Drugs Final

Front 1

Caffeine content in tea, soda, coffee, energy drinks, chocolate, and more

Back 1

Tea: between 60 and 107 mg

Soda: 29 mg in a can of coke

Coffee: between 57 and 145 mg

Energy Drinks: ≈80 mg

Chocolate: between 6 and 12 mg per ounce

OTC Products: between 16 and 200 mg

Front 2

Caffeine half life

Back 2

5-6 hours

Front 3

Caffeine effects

Back 3

Good (appropriate amount): alert, better memory, stimulates hair growth, reduce fatty liver, increase semen volume, appetite suppressant

Bad (too much too fast/chronic): anxiety, insomnia, laxative, dependence, increased blood pressure, abnormal heartbeat, rebound fatigue, diuretic

Front 4

How long until caffeine withdrawal

Back 4

12-18 hours after last dose

Front 5

Caffeine and alcohol

Back 5

Can cause death

Front 6

Caffeine

Back 6

A xanthine stimulant found in coffee, tea, chocolate, soft drinks, and several medications.

Front 7

Xanthines

Back 7

A family of CNS stimulant drugs that includes caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine.

Front 8

Theobromine

Back 8

A xanthan stimulant found in chocolate.

Front 9

Theophylline

Back 9

A xanthine stimulant found in small amounts in tea. It is used as an antiasthma medication.

Front 10

Adenosine

Back 10

An inhibitory neurotransmitter that is blocked, or neutralized, by caffeine and other xanthines. The action on adenosine receptors in the body is the basis for the stimulant properties of these drugs.

Front 11

Caffeinism

Back 11

A dangerous state of behavioral and physiological overstimulation from a very large dose of caffeine.

Front 12

Types of depressants and inhalants

Back 12

. Barbiturates

. Benzodiazepines

. Alcohol

. Beta Blockers

. Common commercial products

Front 13

Physiological effects of inhalants

Back 13

Giddiness, euphoria, dizziness, slurred speech, drowsiness, loss of consciousness, double vision, ringing in ears, and hallucinations

Front 14

Uses for benzodiazepines and barbiturates

Back 14

Benzodiazepines: antianxiety

Barbiturates: hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant, and anesthetic

Front 15

Benzodiazepine and barbiturate receptors

Back 15

GABA receptors

Front 16

Acute effects of benzodiazepines

Back 16

Controls anxiety, long half life in the elderly, confusion and loss of memory in the elderly, and increased fall risk in the elderly

Front 17

Chronic effects of benzodiazepines

Back 17

Anxiety, insomnia, restlessness, and agitation

Front 18

How to prevent inhalant abuse

Back 18

. Restrict the sale of model-kit glue to minors

. Have unpleasant volatile chemicals in common inhalants

Front 19

Prescription Drugs

Back 19

Medicinal drugs available to the public only one approved by a medical professional and dispensed by a licensed pharmacist.

Front 20

OTC Drugs

Back 20

Medicinal drugs available to the public without the requirement of a prescription.

Front 21

Dietary Supplements

Back 21

Products distributed with the intention of supplementing the diet, that contain a vitamin, mineral, amino acid, herb or other botanical product, enzyme, organ tissue, metabolites, or any combination of these substances.

Front 22

FDA

Back 22

Food and drug administration, responsible for seeing the standards for safety, effectiveness, and honesty in labeling for the first two categories.

Front 23

GRAS

Back 23

Drug is safe.

Front 24

GRAE

Back 24

Drug is effective.

Front 25

GRAHL

Back 25

Drug is honestly labeled.

Front 26

Analgesic

Back 26

Relieves pain.

Front 27

How long might it take a drug to be approved?

Back 27

Several years

Front 28

How much does it cost to go through the drug development process?

Back 28

Several billion dollars

Front 29

Phase I Trials

Back 29

An experimental drug is administered to healthy volunteers to check for possible side effects and determine patterns of absorption and elimination.

Front 30

Phase II Trials

Back 30

An experimental drug is given to a small population of patients who have the medical condition for which the drug is considered a possible treatment.

Front 31

Phase III Trials

Back 31

An experimental drug is given to a large population of patients, through which issues of safety, effectiveness, and proper dosage levels are finalized.

Front 32

Four types of OTC analgesic drugs

Back 32

Aspirin, Tylenol, Advil, and Alleve

Front 33

Biomedical Model

Back 33

The theoretical position that mental disorders are caused by abnormal biochemical processes in the brain

Front 34

Psychotropic

Back 34

Alternative term for psychiatric

Front 35

Typical Antipsychotics

Back 35

Antagonist at dopamine D2 receptors

Front 36

Atypical Antipsychotics

Back 36

Also work at serotonin receptors

Front 37

Tardive Dyskinesia

Back 37

Side effect of typical antipsychotics with jerky movements

Front 38

Monoamine Oxidase

Back 38

Enzyme that breaks down dopamine, norepinephrine, or serotonin at their respective synapses in the brain

Front 39

Bipolar Disorder

Back 39

Mood disorder in which the patient swings back and forth between feelings of depression and mania.

Front 40

Lithium

Back 40

Treats bipolar disorder.

Front 41

Deinstitutionalization

Back 41

The social policy of encouraging mentally ill people to be treated in community-based programs rather than in large mental hospitals

Front 42

Prevalence of schizophrenia

Back 42

3 million people in the US (1%)

Front 43

Schizophrenic brains

Back 43

Enlarged cerebral ventricles

Front 44

Dopamine Hypothesis

Back 44

Schizophrenia results from excess synaptic dopamine it increased postsynaptic sensitivity to it.

Front 45

1st generation antipsychotics

Back 45

Chlorpromazine (thorazine) and haloperidol (haldol)

Front 46

2nd generation antipsychotics

Back 46

Clozapine (clozaril) and risperidone (risperdal)

Front 47

3rd generation antipsychotics

Back 47

Aripiprazole (abilify)

Front 48

Typical antipsychotic side effects

Back 48

Parkinson's-like symptoms and tardive dyskinesia

Front 49

Atypical antipsychotic side effects

Back 49

Weight gain and metabolic disorder

Front 50

Theories of unipolar depression

Back 50

MAO theory- reduced synaptic activity of norepinephrine and serotonin

Front 51

1st generation antidepressants

Back 51

MAOIs- restricted diet

Tricyclic antidepressants- affect cardiovascular system

Front 52

2nd generation antidepressants

Back 52

Slow serotonin reuptake (SSRIs)- Prozac (fluoxetine)

Front 53

3rd generation antidepressants

Back 53

Slow reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine (SNRIs)- Cymbalta (duloxetine)

Front 54

Primary Prevention

Back 54

A type of intervention in which the goal is to forestall the onset of drug use by an individual who has had little or no previous exposure to drugs

Front 55

Secondary Prevention

Back 55

A type of intervention in which the goal is to reduce the extent of drug use in individuals who have already been exposed to drugs to some degree

Front 56

Tertiary Prevention

Back 56

A type of intervention in which the goal is to prevent relapse in an individual following recovery in a drug-treatment program

Front 57

Evidence-Based

Back 57

Primary and secondary people programs must be evaluated against a control group that did not receive the intervention