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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Constant fever that rises and falls only a few degrees
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Typhoid
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T higher than 103 degrees daily for 2 weeks with no diagnosis
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FUO
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300% increased rate of resistance to penicillin
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Phase 1 anaphylaxis
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Flushing, itching, warm feeling
Hives on face, neck, and chest Catch it during this stage! |
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Phase 2 anaphylaxis
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Generalized body edema
Facial swelling + lips, tongue->upper airway edema choking, stridor, SOB chest pain, tightness severe hypotension-> SHOCK decreased LOC |
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#1 Drug for allergic reactions
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Benadryl 50 mg IM or IV
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Bronchodilator for allergic reaction
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Theophylline or epinephrine
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Stephens Johnson Syndrome
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10% sloughing of skin
Effects PTs under 40yrs Liver can't excrete drug, product builds up, binds and immune system responds 1-14 days after starting drug Triggered by: Dilantin, Tegretol, Bactrim, NSAIDS |
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Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
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>30% sloughing of skin
Affects the elderly Triggered by: Dilantin, Tegretol, Bactrim, NSAIDS 1-3 days after starting drug 40-50% have eye involvement |
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Cillins- effective against
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effective against gram-positive bacteria
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Cillins: Side Effects
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*NEUROTOXICITY- disturbed LOC
-taste alterations THINK: Pen on tongue- sore mouth, dark colored tongue, taste alteration |
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Cillins: Nursing Implications
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*NO MEALS
*Monitor adequate renal function *increased K and Na=antibiotic is not working |
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Cephalosporins- AKA the _____
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Cefs(Cephs)
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Cefs: Side Effects
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*Bleeding tendencies
*Nephrotoxicity |
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All Antibacterial agents cause:
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Diarrhea, GI upset, superinfection possibility, possible allergic reaction
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Do not take Cefs w/
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*alcohol, renal or bleeding disorders, anticoagulants, probenecid(gout)
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Vancomycin: indicated for
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gram positive infections only
serious, drug resistant infections antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis(AAPMC) |
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AAPMC: Causes
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caused by C. difficile
can be promoted by Clindamycin |
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AAPMC: Symptoms
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abdominal pain, gas, bloody diarrhea
wt loss fluid/electrolyte disuptions |
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Vancomycin: Side Effects
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*Red-Man Syndrome
*ototoxicity nephrotoxicity |
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Vancomycin: Contraindications
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renal impairment, other ototoxic agents
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Ototoxic agents
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aminoglycosides, amphotericin B, ASA, lasix
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VRE(Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus)
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due to overuse of antibiotics
Spread via direct contact |
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Zyvox, Synercid: what they treat and SE
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Antibiotics for VRE/MRSA
SE: *Increased LFTs |
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MRSA: Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
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Spread mainly via health care workers
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Cubicin(Daptomycin)
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IV alternative to vanco for MRSA
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Tetracyclines- The Cyclines
Indications |
broad spectrum antibiotics
acne PUD periodontal disease |
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Cyclines: SE
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binds to calcium in developing teeth
Suppresses long bone growth in infants *Hepatotoxicity *Nephrotoxicity Photosensitivity |
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Cyclines: Contraindications
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milk products
PT w/ renal or liver failure pregnant women |
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Macrolides
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ZEB
Zithromax, Biaxin, Erythromycin |
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Macrolides: indications
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broad spectrum antibiotic
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Macrolides: SE
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liver injury, hearing loss
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Macrolides: Contraindications
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theophylline- increases serum levels
antacids |
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Zyvox: indications
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MRSA, VRE
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Zyvox: SE
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myelosuppression, liver injury
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Aminoglycosides: the _______
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mycins!
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Mycins: SE
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ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, peripheral neuritis, optical neuritis
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Mycins: CI
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skeletal muscle relaxants-this intensifies the neuromuscular blockade
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Mycins: main nursing implication besides monitoring lab values
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ADMINISTER SLOWLY
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Drug-sensitive TB drugs:
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isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol
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Multi-drug resistant TB drugs:
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a much larger number of drugs than drug-sensitive TB
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Isoniazid(INH): SE
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peripheral neuropathy(deficient b6), hepatotoxicity
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Isoniazid: NI
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No Meals!
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Rifampin(Rifadin): SE
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hepatotoxicity, discoloration of body fluids(jaundice), GI upset
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All TB drugs: take with or without meals?
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WITHOUT. NO MEALS
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Pyrazinamide: SE
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Hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia!, arthralgias, GI upset
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Ethambutal: SE
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optic neuritis, hyperuricemia, GI upset, confusion
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Optic Neuritis
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noted SE of ethambutal with symptoms of blurred visions, constriction of visual fields, and disturbance of color discrimination(red/green)
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Floxacins!
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broad spectrum antibiotics
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Floxacins: SE
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arthralgia, photosensitivity, crystalluria
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Floxacins: CI
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antacids, iron, zinc, sucralfate, dairy products
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Flagyl: SE
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metallic taste, peripheral neuropathy
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Amphotericin B: DOC for
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Severe pathogenic fungal infections(systemic mycoses)
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Amphotericin B: SE
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infusion reactions(PUSH SLOW), phlebitis, nephrotoxicity, hypokalemia, bone marrow suppression
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Eraxis
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alternative to amphotericin B. Less effect on electrolytes and kidneys
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Conazoles
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inhibit fungal growth
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Conazoles: SE
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Photophobia, liver injury
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Mycelex and Nystatin: ind
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oral candidasis(thrush)
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Cyclovirs
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suppressing synthesis of viral DNA
DOC for herpes simplex viruses |
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Cyclovirs: SE
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phlebitis, renal impairment(GIVE SLOW)
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Tamiflu, Relenza
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Prevention and treatment of FLU: give early! 36 hr or less after symptom onset
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Chloroquines: Indications
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acute malaria
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Chloroquines: SE
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visual disturbances(blurred visions, corneal opacities, retinopathy), pruritis, blood disorders
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Primaquine: Indications
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prevent relapse of malaria
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Primaquine: SE
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hemolysis- dark urine indicates presence of hemoglobin
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TEN/ SJS Drug Triggers
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Dilantin, Tegretol, Fansidar, Bactrim/Septa, NSAIDS
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Antibacterial Drugs
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Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Vancomycin, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Zyvox, Aminoglycosides, Fluoroquinolones, Flagyl
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Antifungal Drugs
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Amphotericin B, Eraxis, Conazoles, Mycelex, Nystatin
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Antiviral Drugs
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Clyclovirs, Tamiflu, Relenza
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Antiprotozoal Drugs
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Chloroquines, Primaquine
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Nephrotoxic Agents
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Mycins, amphotericin B, cephalosporins, Cyclovirs
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Neurotoxic Agents
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Mycins, Cillins
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Peripheral Neuropathy
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Flagyl, Isoniazid, Mycins
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Hepatotoxic Agents
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Zyvox, Synercid, Cyclines, Macrolides, TB drugs, Eraxis, Conazoles
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