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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Side Effects of Maxolon
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- Drowsiness
- Lethargy - Dry mouth - Muscle tremor - Extrapyramidial reactions |
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Side Effects of Stemetil
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- Drowsiness
- Blurred vision - Hypotension - Sinus tachycardia - Extrapyramidial reactions, usually the dystonic type. |
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Pharmacology of Glyceral Trinitrate
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- Venous dilatation promotes venous pooling and reduces venous return to the heart (reduces preload)
- Arterial dilatation reduces systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure (reduces afterload) causing: - reduced myocardial demand - reduced systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure, whilst usually maintaining coronary perfusion pressure - Mild collateral coronary arterial dilatation may improve blood supply to ischaemic areas of myocardium - Mild tachycardia secondary to slight fall in blood pressure - Preterm Labour: Uterine Quiescence in pregnancy |
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Primary Emergency Indications of GTN
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- Chest pain associated with ACS
- Acute left ventricular failure - Hypertension associated with ACS - Autonomic dysreflexia - Preterm labour |
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Contraindications of GTN
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- Known hypersensitivity
- Blood pressure < 110 tablet - Blood pressure < 90 patch - Viagra or Levitra in past 24 hrs or Cialis in 4 days - Heart rate > 150 - Bradycardia < 50 (excluding autonomic dysreflexia) - Ventricular tachycardia - Inferior STEMI with BP < 160 - Right ventricular infarct |
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Precautions of GTN
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- No previous administration
- Elderly patients - Recent acute myocardial infarction - Concurrent use with other tocolytics |
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Side Effects of GTN
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- Tachycardia
- Hypotension - Headache - Skin flushing - Bradycardia |
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Pharmacology of Adrenaline
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A naturally occurring Alpha and Beta-adrenergic stimulant
- Increases pulse rate by increasing S.A. node firing rate (B1) - Increases conduction velocity through the A.v. node (B1) - Increases myocardial contractility (B1) - Increases the irritability of the ventricles (B1) - Causes bronchodilatation (B2) - Causes peripheral vasoconstriction (A) |
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Primary Emergency Indications of Adrenaline
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- Persistent ventricular fibrillation or unconscious pulseless ventricular tachycardia
- Asystole - Electro-mechanical dissociation/PEA - Inadequate perfusion (cardiogenic) - Inadequate perfusion (non cardiogenic - non hypovolaemic) - Anaphylactic reactions - Severe asthma - Unconscious asthma with no recordable BP - Croup or suspected croup - Bradycardia with poor perfusion |
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Contraindications of Adrenaline
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- Hypovolaemic shock without adequate fluid replacement
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Precautions of Adrenaline
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- Elderly patients
- Patients with cardiovascular disease - Patients on monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors - Patients on beta blockers as higher doses may be required |
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Side Effects of Adrenaline
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- Sinus tachycardia
- Supraventricular arrhythmias - Ventricular arrhythmias - Hypertension - Pupillary dilatation - May increase size of myocardial infarction - Feeling of anxiety/palpitations in the conscious patient |
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Pharmacology of Ceftriaxone
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Cephalosporin antibiotic
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Primary Emergency Indication of Ceftriaxone
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- Suspected meningococcal septicaemia
- Severe sepsis |
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Contraindications of Ceftriaxone
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- Allergy to cephalosporin antibiotics
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Precautions of Ceftriaxone
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- Allergy to penicillin antibiotics
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Side Effects of Ceftriaxone
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- Nausea and vomiting
- Skin rash |
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Pharmacology of Midazolam
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Short acting central nervous system depressant
- Anxiolytic - reducing anxiety - Sedative - Anti-convulsant |
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Primary Emergency Indication of Midazolam
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- Continuous/recurrent seizures
- Sedation to maintain intubation - Sedation to enable intubation - Rapid sequence intubation - Sedation to enable synchronized cardioversion - Sedation in the agitated patient - Sedation in psychostimulant overdose - Convulsions associated with lignocaine toxicity |
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Contraindications of Midazolam
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- Known hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines
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Precautions of Midazolam
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- Reduced doses may be required for the elderly, patients with chronic renal failure, congestive cardiac failure or shock
- The CNS depressant effects of benzodiazepines are enhanced in the presence of narcotics and other tranquillizers including alcohol - Can cause sever respiratory depression in patients with COPD - Patients with myasthenia gravis |
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Side Effects of Midazolam
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- Depressed level of consciousness
- Respiratory depression - Loss of airway control - Hypotension |
