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76 Cards in this Set
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Allohexal
Allosig Capurate Progout Zyloprim |
Allopurinol 100mg
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Antigout and uricolytic agents
Reduces uric acid formation by inhibiting xanthine oxydase |
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Aratac
Cardinorm Cordarone X Rithmik |
Amiodarone 100mg
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Antiarrhythmic agents
Class III – prolongs duration of action potential Increases coronary blood flow by vasodilation, blocks Na & K channels, reduces cardiac O2 requirements, suppresses ‘ectopic pacemakers’, anti-sympathetic action |
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Endep
Tryptanol |
Amitriptyline 25mg
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Tricyclic antidepressants
Prevent reuptake of noradrenalin and serotonin, marked anticholinergic and sedative effects |
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Norvasc
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Amlodipine 5mg
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Calcium-channel blocker
Impede the influx of Ca ions during depolarisation, causing improvement in the myocardial O2 supply and cardiac output, and a reduction in myocardial work by reducing afterload, inhibit coronary artery spasm, dilate coronary and peripheral arteries and arterioles, negative inotropic effect, reduce heart rate, slow A-V conduction |
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Alphamox
Amohexal Amoxil Aspen Fisamox Cilamox Clamoxyl Ibiamox Maxamox Moxacin |
Amoxycillin 500mg
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Penicillin
Broad-spectrum, acid-stable penicillin that is not penicillinase resistant, more active against some gram-negative bacilli and some Enterobacteriaceae |
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Amoxycillin 875mg + Clauvulanic Acid 125mg
Augmentin Clamohexal Duo prep Clamoxyl preparations Clavulin prep Curam Muric |
Clavulanic acid is a potent inhibitor of betalactamase (penicillinase), and enhances the action of penicillins against previously resistant strains, active against a range of Gram +ve and Gram –ve aerobic organisms
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-given immediately before food or with first mouthful
-tablets are rapidly destroyed by atmospheric moisture -aminoglycosides and penicillins are physically and/or chemically incompatible -SE: urticaria, rash, pruritus, blood disorders, glossitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdo pain... -exclude previous reactions to penicillin or cephalosporin |
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Aspro
Astrix Cardiprin 100 Cartia Disprin prep Ecotrin Solprin Vincent's powders |
Aspirin 100mg/300mg
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NSAID
Analgesic, anti-inflamatory, antipyretic, antiplatelet, uricosuric (in large doses and when urine is alkaline), salicylate |
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Anselol
Atehexal Noten Tenormin Tensig |
Atenolol 50mg
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Beta-Adrenoceptor-Blocking Agents
(“Betablocker”) Blocks β-adrenoceptors (sympathetic NS), thereby reducing the body’s responses to adrenaline, noradrenaline and isoprenaline Reduced cardiac rate and force of contraction, reduced cardiac output and O2 demand, reduced BP, reduced response to stress and exercise |
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Atorvastatin 20mg
Lipitor |
Lipid-regulating agent
Reduces cholesterol in pts with type II hyperlipidaemia and therefore risk of coronary artery disease Reversibly inhibits HMG-CoA-reductase, reducing cholesterol synthesis, and increasing the number of liver LDL receptors, thereby reducing LDL concentration |
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Apoven
Atrovent Ipratrin Ipravent inhalation solution |
Ipratropium 21mcg/dose
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Antiasthma agent –anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) agent
Causes bronchodilation by blocking vagal reflexes, onset of action 3-5mins, peak response at 1.5-2 hours, duration of 4-6 hours – symptom reliever |
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Madopar
Sinemet Levohexal |
Levodopa 100mg
+ benserazide or + carbidopa |
Antiparkinson’s agents
B. inhibits the decarboxylation of levodopa, so that it can cross the blood-brain barrier before conversion to dopamine, increases the efficacy of levodopa given alone |
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Penicillin G
Crystalline penicillin BenPen |
Benzylpenicillin 1.2g
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Antibacterial agent
Active against most Gram+ve organisms (eg streptococci, clostridia), and some Gram –ve (eg gonococci, meningococci) |
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Calcijex
Citrihexal Kosteo Rocaltrol Sitriol |
Calcitriol 0.25mcg
(Vitamin D3) |
Bone- and calcium regulating agent
Active form of vit D3 (cholecalciferol), activated by liver and kidneys, stimulates intestinal Ca transport, reduces significantly elevated parathyroid hormone concentration |
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Calcium Carbonate
Cal-Sup Tablets Caltrate |
Mineral supplement
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Tegretol
Teril |
Carbamazepine 100mg
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Antiepileptic
Stabilises hyperexcited nerve membranes, inhibits repetitive neuronal discharge, reduces propagation of excitatory impulse, anticholinergic, antidiuretic activity, active metabolite also used as an antipsychotic - action thought to be related to its effect on dopamine and noradrenaline |
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Dilatrend
