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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DSMIV defines a hallucination as what?
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a sensory perception that has compelling sense of reality but occurs without external stimulation of the relevant sensory organ
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what are some of the more popular terms used to name hallucinogens?
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psychedelics
illusinogens deliriants |
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how many plants are there in the world that contain hallucogens?
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6000
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what are the 4 categories of hallucinogens?
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cholinergic
serotenergic or 5HT methylated amphetamines or noradrenergic other |
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a lot of hallucinogens are actually ________
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poisons
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what is the cholinergic system involved in?
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life sustaining functions and learning and memory
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what is the scientific name for the fly agaric mushroom?
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amanita muscaria
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who used to use amanita muscaria?
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greeks
hindus vikings |
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why did the viking use muschrooms?
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produced agitated raving and feelings of invincibility
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what is the active ingredient in the amanita muscaria?
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ibotenic acidand muscimole and perhaps muscarind
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what did Siberian Tribes used to do with the amanita muscaria
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use it then drink urine of others who used it to keep getting high up to five times
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what are the symptooms of using amanita muscaria?
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good humour
light euphoria feeling of detachment feeling of increased power agitated raving twitching trembling limbs lacrimation salivation sweating, coma, convulsions, death |
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what is Ibogaine?
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yellowish root of a plant in central africa
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is ibogaine a stimulant?
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yes lasting up to 30 hours
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variants of ibogaine can be used in ________ warfare
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chemical
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what is the medical name for deadly nightshade or love apples?
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atropa belladonna
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atropa belladonna is part of which vegetable family?
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tomato/potato family
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whiich alkaloid is isolated from the atropa belladonna?
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atropine
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does use of nightshade usually result in re-use?
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no
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what are three other nick names for the plant called Datura Stramonium?
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jimsonweed
jamestown weed thorn apple |
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who is Jimsonweed generally associated with
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witches
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Datura continues to used to forttify ______ and ______ perparationgs in Far East and India
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marijuana and opium
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datura cigarettes were sold in canada until the ____'s as a treatment for ______
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70's
asthma |
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datura has thorny ___ ____ that produce ___ to ___ seeds each fall
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fruit pods
50-100 |
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what is a moderate dose of datura?
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10-20 seeds
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what was the name of the plant that was used in Shakespeare's Hamlet?
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HENBANE
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what is the scientific name for the Mandrake plant?
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mandragaora officinarum
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what does mandrak mean? and why do they look like?
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means potent male
looks: foot long structure resembles a man |
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what does mandrake produce when ingested?
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hallucinations, delerium at high doses
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what is the prime example of a hallucinogen of the sertotonergic type
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lysergic acid diethylamide or LSD
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what is Lysergic acid diethylamide's tade name?
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Delysid
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when was acid discovered and by who?
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1938 by swiss chemist Albert Hoffman
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where is lysergic acid naturally found?
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on a parasitic fungus found on a variety of grains
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what is the name of the fungus that lysergic acid is obtained from?
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ergot
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what makes a drug a schedule one drug in the US?
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high abuse potential and no medical usage
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how many micrograms of LSD is a dose today?
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50-150 mcg
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describe LSD
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odourless
colourless tasteless readily absorbed in gastroinestinal tract crosses blood brain and placental barrier |
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when do the effects of LSD start? how long can they last? when do they peak?
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start after 60 mins
last 5-12 hrs peak at 90 mins |
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name some effects of LSD
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wave and ryhthmic like movement in objects
object trails synasethesia-one sense in another sens modality dramatic emo swings distortions in time perception ego disintegration-cant tell onself from environment panic attacks flashbacks hallucinogen persisting perception disorder |
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what is a fatal dose of LSD
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14 milligrams
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when can tolerance occur for serotenergic and nonadrenergic hallucinogens?
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3-4 days or daily use
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is there a cross tolerance of hallucinogens?
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yes
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LSD does not have any evidence for _______ or withdrawal
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physical dependance
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what is the less potent natural form of LSD?
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lysergic acid amide found in ergot on infested grains
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what is the potentcy of the lysergic acid amide compared to LSD?
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one tenth as strong as LSD
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