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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 drugs of abuse that potentiate the liver P450 metabolism system
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EtOH
opiates cocaine barbiturates |
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which endogenous neurotransmitters is associated with the "reward" system
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dopamine
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triad associated with heroin (opioid) overdose
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come
pinpoint pupils decreased respiration |
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why is methadone used as replacement for heroin addicts
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eases the wide fluctuation in drug concentrations and mood instead of oscillating between high and sickness of withdrawal
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this toxicity is associated with cardiac arrhythmias (Na channel blockade), tachycardia, and cerebral vasoconstriction
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cocaine toxicity
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associated with pupillary dilation and increased BP
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LSD
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associated with tachycardia, dry mouth, jaw clenching, and muscle aches
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MDMA
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Opioid receptor antagonists
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naloxone
naltrexone |
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Used for opioid overdose to reverse or block the effects of opioids
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naloxone
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opioid antagonist used for the treatment of alcoholism
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naltrexone
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slow-acting agonist of opioid receptors
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methadone
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substitution therapy for opioid addicts
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methadone
buprenorphine |
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partial opioid receptor agonist with very long half-life (>40 hours)
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buprenorphine
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ACh-N receptor agonist that is used for smoking cessation
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verenicline
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adverse effects of verenicline
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nausea, vomiting, psychiatric changes, seizures in high doses
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blocks the rewarding effects of nicotine
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verenicline
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modulators of GABA receptors to increase chloride influx
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oxazepam
lorazepam |
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blocks the acute effects of morphine
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buprenorphine
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blocks the withdrawal symptoms such as seizures from alcohol or other sedative-hypnotic drugs
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benzodiazepines
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antagonist at glutamate NMDA receptors
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acamprosate
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use for acamprosate
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treatment of alcoholism
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adverse effects of acamprosate
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arrhythmias, headaches, impotence, hallucinations in elderly
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CB1 (cannabinoid) receptor agonist
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rimonabant
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decreases GABA and glutamate release in CNS
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rimonabant
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used for treatment of obesity
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rimonabant
*also used off-label for smoking cessation |
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adverse effects of rimonabant
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major depression, increased suicide risk
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drugs grouped in the sedative-hypnotic class
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ethanol
barbiturates benzodiazepines |
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withdrawal symptoms associated sedative-hypnotic drugs
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CNS stimulation: anxiety, tremor, delirium, hallucinations, seizures
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drugs used to treat withdrawal symptoms of sedative-hypnotic drugs
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long acting sedative-hypnotic drugs (diazepam) with gradual dose reduction
clonidine or propranolol also suppress sympathetic overactivity |
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withdrawal effects of opioids
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rhinorrhea, sweating, weakness, gooseflesh, nausea, vomiting, hyperpnea
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only give naloxone for opioid overdose, may cause more rapid and more intense symptoms of withdrawal in person using strong opioids that's not overdosing
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**
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acute toxicity from overdosage of caffeine or nicotine
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excessive CNS stimulation: tremor, arrhythmias, insomnia
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associated with depletion of neurons in serotonergic tracts with overuse
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MDMA - ectasy
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is there an antidote for amphetamine/cocaine overdose
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No - supportive measures
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withdrawal effects of amphetamine/cocaine abuse
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severe depression, antidepressant drugs may be indicated
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this street drug is antagonist at the glutamate NMDA receptor and no actions on dopaminergic neurons in the CNS
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phencyclidine
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associated with methemoglobinemia
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inhalation of nitrites
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Withdrawal symptoms are usually opposite those of the effects of the abused drug
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**
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