone
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depo shot IM 3m bone mineral density loss; not given >2 years good for mental retardation pts
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estrogens
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eninyl estradill DES mestranol bind E Rc hydogondism ovarian failure or metnraul abnormality HRT in post men women; en w/ androgen-dependen tprostte cancer
SE in crisk of cancer bleed in postmen women clear cell adenocariconm (DES) inc ris of thrombi CI ER positive breast cancer hx of DVTs |
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clomiphen
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SERMs partial agonist of E Rc inhypothalmus inc release of LH/FSH stim ovulation; treats infertility and PCOS may cuase hot flashes ovarian enlargment
SE: multple preg and visual dist |
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tamoxifen
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antagonsit on breast tissue treat E Rc positve breast cancer
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raloxifene
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agonist on bone reduces resoption of bone treasts osteopororsiss
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HRT
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prevents osteoportosis inc E dec osteoplasts risk of endmetrial Ca give porgesterone
inc CV risk |
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anastorozole
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aromatase inhib for ost men w/ breast cancer
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exemetane
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aromatase inhib for ost men w/ breast cancer
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mifepristone
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RU486 comp inhib of porgestins at P Rc term preg w/ misoprostol (PGE1) SE heavy bleed GI abodminal pain
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leuprolide
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GnRH agoinst; angtag is cont; tx infertility PCOS prostate cnacer; uterine fibroids
SE: antiandrgen N/V prescribe HRT add backt herapy |
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dinoprostone
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PGE2 cervical dilaiton and uterine contraction inducing labor
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ritodrine
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B2 agonist relax the uterus reduce premature uterine contractions prevent early delivery
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terbulatine
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B2 agonist relax the uterus reduce premature uterine contractions prevent early delivery
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tamsulosin
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no dec BP A1 antagoist treats BPH inhib sm contraction selectiv efor A1a/d Rc on prostate vascular a1b receptors so not change in HTN
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sildenafil
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inhib cGMP phosphodietase inc cGMP sm relaxaiton in corpus caverosum in cBf and penile erection
tx:ED SE: HA flusing dyspnia, blue green clolor vision (little blue pill=color vision); hypotension (nitrates ) "hot and sweaty HA heartburn hypotension |
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finasteride
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inhib conversition of T to DHT 5a reductase; BPH promotes hair gorwth for male pattern bald; female breast growth shrink prostate
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flutamide
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nonsteroidal comp inhib of androgens at T Rc
prostate carcionoma |
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ketoconazole for men/women
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inhib steroids sytnthesis inhib desmolase can treat PCOS rprevent hirsutism gynecomastia and amenorrhea
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spirnoloactone for men/women
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inhib steroid boding treat PCOS prevent hirsutism
SE: gnecomastia and ameorrhea |
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methytestosterone
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agonst at androgen Rc treat hypogondism promote dev of secondary sex charactersitc stim naaboism promove revovery after burn or injury treat ER positive breast cancer (exemastane)
SE: masculinizqtion in femlaes, reduces intratesticular T in males inhib LH release gonadal atorphy prevmmature clouure epiphyseal plate in c LDL and dec HDL inc Ca polycythemia |
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drug types to treat parkinsons
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BALSA bromocriptine, amatadine, levodopa selegiline (COMT inhib) antimuscarinics
don't give MAOAi |
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pramiprexole
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non ergot agonize dopamine Rc peripheral VC
treat parkinson's |
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ropinirone
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non ergot agonize dopamine Rc peripheral VC
treat parkinson's |
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amantadine
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inc dopamine relase (old antiviral)
SE: ataxia inc dopaimin L treats parkinsons |
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L dopa
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converted to dopamine in CNS L dopa can cross BBB
arrhythmias from peripheral conversion long term dyskinesis treats parkinsons akineseia b/n doses |
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carbidopa
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peirpheral decarboxylase inhib w/ L dopa more in the brain an dles SE
tolcapone is similar treats parkinsons |
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selegiline
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MAOB brain metab dopaimnie over NE and 5HT inc availibility of dopaimne give w/ L dopa
SE: may enhace adves effect of L dop treats parkinsons |
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antacapone
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COMT inhib prevent L dopa degradation inc dopamine availability rpevent dopamine breakdown
treats parkinsons |
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tolcapone
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COMT inhib prevent L dopa degradation inc dopamine availability rpevent dopamine breakdown
treats parkinsons |
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benztropine
