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68 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the hormone vasopressin (a.k.a ADH) responsible for?
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Vasopressin controls the concentration of body fluids. It is released in response to decreases in blood volume, hypotension, or increases in plasma concentration.
It's release causes the kidney tissues to conserve water. |
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What disease is caused by a deficiency of vasopressin?
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diabetes insipidus
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What is the hormone oxytocin responsible for?
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Induces labor contraction, induces prolactin
Drug therapy - labor induction, stops bleeding post labor |
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What type of drug contains the stem -olone in the name?
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steroids
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What type of drug contains the stem -sone in the name?
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steroids
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What type of drug is Methylprednisolone (Medrol)?
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is a glucocorticoid, a type of steroid
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What does the pituitary gland regulate?
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entire endocrine system and growth
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Where is the pituitary gland located?
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deep within the cranium, at the base of the brain
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What are androgens?
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a group of hormones that influence the growth and development of the male reproductive system
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What type of drug is Oxytocin (Syntocin)?
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a posterior pitiutary, hormonal agent
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What type of drug is Vasopressin (Pitressin)?
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a posterior pitiutary, hormonal agent
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What type of drug is Desmopressin (DDAVP)?
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a posterior pitiutary, hormonal agent
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What type of drug contains the stem -tropin in the name?
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anterior pitiutary, hormonal agents
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What is Diabetes insipidus?
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Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a disease characterized by excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, which cannot be reduced when fluid intake is reduced.
It denotes inability of the kidney to concentrate urine. DI is caused by a deficiency of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, or by an insensitivity of the kidneys to that hormone. |
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What type of drug is Corticotropin (Acthar, ACTH)?
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anterior pitiutary, hormonal agent that stimulates the secretion of cortisone and other hormones by the adrenal cortex
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What type of drug is Cosyntropin (Cortrosyn)?
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a synthetic Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
anterior pitiutary; stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland and boosts the synthesis of corticosteroids, mainly glucocorticoids but also sex steroids (androgens) |
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Thyrotropin (Thropar)
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hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates/regulates the activity of the thyroid gland
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Somatrem (Protropin)
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anterior pituitary, hormonal agent which produces the growth hormone
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Fludrocortisone (Florinef)
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the prototype mineralcorticoid. It is used therapeutically with a glucocorticoid for treating patients with andrenocortical insuffciency (Addison's disease)
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What are Mineralocorticoids?
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a class of steroid hormones characterised by their similarity to aldosterone and their influence on salt and water balance
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What is Addison's disease?
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Addison's disease is a primary adrenal insufficiency that results from the destruction of the adrenal cortex cause by infection or hemorrhage.
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What type of drug is Beclomethasone (QVar, Beconase)?
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Glucocorticoid, adrenocorticoids
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Dexamethasone (Decadron)
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Glucocorticoid, adrenocorticoid
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Flunisolide (Aerobid)
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Glucocorticoid (inhaled), adrenocorticoid
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Hydrocortisone (Cortef)
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Glucocorticoid, adrenocorticoid
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Prednisone
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Glucocorticoid, adrenocorticoid
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Triamcinolone (Aristocort, Azmacort)
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Glucocorticoid, adrenocorticoid
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What are the two types of Corticosteroids?
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Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids
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What are the functions of Glucocorticoids?
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Glucocorticoids such as cortisol control carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and are anti-inflammatory.
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Synthetic glucocorticoids are used to treat?
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arthritis, asthma, hepatitis, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease)
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What is Mitotane (Lysodren)?
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is a medication used in the treatment of adrenal cortex cancer.
(adrenocorticolytic) |
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Aminoglutethimide (Cytadren)
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Steroid hormone antagonist or adrenal steroid hormone inhibitor, acts to inhibit or suppress the adrenal cortex, used in the treatment of breast cancer and Cushing's syndrome (adrenocortical hormone excess).
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What factors increase and decrease aromatase activity?
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Factors known to increase aromatase activity include age, obesity, insulin, gonadotropins, and alcohol. Aromatase activity is decreased by prolactin, AMH, and smoking.
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What are the two types of female sex hormones?
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Estrogens and progesterone
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Estrodiol Valerate (Delestrogen)
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estrogen, female sex hormone
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Ethinyl Estradiol (Estinyl)
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estrogen, female sex hormone
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Mestranol
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estrogen, female sex hormone
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Estropipate (Ogen)
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estrogen, female sex hormone
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Dienestrol (AVC)
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estrogen, female sex hormone
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Megestrol (Megace)
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progesterone, female sex hormone
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Norethindrone (Norlutin)
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progesterone, female sex hormone
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Medroxyprogesterone (Provera)
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progesterone, female sex hormone
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Ethynodiol (Ovulen)
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progesterone, female sex hormone
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Norgesterol (Ovral)
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progesterone, female sex hormone
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Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin)
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Androgenic, male sex hormone
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Methyltestosterone (Oreton)
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Androgenic, male sex hormone
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Testosterone Cypionate (Depo-Testosterone)
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Androgenic, male sex hormone
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Nadrolone Decanoate (Deca-Durabolin)
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Anabolic, male sex hormone
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Stranozolol (Winstrol)
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Anabolic, male sex hormone
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What is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer?
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Androgen deprivation
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What does androgen deprivation do to the prostate cancer?
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Slows disease progression but does not cure cancer
Often progresses after 2 years |
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Antiestrogens work by ______ while aromatase inhibitors _____.
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Blocking receptors for estrogen
Blocking estrogen production |
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Other uses of androgens?
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Anemia in males, AIDS related muscle wasting, Andropause (age related decrease in Testosterone).
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Estrogens in contraceptives
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Ethinyl Estradiol (Estinyl) or Mestranol
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Synthetic androgens
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anabolic steroids
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The three types of sex steroids are:
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Estrogens, androgens, progestagens
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What are the uses of Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin)?
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Althelets use it to increase strength and aggression in the gym or in competitions such as strongman contests, or fighting (like boxing)
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What are the uses of Methyltestosterone (Oreton)?
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treats men with a testosterone deficiency
also used in women to treat breast cancer, breast pain, swelling due to pregnancy. |
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What is Nandrolone decanoate used to treat?
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Nandrolone decanoate is used in the treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women
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What is the prototype drug for the anterior pituitary?
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somatropin
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What types of drugs usually ends in -pressin
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posterior pitiutary hormonal agent
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What is Graves disease?
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an autoimmune disorder that arises from sustained overactivity of the thyroid gland
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The main therapeutic uses of glucocorticoids include:
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anti-inflmmatory agent, immunosuppressive agent, replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency
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The primary glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal gland are:
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cortisone and cortisol (hydrocortisone)
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Synthetic glucorcorticoids include:
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1. Prednisone
2. Methylprednisolone (Medrol) 3. Dexamethasone (Decadron) 4. Beclomethasone |
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Aldosterone
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the most prevalent naturally occurring mineralocorticoid; influences potassium, sodium, and water regulation.
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ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN HORMONE (ACTH)
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Stimulates adrenal gland to produce adrenocorticosteroid hormones (cortisol, aldosterone)
Anterior pituitary |
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THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE
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Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroxine
Drug used to diagnose hypothyroidism |
