Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
substances that must be _____ or _____ to be inhaled are not included in the "inhalants" grouping
|
burned or heated
|
|
|
list some inhalants
|
volatile hydrocarbons
solvents anaethetic gases nitrites |
|
|
where are solvents popular?
|
impoverished areas
|
|
|
a young person's first illicit drug use is usually an _____
|
inhalant
|
|
|
in canadians, lifetime use is higher in which sex?
|
male
|
|
|
name anaesthetic gases
|
ether
chloroform nitrus oxide |
|
|
what did ether used to be called in 1275?
|
sweet vitriol
|
|
|
what are the two administrations of ether?
|
inhaled or drink
|
|
|
does ether burn the mouth when drank?
|
yes
|
|
|
ether was historically used for a substitute of ___________
|
alcohol
|
|
|
ether abuse is very ____ today
|
rare
|
|
|
__________ is similar to, but more potent than ether
|
chloroform
|
|
|
what are nitrous oxides other two names?
|
N2O and laughing gas
|
|
|
what effects does N2O produce
|
euphoria, general sense of well being that lasts for a few hours, analgesia, giddiness, dreaminess, ringing in the ears, loss of consciouness for a few seconds, sense of flying
|
|
|
in what products can N2O be commonly found in?
|
whip cream dispensers ("whippets")
|
|
|
what is a common street name for N2O?
|
hippie crack
|
|
|
exposure to high level os N2O can cause what?
|
extensive nerve damage
|
|
|
what is another danger of using N2O?
|
hypoxia- lack of oxygen
|
|
|
opiate ________ block the ffects of nitrous oxide showing that the opiate system is involved
|
antagonists
|
|
|
is the neurochemical basis for N2O reinforcing effects clear?
|
no
|
|
|
does N2O produce state dependant learning?
|
no
|
|
|
what are som examples of abused solvents around the house?
|
hobby glue
paint thinners magic markers fingernail polish upholstery spray windshield deicers hair spray felt markers pan lubricants |
|
|
_____ containing substances seem to have the most abusive potential
|
toluene
|
|
|
gasoline is also abused and causes what two bad things?
|
physical and mental disorders
|
|
|
how are solvent abusers different from other inhalant abusers?
|
antisocial personality disorder is highly correlated with solvent abuse
|
|
|
how is a solvent administered?
|
soak a cloth with the substance then inhale through mouth (huffing) or spray substance into a plastic bag and inhale through mose and mouth (bagging)
|
|
|
what system in the brain does toluene activiate?
|
mesolimbic dopaminergic reward system
|
|
|
abusers of solvents expose themselves up to __ times the maximum allowable limit for industrial use.
|
50
|
|
|
what are solvents effects?
|
quick drunk
euphoria muscle weakness weightlessness ringing ears double vision hallucinations vomitting, confusion, seizures, death |
|
|
many deaths associated with solvent use are due to accidents involving which two side effects?
|
muscle weakness/coordination and confusion/disorientation
|
|
|
does tolerance and phsyical dependance occur with solvent use?
|
no
|
|
|
in which organs do solvents do damage in chronic abusers of solvents?
|
cerebellum, liver, kidneys and other organs and nerve damage
|
|
|
what are the 3 nitirites?
|
amyl, butyl, isobutyl nitrite
|
|
|
what si amyl nitrite used for medically?
|
treatment of angina pain and as an antidote to cyanide poisoning
|
|
|
what is the street name for nitrites?
|
poppers
|
|
|
which muscles do nitrites relax?
|
smooth muscles, specifically the iris of the eye and anal sphincter
|
|
|
what are nitrites effects?
|
euphoria
increase libido penile engorgment delayed ejaculation headache flushing dizziness physical sense of warmth giddiness seeing bright yellow spots with purple radiations |
|
|
how fast are the effects?
|
withing 30 secs get effects and they last 5 mins
|
|
|
how are nitrites administered?
|
inhalation only
|
|
|
is there evidence for tolerance or withdrawal?
|
yes to both
|
