Drugs For 1St Bm Pt 1

Front 1

Acetazolamide

Back 1

carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
More HCO3 in urine - osmotic effect

Front 2

Furosemide

Back 2

(think fury - torrential urine!)
loop diuretic - inhibit nkcc cotransporter
...also venodilator effect
...also increase K+ and H+ loss, hypokalaemia and alkalosis.

Front 3

bendroflumethiazide

Back 3

Distal tubule - bind to NaCl cotransporter
K+ and H+ effects

Front 4

why does inc. na+ in the tubule reaching the collecting duct cause Hypokalaemia and alkalosis

Back 4

Washes out more K+ and H+.
Because more Na+ transport into cell, makes luminal negative charge so electrical gradient. also inc volume causes inc flux so greater washout as concentration gradient maintained better.

Front 5

spironolactone

Back 5

Aldosterone antagonist
(can cause hyPERkalaemia!)

Front 6

amiloride

Back 6

Diuretic - acts on distal tubule, collecting ducts
inhibits ENaC
therefore reduced sodium uptake and reduced K+ excretion (via effect on active nak pump
used to treat hypertension and congestive heart failure

Front 7

aldosterone

Back 7

upregulates ENaC and NAKATPase
via MR

Front 8

Mannitol

Back 8

Osmotic diuretic
therefore good for decreasing intraocular/intracranial pressure

Front 9

Suxamethonium

Back 9

Depolarising NMJ blocker (agonist)
Cant be broken down so quickly - as AChE cant - need butrylycholineesterase - people with defficiency - paralysed for like days after it - need respiratory assistance
-muscle relaxant

Front 10

Verapamil

Back 10

Calcium antagonists (block its entry rather than action)
Use dependant block of L-type channel
preferentially acts on heart
antidysrhythmic - because reduced contractility and atrioventricular conductance
other uses - angina (reduces cardiac work) and hypertension

Front 11

Atenolol

Back 11

Selective B1 receptor antagonist
Hypertension and dysrhythmia treatment

Front 12

Sympathomimetics

Back 12

Mime Sympathetic system - adrenaline, etc - agonists, inhibitors of metabolism of drugs

Front 13

propanolol

Back 13

Non selective Beta blocker
treat:angina, hypertension, dysrhythmias
sides:cardiac failure, hypoglycaemia

Front 14

Salbutamol

Back 14

B2 agonist
asthma treatment

Front 15

Dobutamine

Back 15

B1 agonist
treat:cardiogenic shock
unwanted - dysrhythmias

Front 16

Omeprazole

Back 16

Irreversible inhibitor of H+K+ATPase
Inhibits acid secretion by parietal cells of stomach

Front 17

Tubocurarine

Back 17

Blocks NMJs
Competitive antagonist

Front 18

Atropine

Back 18

Non-selective muscarinic antagonist
Causes tachycardia

Front 19

Amiodarone

Back 19

Supresses dysrhythmias
Beta blocker like and K+ channel blocker like mechanisms - increase refractory period via na+ and K+ effects

Front 20

Tetrodotoxin

Back 20

VGSC blocker

Front 21

Vecuronium

Back 21

Competitive antagonist to nicotinic receptors - NMJ
Muscle relaxant

Front 22

Ranitidine

Back 22

Histamine H2 receptor competitive antagonist
Reduce stomach acid secretion

Front 23

Anticholinesterase

Back 23

Neostigmine- used to reverse NMJ block

Front 24

Penicillin

Back 24

Beta lactam antibiotic - works by disrupting synthesis of bacterial cell wall proteiglcans - inhibits crosslinking

Front 25

Order of effect on alpha receptors

Back 25

Iso is worst
Adrenaline better at Alpha 2, NorA alpha 1

Front 26

Magnitude of effects on Beta receptors

Back 26

Isoprenaline most on all,
NorA greater on B1, Adr on B2, =B3

Front 27

Isoprenaline

Back 27

Synthetic agonist of adrenoceptors - better Beta

Front 28

Phentolamine

Back 28

Non-selective alpha agonist

Front 29

Lidocaine

Back 29

Blocks Na+ channels (memb stabilising - partial prevention of APs)
Used as Class Ib antidysrhythmic

Front 30

Adrenaline

Back 30

Adrenoceptor agonist

Front 31

Amphetamines

Back 31

Indirectly acting sympathomimetic drug - enters presynaptic nerve terminals and then NA containing vesicles in exchange for NA, which is therefore released.
Uses -

Front 32

Metabolic pathway of aspirin

Back 32

once absorbed - rapidly degraded by plasma and tissue esterases to acetic acid and salicyclic acid.
This can be excreted or further metabolised by liver (to salicycluric acid)
Amount of salicyclate in urine depends upon loads of factors, lower doses = less percentage (more salicycluric), higher doses=higher proportion

Front 33

ACE inhibitors

Back 33

Captopril - prevent Angiotensin 1 to 2. 2 causes vasoconstriction and increased water reabsorbtion, therefore ACE inhibitors counter these effects, therefore can be used to treat hypertension, and also cardiac failure, as inc venous = inc return = increased Cardiac output.

Front 34

Cardiac failure

Back 34

Diuretics and

Front 35

Hexamethonium

Back 35

Ganglion Blocker

Front 36

Naxolone

Back 36

Opiate antagonist