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antimuscarinic improves tremor and ifigidy little effect on brady kinesia curb excess cholinergic acitivty
treats parkinsons |
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propanolol
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treats essential/familial tremor for parkinson's
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memantine
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alzeimer drug, NMDA Rc antgag prevent ecitotox med by Ca
SE: dizzy confusion hallucinations |
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doneepezil
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AChEi
SE: nausea dizzy insomnia alzeimer drug |
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galantamine
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AChEi
SE: nausea dizzy insomnia alzeimer drug |
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rivastigmine
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AChEi
SE: nausea dizzy insomnia alzeimer drug |
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seizure drugs that block Na channels
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pheytoin carbamazepine, lamotrigine topiramate and valproic acid prevent depolarize
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seizure drugs that stim GABA
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gabapentin topiramate phenobarb, valproic acid benzos
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phenytoin
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DOC for simple complex tonic clonic; class 1B antiarrhythmic
SE: gingival hyperplasia, hirsutims fetal hydantoin syndrome (clef palate) SJS drug induced lupus teratogens inc Na channel inact and refractory peirod inhib glutamate megaloblsatic anemia SE: diplopia sedation nytagmus ataxia, dizzy poss SJS |
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carbamazepine
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DOC simple ocmplex tonic clonic teratogens SJS agrnalocytosis
Na channel inact; 1st line trigem neuralgia SE: diplopia sedation nytagmus ataxia, dizzy poss SJS |
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gabapentin
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simple complex tonic clone
SJS block Na channels 1st line for bipolar heaptotoxic SE: diplopia sedation nytagmus ataxia, dizzy poss SJS |
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topiramate
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simple complex tonic clonic
inact Na channesl GABA kidney stones mental dulling weightloss SE: diplopia sedation nytagmus ataxia, dizzy poss SJS |
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phenobarbitol
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simple complex tonic clonic
SJS GABA 1st line pregnant women children induce P450 inc liver enzyme syn for Crigler Najjar syndrome SE: diplopia sedation nytagmus ataxia, dizzy poss SJS |
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ethosuxiide
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DOC absence siezures SJS
SE: GI fatigue HA urticaria SE: diplopia sedation nytagmus ataxia, dizzy poss SJS |
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benzodiazepines diazepam or lorazepam
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status epilepticus acute poss eclampsia
GABA sedation tolerance dpendence SE: diplopia sedation nytagmus ataxia, dizzy poss SJS |
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tiagabine, vigabratrin levitracetam
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seizure drugs
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Mg sulfate
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DOC ecelampsia
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barbituates
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barbituate
GABAA inc druation of Cl channel opening dec enruon firing (barbiDURAT) sedative for anxiety seizures insomnia SE: depend addictive CNs depression w/ alcohol resp/CV depression can lead to death drug intx induce P450 overdose must manage CI porphyria |
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thiopental
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barbituate; induction of anethesia
GABAA inc druation of Cl channel opening dec enruon firing (barbiDURAT) sedative for anxiety seizures insomnia SE: depend addictive CNs depression w/ alcohol resp/CV depression can lead to death drug intx induce P450 overdose must manage CI porphyria |
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secobarbital
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barbituate
GABAA inc druation of Cl channel opening dec enruon firing (barbiDURAT) sedative for anxiety seizures insomnia SE: depend addictive CNs depression w/ alcohol resp/CV depression can lead to death drug intx induce P450 overdose must manage CI porphyria |
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benzodiazetine
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TOM (thumb short HL highest addictive triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam)
GABAA inc freq of Cl channel opening dec REM sleep long FL and activ emetab treasts anxiety spasticity niht terrors sleepwalking gen anesthetic anemia mm relax hypotnic SE: dependence addictive CN depssion tx: flumazenil |
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diazepam
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status elpipitcus
TOM (thumb short HL highest addictive triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam) GABAA inc freq of Cl channel opening dec REM sleep long FL and activ emetab treasts anxiety spasticity niht terrors sleepwalking gen anesthetic anemia mm relax hypotnic SE: dependence addictive CN depssion tx: flumazenil |
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lorazepam
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status epliepticus
TOM (thumb short HL highest addictive triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam) GABAA inc freq of Cl channel opening dec REM sleep long FL and activ emetab treasts anxiety spasticity niht terrors sleepwalking gen anesthetic anemia mm relax hypotnic SE: dependence addictive CN depssion tx: flumazenil |
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traizolam
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short
TOM (thumb short HL highest addictive triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam) GABAA inc freq of Cl channel opening dec REM sleep long FL and activ emetab treasts anxiety spasticity niht terrors sleepwalking gen anesthetic anemia mm relax hypotnic SE: dependence addictive CN depssion tx: flumazenil |
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temazepam
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insomnia