Kredex |
Carvedilol 6.25mg
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Betablocker
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Celebrex
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Celecoxib 100mg
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NSAID
COX-2 inhibitor preventing prostaglandin synthesis |
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Cilex
Ialex Ibilex Keflex Sporahexal |
Cefalexin 500mg
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AB – Cephalosporin
Interferes with cell wall synthesis of bacteria Broad spectrum, often second line treatment MRSA is resistant to it |
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Celepram
Cipramil Talam Talohexal |
Citalopram 20mg
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Antidepressant – SSRI
Most selective of SSRIs Suppresses REM sleep and increases deep slow-wave sleep |
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Clopidogrel 75mg
Iscover Plavix |
Antiplatelet agent
Inhibits platelet aggregation by irreversibly binding to ADP platelet receptors |
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Canesten
Clofeme pessaries Clonea Clotreme Clozole Femizol vaginal cream |
Clotrimazole 1%
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Antifungal agent (an imidazole), broad spectrum, inhibits lipid synthesis in fungal cell membrane, also inhibits fungal growth and interferes with membrane bound enzyme systems
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Colgout
Lengout |
Colchicine 500mcg
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Antigout agent, inhibits leucocyte migration and phagocytosis in gouty joints, so counteracting the inflammatory response to urate crystals, decreases deposition of urate
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Dexmethsone
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate Injection USP Maxidex eye drops |
Dexamethasone 4mg
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Corticosteroid, 25-30 times more potent than hydrocortisone, lacks sodium- and water-retaining properties, depresses inflammatory and allergic response
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Diclohexal
Dinac Fenac Imlac Voltaren, Voltaren Rapid |
Diclofenac 25mg
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Antimigraine agent, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties
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Lanoxin
Sigmaxin |
Digoxin 62.5mcg
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Cardiac glycoside, increases the force of myocardial contraction in the failing heart (positive inotropic action), decreases conductivity of the heart, particularly through the A-V node (negative chronotropic action), increases vagal activity, resulting in slowing of the sinoatrial nodal rate, increases myocardial excitability (high doses)
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Cardizem
Coras Diltahexal Dilzem Vasocardol |
Diltiazem 180mg/240mg
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Calcium-channel blocker, antianginal agent, inhibits influx of calcium ions (calcium antagonist), potent dilator of coronary arteries, increases exercise tolerance by decreasing myocardial oxygen demand via a decrease in both heart rate and systemic heart pressure
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Persantin
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Dipyridamole 200mg
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Antiplatelet agent with vasodilator activity, inhibits thromboxane A2 formation, increases platelet cAMP and inhibits RBC uptake of adenosin (platelet aggregation inhibitor), often given in conjunction with warfarin or aspirin
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Waxsol
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Docusate sodium
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Wax softener
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Motilium
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Domperidone 10mg
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Antiemetic agent, prokinetic agent, dopamine antagonist that seldom causes extrapyramidal reactions because it does not cross the blood brain barrier, antiemetic action thought to be caused by peripheral effects as well as antagonism of central dopamine receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
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Alphapril
Amprace Auspril Enahexal Enalabell |
Enalapril 10mg
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ACE inhibitor, prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE, resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistance and decreased Aldosterone production from the adrenal cortex (aldosterone is responsible for sodium and fluid retention)
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Clexane
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Enoxaparin 20mg/0.2ml
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low-molecular weight heparin, antithrombotic agent without significant changes to PT, APTT or platelet aggregation
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Ostelin
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Ergocalciferol25mcg
(Calciferol, Vitamin D2) |
Vitamin D supplement, fat-soluble sterol compounds involved in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis and bone mineralisation, enhances Ca absorption from the small intestine
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Felodur ER
Plendil ER |
Felodipine 5mg
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Calcium-channel blocker, calcium antagonist, impedes influx of Ca ions during depolarisation of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle, causing improvement in the myocardial O2 supply and cardiac output, and a reduction in myocardial work by reducing afterload
