Drugs Of Abuse

Front 1

What is the acute treatment for cocaine overdose?

Back 1

- Beta Blockers: for autonomic hyperreactivity
- Nitroglycerine - for angina
- CCB: for HTN
- Ice Baths: for fever
- Acidify urine: to hasten excretion

Front 2

What is the treatment for cocaine overdose after the acute effects are under control?

Back 2

- Antidepressants
- Haloperidol - for psychosis
- Alprazolam - for panic attacks

Front 3

What is the key mechanism of action of cocaine?

Back 3

Inhibition of dopamine reuptake resulting in an increase of dopamine concentration in Nucleus accumbens.

Front 4

What are the acute effects of nicotine?

Back 4

Decreased fibrinolytic activity, increased FFA, Epi/NE release from adrenals, SNS and PNS activity, & ACTH release from pituitary, depolarization of mechano-/noci-/thermo-/baroreceptors and carotid body and other ganglia, also depolarization of chemoreceptors in the area postrema stimulating the emetic centers.

Front 5

What are the positive effects of nicotine?

Back 5

Anxiolysis, cognitive enhancement, cerebrovasodilation, neuroprotection, analgesia, antipsychotic (vigilance)

Front 6

What are the effects of acute intoxication with nicotine?

Back 6

Respiratory arrest due blockade of respiratory centers and NM junctions controlling breathing.

Front 7

What is the mechanism of action of nicotine?

Back 7

Stimulate nicotinic ACh receptors at low doses and blocks nicotinic ACh receptors at high doses (it also stimulates release of DA from the VTA onto the N. accumbens).

Front 8

Inappropriate and usually excessive, self-administration of a drug for non-medical purposes?

Back 8

Drug Abuse

Front 9

Repetitive use of substances that produce optimal state of well-being because of their positive reinforcing effects in CNS?

Back 9

Drug Dependence

Front 10

Motivational component, drug acts as a "positive reinforcer," no tolerance increase?

Back 10

Psychological Dependence

Front 11

Body needs drug for normal function, withdrawal causes negative reinforcement?

Back 11

Physiological Dependence

Front 12

Drug use and seeking behavior maintained by reinforcing central activity despite negative social, psychological, physical consequences?

Back 12

Drug Addiction

Front 13

Same amount of drug insufficient to cause desired effect so more drug is used?

Back 13

Drug Tolerance

Front 14

Same amount of drug insufficient to cause desired effect so more drug is used?

Back 14

Drug Tolerance

Front 15

Same amount of drug insufficient to cause desired effect so more drug is used?

Back 15

Drug Tolerance

Front 17

What drug is responsible for causing the most tolerance?

Back 17

Heroin

Front 18

What drug is responsible for causing the most tolerance?

Back 18

Heroin

Front 19

What drug is responsible for causing the most tolerance?

Back 19

Heroin

Front 20

What drug is responsible for causing the most tolerance?

Back 20

Heroin

Front 21

When a drug is administered to achieve same outcome as another drug?

Back 21

Cross-Dependence (i.e. methadone for heroin)

Front 22

When a drug is administered to achieve same outcome as another drug?

Back 22

Cross-Dependence (i.e. methadone for heroin)

Front 23

When a drug is administered to achieve same outcome as another drug?

Back 23

Cross-Dependence (i.e. methadone for heroin)

Front 24

Become tolerant to drug and requires higher than normal doses of 2nd drug to have its effects?

Back 24

Cross-Tolerance (i.e. barbituates and benzo's, amphetamine and cocaine)

Front 25

When a drug is administered to achieve same outcome as another drug?

Back 25

Cross-Dependence (i.e. methadone for heroin)

Front 26

Become tolerant to drug and requires higher than normal doses of 2nd drug to have its effects?

Back 26

Cross-Tolerance (i.e. barbituates and benzo's, amphetamine and cocaine)

Front 27

Become tolerant to drug and requires higher than normal doses of 2nd drug to have its effects?

Back 27

Cross-Tolerance (i.e. barbituates and benzo's, amphetamine and cocaine)

Front 28

What is the general rule for cross-tolerance and cross-dependence?

Back 28

There is generally cross-tolerance and cross-dependence between drugs of same class but not between drugs in different classes.

Front 29

What is the general rule for cross-tolerance and cross-dependence?

Back 29

There is generally cross-tolerance and cross-dependence between drugs of same class but not between drugs in different classes.

Front 30

What is the general rule for cross-tolerance and cross-dependence?

Back 30

There is generally cross-tolerance and cross-dependence between drugs of same class but not between drugs in different classes.

Front 31

Become tolerant to drug and requires higher than normal doses of 2nd drug to have its effects?

Back 31

Cross-Tolerance (i.e. barbituates and benzo's, amphetamine and cocaine)

Front 32

What is the general rule for cross-tolerance and cross-dependence?

Back 32

There is generally cross-tolerance and cross-dependence between drugs of same class but not between drugs in different classes.

Front 33

What is an example of cross-dependence?

Back 33

A heroin addict taking methadone as a substitute, in order to prevent withdrawal syndrome.

Front 34

What is an example of cross-tolerance?

Back 34

A patient who has developed tolerance to barbituates will also be tolerance to benzodiazepines.

Front 35

What are examples of opiods/narcotics that are used as drugs of abuse?

Back 35

- Morphine
- Heroin
- Hydromorphone
- Oxymorphone
- Codeine
- Meperidine
- Methadone

Front 36

What characterizes the pharmacology of Heroin?

Back 36

Very lipid soluble, short half-life, metabolized to 6-mono-acetyl morphine and subsequently morphine.

Front 37

What are the desirable effects of opiods/narcotics?

Back 37

- Euphoria
- Sedation
- Relief of anxiety
- Analgesia
- Depression of cough reflex

Front 38

What are the subjective effects of opiods/narcotics?

Back 38

- Drowsiness
- Difficulty concentrating
- Apathy
- Decreased Physical activity

Front 39

What are the undersirable effects of opiods/narcotics?

Back 39

- Dysphonia
- Dizziness
- n/v
- Constipation

Front 40

What are the signs/sx of opioid/narcotics overdose?

Back 40

- Respiratory depression
- Circulatory depression
- Miosis
- n/v
- Pulmonary edema
- CNS depression
- Convulsions
- Tissue toxicity (heroin lung)

Front 41

What is the treatment of acute toxicity/overdose with opioids/narcotics?

Back 41

- Naloxone: opiod antagonist used in life-threatening situations, given IV, short half-life
- Methadone: used in detox, causes less euphoria and less severe withdrawal.