TOM (thumb short HL highest addictive triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam) GABAA inc freq of Cl channel opening dec REM sleep long FL and activ emetab treasts anxiety spasticity niht terrors sleepwalking gen anesthetic anemia mm relax hypotnic SE: dependence addictive CN depssion tx: flumazenil |
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oxazepam
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short
TOM (thumb short HL highest addictive triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam) GABAA inc freq of Cl channel opening dec REM sleep long FL and activ emetab treasts anxiety spasticity niht terrors sleepwalking gen anesthetic anemia mm relax hypotnic SE: dependence addictive CN depssion tx: flumazenil |
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midazolam
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short used in operations
TOM (thumb short HL highest addictive triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam) GABAA inc freq of Cl channel opening dec REM sleep long FL and activ emetab treasts anxiety spasticity niht terrors sleepwalking gen anesthetic anemia mm relax hypotnic SE: dependence addictive CN depssion tx: flumazenil |
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chlordiazepoxide
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alcohl withdrawal
benzos TOM (thumb short HL highest addictive triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam) GABAA inc freq of Cl channel opening dec REM sleep long FL and activ emetab treasts anxiety spasticity niht terrors sleepwalking gen anesthetic anemia mm relax hypotnic SE: dependence addictive CN depssion tx: flumazenil |
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alprazolam
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very short acting; zanex benzos
TOM (thumb short HL highest addictive triazolam, oxazepam, midazolam) GABAA inc freq of Cl channel opening dec REM sleep long FL and activ emetab treasts anxiety spasticity niht terrors sleepwalking gen anesthetic anemia mm relax hypotnic SE: dependence addictive CN depssion tx: flumazenil |
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sumatriptan
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5HT1b/d agonist VEC inhib trigemical act and vascactive peptide realse HL <2 hrs acute migratine cluster HA
SE: coronary vasopasma CI CAD prinzmetla's angina mild tingline |
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ergotamines
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VC very sim to triptans
bromocirptine is an ergot |
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tetrabenzine
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treats huntington's amine depleting
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haloperidol
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dopamine Rc antagonist treats hunting tons
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reserpine
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treats huntington's amine depleting
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morphine
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treats acute HR fentanyl codine heroin methadone opiod analgestics
opoid treasts diarrea agonsit at opoid Rc mu morphine mod synaptic transmission open K close Ca channels dec tnrasmission inhib Ach Ne 5HT glutamate substance P SE; additoin poss resp deperssion constipation miosis additive |
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dextromethorhan
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cough opiod
opoid treasts diarrea agonsit at opoid Rc mu morphine mod synaptic transmission open K close Ca channels dec tnrasmission inhib Ach Ne 5HT glutamate substance P SE; additoin poss resp deperssion constipation miosis additive |
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loperamide
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opoid treasts diarrea agonsit at opoid Rc mu morphine
mod synaptic transmission open K close Ca channels dec tnrasmission inhib Ach Ne 5HT glutamate substance P SE; additoin poss resp deperssion constipation miosis additive |
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diphenoxylate
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opoid treasts diarrea agonsit at opoid Rc mu morphine
mod synaptic transmission open K close Ca channels dec tnrasmission inhib Ach Ne 5HT glutamate substance P SE; additoin poss resp deperssion constipation miosis additive |
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butorphanol
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partial agonsits at opiod mu Rc agonist at kappa
pain less resp depression than full agonsits migraine labor pain SE: withdrawel if on full opoid agonist |
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tramadol
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weak opoid aognist inhib serotoin and NE reuptake multiple NT
chronic pain SE: dec siezure threshold |
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zolpidem
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non benzo act via BZ1 Rc reversed by flumazenil treats inson=mnia
ataxia HA confusion short duration b/c of rapid metab by liver ; modest day-after psychomotor depression few amnestic effects lower dependence risk than benzos |
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zaleplon
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non benzo act via BZ1 Rc reversed by flumazenil treats inson=mnia
ataxia HA confusion short duration b/c of rapid metab by liver ; modest day-after psychomotor depression few amnestic effects lower dependence risk than benzos |
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eszopliclone
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non benzo act via BZ1 Rc reversed by flumazenil treats inson=mnia
ataxia HA confusion short duration b/c of rapid metab by liver ; modest day-after psychomotor depression few amnestic effects lower dependence risk than benzos |
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dantrolene
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malig hyperthermia AD YR 1 skeletal ranodine Rc inhale anestthetic except N20 succinylcholine
prevents release of Ca |
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tubocrium, atracurium mivacurim pancuriom ecruonium
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histamine release dec BP
competative compete w/ Ach Rc reverse w/ neostigmine edorphonium other cholinesterase inhib neuromuscular blocking drug mm paralysis in surgery or mech venticlation motor nicotinic Rc |
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succinylchoine
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hyper Ca hyperK phase 1 prolonged depol
no antidote block potentiated by cholesterase inhib phase 2 repolarized bu tlbocked neostig neuromuscular blocking drug mm paralysis in surgery or mech venticlation motor nicotinic Rc |
