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9 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Symptoms
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*Progressive decline in memory, accompanied from a gradual retreat and frustration with normal activities
* Loss of ability to depict spatial relations *Perceptual difficulties *Sequential tasks |
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Diagnosis
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MRI and PET scans show loss of corticles and enlarged ventricles
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Pathology (Senile Plaques)
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*Senile Plaques - extracellular, exists as a molecular fragment of a large protein found in normal brain
*accumulations of cellular debris surrounding a central core of β-amyloid peptide * |
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Pathology (Tangles)
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*Intracellular
*Bundles of filamex arranged in a helix - derived from normal structures of neurons *Usually formed in large neurons of the brain *Usually linked with abnormal accumulation of protein tau *Tau is normal brain protein, but AD patients have elevated * only occur in parts of the brain that control attention and memory |
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Pathology (Neuronal Cell Loss and changes in morphology)
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*Specific loss of ACh-containing neurons (nucleus basalis)
*Decreased brain weight *Atrophy of the Cortex *Enlarged Ventricles *Neuronal loss in hippocampus and the amygdala |
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Pathology (Loss of ACh neurons)
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AcetylCoA+choline =ACh
catalyzed by acetyl transferase (ChAT) ACh degredation catalyzed by acetyltransferase |
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Pathology (Loss of ACh Neurons)
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ChAT is a marker for ACh containing neurons
AD - Loss of ChAT in Hippocampus and cortex *Memory and cognitive losses due to loss of ACh containing neurons that originate in the NUCLEUS BASIS, and project to the CORTEX and HIPPOCAMPUS |
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Smokers have a lower chance of getting AD
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Nicotine is an agonist at nicotine ACh receptors
Atypical agonists because they stay bound to receptors for a long period of time, therefore preveinting ACh from binding. Some sensitization occurs, increasing number or sensitivity of this class ACh receptor |
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Pharmacological Treatment
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Try to compensate for loss of cholinergic neurons
INHIBIT the DEGRADATION of ACh |
