Drugs - Cardiovascular Agents

Front 1

What are the bottom chambers of the heart called?

Back 1

the ventricles

Front 2

What are the top chambers of the heart called?

Back 2

the atria

Front 3

What is the SA node and what does it do?

Back 3

it is the fastest generating electrical impulse area of the heart and it sets the pace

Front 4

What do the AV node and the Purkinje Fibers do?

Back 4

they transmit the impulse

Front 5

What type of cardiovascular agent are nitrates, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers examples of?

Back 5

antianginals

Front 6

What are antiarrhythmics used to treat?

Back 6

irregular heart rhythms

Front 7

How do antiarrhythmics work?

Back 7

they regulate the conduction activity of the heart by inhibiting abnormal pacemaker cells or recurring abnormal impulses and restoring a normal rhythm

Front 8

What type of cardiovascular agents include beta blockers and drugs that block sodium channels, potassium ion channels, and calcium channels?

Back 8

antiarrhythmics

Front 9

What does CHF stand for?

Back 9

Congestive Heart Failure

Front 10

When does CHF occur?

Back 10

when the heart is unable to effectively contract and pump out the volume of blood in the left ventricle

Front 11

What is the prototype cardiac glycoside drug?

Back 11

Digoxin (Lanoxin)

Front 12

How does digoxin work?

Back 12

It decreases the conduction of electrical impulses through the AV node, and strengthens the force of cardiac contraction (positive inotropic effect).

By slowing down the conduction in the AV node and increasing its refractory period, digoxin can reduce the ventricular rate. The arrhythmia itself is not affected, but the pumping function of the heart improves owing to improved filling.

Front 13

What is the antidote for Digoxin?

Back 13

Digoxin immune fab (Digibind)

Front 14

What do Class I antiarrthymic drugs do?

Back 14

block sodium channels

Front 15

What do Class II antiarrthmic drugs do?

Back 15

block the beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Front 16

What type of drug is Quinidine?

Back 16

a sodium blocking, antiarrythmic agent (Class 1A)

Front 17

What type of drug is Procainamide (Pronestyl), Procainamide Sustained Release (Procan SR, Pronestyl SR)?

Back 17

a sodium blocking, antiarrythmic agent (Class 1A)

Front 18

What type of drug is Disopyramide (Norpace)?

Back 18

a sodium blocking, antiarrythmic agent (Class 1A)

Front 19

What type of drug is Lidocaine (Xylocaine)?

Back 19

Class 1B, a sodium blocking, antiarrythmic agent (intravenous use only)

-Local anesthetics (topical)
-High therapeutic index

Front 20

What type of drug is Propranolol?

Back 20

a Class II, beta-adrenergic receptor site blocking, antiarrythmic agent.

Front 21

What type of drug is Mexelitine (Mexitil)?

Back 21

a sodium blocking, antiarrythmic agent (similar to Lidocaine; Class 1B)

Front 22

What type of drug is Flecainide (Tambocor)?

Back 22

a sodium blocking, antiarrythmic agent (Class 1C)

Front 23

What type of drug is Amiodarone (Cordarone) and what does it treat?

Back 23

Amiodarone is a Class III antiarrythmic agent used to treat life-threatening ventricular arrythmias and prevent their recurrence.

Front 24

What type of drug is Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)?

Back 24

Class IV antiarrythmic and a calcium channel blocker.

Front 25

What do Class III antiarrythmics do?

Back 25

Class III agents predominantly block the potassium channels.

Front 26

What do Class IV antiarrythmics drugs do?

Back 26

alter the action potential, decrease AV conduction, and prolong repolarization by blocking calcium in cardiac muscle cells.

Front 27

What effects do beta blockers have on the heart and cardiovascular system?

Back 27

they slow heart rate, depress AV conduction, and decrease cardiac output

Front 28

What is CHF?

Back 28

a form of heart failure in which the heart is unable to pump away the blood returning to it fast enough, causing congestion in the veins

Front 29

What are the common causes of CHF?

Back 29

Hypertension and coronary artery disease account for 50%-75% of left ventricular failure.

Front 30

How do I classify a patient's heart failure?

Back 30

CHF is classifed as right or left ventricular failure, with systolic or diastolic dysfunction.

Front 31

What are the CHF medical treatment goals?

Back 31

Reduce cardiac workload, strengthen myocardial contractility (w/ meds; digoxin), eliminate excess fluid (Diuretics & low sodium diet)

Front 32

what drug may interact with quinidine (Quinidex)?

Back 32

Digoxin
-increased digoxin levels and toxicity

Front 33

give an example of
Beta-Adrenergic Blockers

Back 33

propranolol (Inderal)

Front 34

give example of
Calcium channel blockers

Back 34

verapamil (Calan)

Front 35

What are the 3 classes of drugs used in the treatment of Dysrhythmias?

Back 35

A. Sodium channel Blockers: quinidine (Quinidex)
B. Beta-adrenergic blockers: propranolol (Inderal)
C. Calcium channel blockers: verapamil (Calan)

Front 36

Main example of
Sodium channel Blockers

Back 36

quinidine (Quinidex)

Front 37

propranolol (Inderol)

Back 37

Antihypertensive
Adrenergic Inhibiting Agents
Beta Blocker

Front 38

Nitroglycerin (NTG): Nitrostat

Back 38

Antianginal
Vasodilators
Arterial: Nitrate group

Front 39

Isosorbide Dinitrate Tab (Isordil, Sorbitrate)
Isosorbide Mononitrate Tab (Monoket, Ismo)

Back 39

Antianginal - Prophylaxis (Prevention)
Nitrates

Front 40

Nifedipine (Procardia XL)

Back 40

Antianginal
Calcium channel blocker

Front 41

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Back 41

Antianginal
Calcium channel blocker

Front 42

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Back 42

Antianginal
Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agent

Front 43

Nadolol (Corgard)

Back 43

Antianginal
Beta Adrenergic Blocking Agent

Front 44

What is angina?

Back 44

A medical condition in which lack of blood to the heart causes severe chest pains.

Front 45

The normal adult heart range is ____ to _____ bpm.

Back 45

70 to 80 bpm

Front 46

Which four drugs classes are used to treat CHF?

Back 46

ACE inhibitors, diuretics, beta blockers, and cardiac glycosides

Front 47

What does the term "dysrhythmia" mean?

Back 47

abnormal rhythm, synonymous with arrhythmia

Front 48

Changes in the ionic currents through ion channels of the myocardial cell membrane are the main cause of what?

Back 48

cardiac arrhythmia

Front 49

Which ions are involved in allowing arrhythmias to develop?

Back 49

sodium, potassium, and calcium

Front 50

Where can arrythmias occur and what types are related to each loci?

Back 50

Arrythmias can occur in the atria or in the ventricles.

Atrial flutter (rapid atrial beating, slower ventricular beating)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) (fast, irregular rhythm of the atria, without true relaxation of the ventricles)

Front 51

Which drugs and classes are most suited for treatment of arrhythmia in case of emergency?

Back 51

Class Ic agents have the most potent sodium channel blocking effects and are indicated for life-threatening ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or atrial fibrillation.

Class Ic agents include encainide, flecainide, moricizine, and propafenone.

Front 52

Forms/routes of administration for nitroglycerin?

Back 52

Sublingual tablets, transdermal patch, topical ointment, and IV injection in acute care settings.

Front 53

Nitroglycerin Sublingual (Nitrostat)

Back 53

Antianginal - Acute(severe)

Front 54

PHARMACOLOGIC - Angina

Back 54

– Decrease cardiac workload
– Reverse vasospasms
– Does not treat underlying pathology