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-caines
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local anestetics esters , procain/cocain tetracainidocain, mepivacain, bupivacain amides block Na channels bind sp recetpors on inner portion of channel act Na channels
penetrate membrae in unchaed form then bind ion chanels as charged infected acidic tissue alkaline anestetics are changed and cannot penetrate membrae effectivity (low pain but my feel pressure); VC dec bleed anesthesia minor surgical proceduar spinal sanestesisa SE: CNS excitation severe CV oxicty arrhythmias |
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halothane
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heaptotocitity; hig lipid solubility so slow induction but high potency
expansion of trapped gas, mycardial dep resp dep nauseea in ccerebral bf dec cerebral met demand poss malig hyperthermia |
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enflurane
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Epileptic
expansion of trapped gas, mycardial dep resp dep nauseea in ccerebral bf dec cerebral met demand poss malig hyperthermia anesthetic |
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isoflurane
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low potency means high MAC low solubiility in lipids
expansion of trapped gas, mycardial dep resp dep nauseea in ccerebral bf dec cerebral met demand poss malig hyperthermia anesthetic |
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sevofuane
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expansion of trapped gas, mycardial dep resp dep nauseea in ccerebral bf dec cerebral met demand poss malig hyperthermia
anesthetic |
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methoxyflurane
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nephrotoxic high potency
low MAC inc solubility in lipids expansion of trapped gas, mycardial dep resp dep nauseea in ccerebral bf dec cerebral met demand poss malig hyperthermia anesthetic |
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N2o
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low potency lfast induction , low solubility in lipids
expansion of trapped gas, mycardial dep resp dep nauseea in ccerebral bf dec cerebral met demand poss malig hyperthermia anesthetic |
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dipehnydramine
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1st gen H1 blocker rev inhib
SE: sedation dec REM antimuscarnic don't give to elderly and demented anti a adnreergic |
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neclizine
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vertigo treatment
1st gen H1 blocker rev inhib SE: sedation dec REM antimuscarnic don't give to elderly and demented anti a adnreergic |
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dime3nhydrinate
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1st gen H1 blocker rev inhib
SE: sedation dec REM antimuscarnic don't give to elderly and demented anti a adnreergic |
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hydroxizine
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allergies sedation urticariea
1st gen H1 blocker rev inhib SE: sedation dec REM antimuscarnic don't give to elderly and demented anti a adnreergic |
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chlorpheiramine
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allergy col motion sickness sleep aid
1st gen H1 blocker rev inhib SE: sedation dec REM antimuscarnic don't give to elderly and demented anti a adnreergic |
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fexofenadine
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allergies less sedation than 1st gen (2nd gen) dec entry to CNS
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desloratidine/loratidine
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allergies less sedation than 1st gen (2nd gen) dec entry to CNS
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cetrizine
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most sedating
allergies less sedation than 1st gen (2nd gen) dec entry to CNS |
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ciproheptadine
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appetite stimulant
allergies less sedation than 1st gen (2nd gen) dec entry to CNS |
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promethazine
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antiemetic
allergies less sedation than 1st gen (2nd gen) dec entry to CNS |
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isoproterenol
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relaxes bronchial sm B2 adverse effect is tach b1
asthma |
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epinephrine
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last resort for allergies
tach |
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albuterol
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B agonist relaxes bronchial sm B2 actue exacerbaction inc cAMP poss tach
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salmeterol
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longer acting agent for porphylaxis adverse effects are TREMOR and arrhythmia
B agonist relaxes bronchies sm B2; inc cAMP |
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methyxanthines
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BD inhib pohsphodiesterae dec cAMP hydrolysis usage limited b/c of narrow TI cardiotox neurtox metab by P450 block action sof adenosine
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theophylline
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BD inhib pohsphodiesterae dec cAMP hydrolysis usage limited b/c of narrow TI cardiotox neurtox metab by P450 block action sof adenosine
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aminophylline
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BD inhib pohsphodiesterae dec cAMP hydrolysis usage limited b/c of narrow TI cardiotox neurtox metab by P450 block action sof adenosine
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ipratropium
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muscarinic antag comp block mucarinic Rc preven tBC
COPD or asthma |
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cromyln
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prevent release from mast cells porphylaxis only of asthma
not acute attach rate toxicity safe preg |
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beclomethasone
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inhib syn of virtually cytokines inac NFKB the TF induces production of TNF a 1st line chorni casthma oral thrust use a space
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prednisone
