Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what type of drug is psudoephedrine?
How does it work |
decongesting
Vasoconstrictor |
|
|
what is amphetamine for?
|
original decongestant:
|
|
|
what is PPA, phenyl-propanol-amine used for?
|
Decongestant that's used as diet pill (decrease appetite)
|
|
|
what brand name is phenyl-ephrine for?
why is not as effective as before? |
body metabolize it too fast
|
|
|
what is Chloro-phen-iramine for, its side effect?
any sideeffect? |
The antihistamine used for decongestant, Niquil
makes you sleepy |
|
|
Fever
|
Acetaminophen
|
|
|
what is the drug Dextro-meth-orphan used for?
|
Dry cough medicine
|
|
|
What is Expectorant for and how does it work. What 2 drug does it have it in conflict with?
|
Wet cough medicine
Vaso dilator to make mucous thinner and easy to expel (tend to induce cough). Conflict with pseudoephedrine (vaso constrictor) and dextromethorphan (reduces coughing) |
|
|
Flu:
How many types of H and N? types that are human |
16 Hemaglutinin, 9Neuroaminidase.
H1-5, N1, N2 |
|
|
Normal Flu fatality rates:
|
<0.1%
|
|
|
Protein P53: 2 functions
|
signals cells to stop divide. apoptosis (programed cell death). Mutated in more than half of the cancer cells.
|
|
|
define Oncogenes
|
genes that are more likely to mutate and give cancer.
|
|
|
Polenium 210 and cancer?
|
carcinogen from tobacco
|
|
|
Benzopyrene and cancer?
|
its intermediate binds to DNA. carcinogen from smoking and burned food. (basically anything you burn)
|
|
|
Hydrolase and cancer?
|
converts benzopyrene to non toxic form and removed from body
|
|
|
What protein does virus target in cancer? what type of cancer is most associated with virus?
|
P53
Cervical |
|
|
what does alcohol produce that's carcinogenic?
|
acetaldehyde
|
|
|
Cancer drug mustine, what does it target?
|
from mustard gas, kills white blood cells, used to treat leukemia
|
|
|
cancer drug toxol:
where is it from. what type of cancer does it treat. |
Yew tree (a poison).
targets breast cancer. |
|
|
How is Robert Holton related to cancer?
|
came up with the semisynthesis of Taxol from European Yew.
|
|
|
The dumbluck cancer drug Cisplatin:
what is it made from, and chemical name? |
electricuting bacteria,
Chemical name: peyrone's salt, from platinum. |
|
|
How does Cisplatin work and what cancer does it treat?
|
target fast growing cells by becoming toxic inside cancer cells.
90% treat rate for testicular cancer, used in 40-80% cancer patients. |
|
|
Dioscordes
|
wrote first medicine book: de materia medica
|
|
|
what is the drug quinine used for?
|
Malaria
|
|
|
Define "anedoctal evidence"
|
something worked for me, occured by chance, is now a drug.
|
|
|
What kind of drug is Ephedra and is it related to Herbal remedies, doctrine of signatures, doctrine of philosophy, doctrine of humors?
|
diatary drug that killed people because of lack of control of dose. It is Herbal remedies.
|
|
|
Who developed doctrine of humors?
|
Hippocrates.
|
|
|
What is Jakob Bohme known for, define it?
|
Doctrine of signatures. All diseases and cures are related in some way.
|
|
|
Sir Humphry Davy (humpty dumpty ghosts look happy)
|
founder of Nitrous Oxide, the laughing gas
|
|
|
William Morton the dentist
|
Ether for dental surgury
|
|
|
Joseph lister
|
Phenol for surgery, clean surgery condition, phenol for listerine
|
|
|
Thomas Roddick
|
The person brought antiseptics to Canada
|
|
|
Board of food and drug inspection
|
to ensure correct labeling (only) of patented drugs.
|
|
|
Sulfanilamide from Massengill company
|
The cough syrup that led to the formation of FDA
|
|
|
Thalidomide: before use and current use
|
Sedative, is tetrotogen, is now used for leprosy.
|
|
|
Cost of $ and time to produce a new drug
|
1 billion and 10 years
|
|
|
Drug revenue per year:
Over the counter per year: |
300 billion
25 bill |
|
|
Aspirin and Edward Stone
|
Reverend that used willow to treat fever, doctrine of signatures
|
|
|
Aspirin and Felix Hoffmann:
|
considered as the father of modern medicine. made aspirin by trying to change the molecule, used a biological assay.
|
|
|
What enzyme synthesize prostaglandins from arachadonic acid
|
cyclo-oxygenase or COX
|
|
|
Carl Duisberg
|
father of tylenol
|
|
|
What does AM404 do?
|
it's synthesized from acetaminophen and arachdonic acid, this blocks pain receptor, increase pain threshold.
|
|
|
Connect the arthritis type with treatment:
osteo, rheumatoid arthritis: tylenol, asa |
rheumatoid arthritis is associated with prostaglandins, treat with asa
The other is then treated with tylenol. |
|
|
what's the main component of Midol? what does it treat?
|
acetaminophen, treats menstrual cramps.
|
|
|
What does inhibition of
Cox (cyclooxygenase) 1 Cox 2 lead to? |
Cox 1: stomach acid increase, mucous decrease.
Cox 2: fever, inflammation, pain. |
|
|
What does Vioxx inhibit (COX 1 or COX2)?
what's its side effect? |
Cox 2
increase heart attacks. |
|
|
is vascular headache caused by vasodilation or vasoconstriction?
|
vasodilation.
|
|
|
What should NOT be used to treat vascular headache caused by toxic substances?
why? |
acetaminophen, because of liver induced damage.
|
|
|
is caffeine vasoconstrictor or dilator? why does it cause toxic headache?
|
vasoconstrictor.
It gives rebound vasodilation if caffeine is not taken. |
|
|
Migrane:
in 6% men and ?% women |
18%
|
|
|
list 4 stages of migrane. give 2 symptoms for each.
|
prodrome = mood swing, food craving
aura = hallucinations, flash of light pain=nausia, sensitive to light, sound, smell postdrome=depression/euphoria, tireness |
|
|
What family of drugs treats migraine?
how does it work? |
triptans mimicks serotonin but it's more selective of the receptor. Migraine lacks serotonin levels in specific areas of brain.
|
|
|
What drug initially used to treat migraine, but is replaced? what's its problems
|
Ergatomine from ergot.
It's a vasoconstrictor but it's not selective enough for serotonin receptors. therefore, it creates hallucinations. |
|
|
What condition is phocolemia related? Hint, thalidomide.
|
Baby born without limbs.
|
|
|
What are antitussive medicines for?
1. wet cough 2. dry cough 3. decongestant 4. sleeping pill |
Used for dry cough
|
|
|
angiogenesis and Tumor growth?
|
angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels which is essential for feeding the cancer cells with nutrients.
|