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inhib syn of virtually cytokines inac NFKB the TF induces production of TNF a 1st line chorni casthma oral thrust use a space
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zileutone
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ENZYME anti LT 5 lipoxygenase pathyway inhb conversion aa to LT
asthma |
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zafirlukast
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5y/o allergys LT rc esp good for aspirin iduced asthma allergy prophyaxis
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montelukast
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allergys LT rc esp good for aspirin iduced asthma allergy prophyaxis
1 y/o |
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guaifensin
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expectorant removes excess sputum not suppress cough relfex; dec viscousity by sitm vagus N
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N acetylcystine
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mucolytic loosen mucsou plugs in CF antidote or acetmainophse overdose regen glutathion prevetn IV contrast nephropahty
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bosentan
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treat pulm HTn comp antag endothelin 1 rc dec pulm vascular resstance
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cimetidine
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inhib P450 antiandrogenic prolactin gyncemastia impotence dec libido BBB confusion didzzy Ha PLACENTA
H2 blocker GERD dec H secretion by parietal cells PUD, gastritis mild reflux |
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ranitidne
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dec renal exretion of CR
H2 blocker GERD dec H secretion by parietal cells PUD, gastritis mild reflux |
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famotidine
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H2 blocker GERD dec H secretion by parietal cells
PUD, gastritis mild reflux |
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nizatidine
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DINE (2)
H2 blocker GERD dec H secretion by parietal cells PUD, gastritis mild reflux |
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omeprazole
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no gastrine irrev inhib H/K ATPase in parietal cells
t: PUD erosive esophagits gastritis reflux ZE syndrome PPI |
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lansoprazole
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no gastrine irrev inhib H/K ATPase in parietal cells
t: PUD erosive esophagits gastritis reflux ZE syndrome PPI |
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bismuth sucralfate
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not anacids
bind ulcer base gives a layer w/ HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH in mucous layer inc ucler healing traveler's diarrhea |
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h pylori tripple therpy
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metronidazole amoxicillin tetracycline bismuth PPI
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misoprostol
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PGE1 inc mucous barrier dec aicd prevent NSAID induced PUD maintenanc ePDA induce labor
CI IBD or women childbearing ptoention (abortifactant) |
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pirenzepine
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block M1 receptors on ECL (dec hist secretion) M3 on paretal cells dec H
pUD SE: tach dry mough diff focusing |
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porpantheline
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block M1 receptors on ECL (dec hist secretion) M3 on paretal cells dec H
pUD SE: tach dry mough diff focusing |
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octeotide
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somatostain analog acut evariceal bleeds, acromegaly VIPoma carcinoid tumros
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aluminum hydroxide
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antacid constipation, hypoP prox mm weak osteodystorphy seizrue
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Mg hydroxide
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antacid diarrhea hyporeflexia hypotension cardiac arrest
Must go to bathroom hypoK |
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Ca carbonate
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antacid hyperCa rebound acid inc Ca chelate dec effectveness of other drugs tetracycline all can cause hypoK
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infliximab
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monoclonal antiTNF proinfalmm cytokina crohns RA se resp infection react Tb fever hypotension
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etanercept
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monoclonal antiTNF proinfalmm cytokina crohns RA se resp infection react Tb fever hypotension
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adalimimab
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monoclonal antiTNF proinfalmm cytokina crohns RA se resp infection react Tb fever hypotension
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sulfasalazine
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combo sulfapyridien antibact and 5aminosalicylic acid antiinfalmm active by clonic bact
inhib COX inhib PG LT's UC crohns distal ileum and colon ONLY SE: malise nausea sulfonamide tox rev oligospermia |
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ondansetron
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5HT3 antag powerful central acting antiemetic control vomiting postop and in pts undergoing cancer chemo morning sick SE: HA (VD) constpation
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prokinetic acents
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inc Ach inc 5HT carcionid syndrome dec D2 cholinergic agonists
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metoclopramide
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5HT4 D2
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domperidone
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D2 inhib
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cisapride
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5HT4
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metocloprmaie
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D2 recetpor antag 5HT inc resting tone contractility of LEs tone molity no influence on colon trasport time
daibeteic and post surgery gastroparesis inc parkinsonian effects restlessness dorwsiness fatige depresion nausea diarrhea intx w/ digoxin and diabetics CI in SBO epilepsy |