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Ferro-Gradumet
Ferro liquid Ferrograd C |
Ferrous Sulfate 325mg
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Iron supplement
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Aspen Flucil
Flopen Floxapen Floxsig Flubiclox |
Flucloxacillin 500mg
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AB, acid stable and penicillinase resistant, narrow-spectrum AB active against Streptococcus pyogenes or S. pneumoniae, and beta-lactamase producing and penicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, not active against Gram-negative bacilli, Streptococcus facalis or MRSA
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Blackmores For Women Folic Acid
Megafol |
Folic Acid 5mg
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water-soluble Vit B, required for maturation of RBC and necessary for DNA synthesis and mitosis and hence growth
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Frusid
Lasix Uremide Urex |
Frusemide 40mg
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High-ceiling (loop) diuretic, effective within 1 hour (oral), peak 1-2 hours, duration 6-8 hours, IM: effective within 10-15 mins, 5 mins (IV), peak 30 mins, duration 2 hours (IV,IM)
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Genoptic
Septopal |
Gentamicin 80mg/2ml
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AB (Aminoglycoside), active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter and Serratia spp., and Staphylococcus spp., first-line treatment for Gram -ve sepsis
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Daonil
Glimel |
Glibenclamide 5mg
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Antidiabetic agent (sulfonylureas), stimulates insulin release from functioning pancreatic cells, improves sensitivity of beta cells of the pancreas to glucose stimulus, leading to insulin secretion, enhances peripheral sensitivity to insulin, reduces basal glucose production by the liver
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Diamicron
Glyade Mellihexal Nidem |
Gliclazide 30mg/80mg
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Antidiabetic agent (sulfonylurea), stimulates insulin release from functioning pancreatic cells, improves sensitivity of pancreatic cells to glcose stimulus, leading to insulin secretion, enhances peripheral sensitivity to insulin, reduces basal glucose production by the liver
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Melizide
Minidiab |
Glipizide 5mg
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Antidiabetic agent (sulfonylurea)
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Anginine
Lycinate - tablets Nitrolingual Pump Spray Minitran Nitro-Dur Transiderm-Nitro - pads |
Glyceryl Trinitrate 600mcg
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Antianginal agent, relaxes smooth muscle, including vascular muscle, causing vasodilation, reduces myocardial O2 demand by reducing pre- and afterload, may relieve variant angina by relaxing coronary arteries that are in spasm, effective in 2-3 mins, duration 30 mins
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Haldol Decanoate
Serenace preparations |
Haloperidol 0.5mg
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Antipsychotic, butyrophenone, some anticholinergic actions, inhibits central action of dopamine (D2) and noradrenaline, antiemetic
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Calcihep
Calciparine Uniparin Heparinised Saline |
Heparin 1,000 units/ml
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direct anticoagulant that potentiates the naturally occuring inhibitors of coagulation, antifactor Xa and antithrombin III, which then slows conversion of prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin
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Buscopan
Hyoscine Injection BP Kwells, Setacol, Travacalm HO |
Hyoscine
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Anticholinergic agent, belladonna alkaloid chemically related to atropine sulfate, more potent effects than atropine on the iris, ciliary body and some secretory glands, less potent effects than atropine on the heart, intestine and bronchial muscle, reduces production of sweat, saliva, lacrimal, nasal, bronchial, gastric and intestinal secretions, reduces GI tone and gastric acid production, increases heart rate by blocking vagal stimulus, raises intraocular pressure, inhibits micturition
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Avapro
Karvea |
Irbesartan 150mg
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Antihypertensive, angiotensin-II-receptor antagonist, antagonises angiotensin II receptors on vascular smooth muscle and adrenal cortex (angiotensin II is responsible for vasoconstriction, stimulation of aldosterone, regulation of salt and water homeostasis and cell growth stimulation
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Arsorb
Duride SR Imdur Durules Imtrate SR Isomonit Isordil Monodur Sorbidin |
Isosorbide Mononitrate 60mg
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Antianginal agent, nitrate, isosorbide mononitrate is an active metabolite of isosorbide dinitrate, relaxes vascular smooth muscle, reduces myocardial O2 demand, reduces afterload and BP,
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Actilax
Duphalac Genlac Lac-Dol Lactocur |
Lactulose
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laxative, administered orally as 50% w/w syrup, broken down in the colon by bacteria to acetic and lactic acids, which reduce the pH to 5.0, causing ammonia to be trapped as ammonium so that less ammonia is absorbed into the blood, acids stimulate peristalsis and exert local osmotic effect in the colon, both a bulk forming and irritant laxative
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Fibsol
Liprace Lisinobell Prinivil Zestril |
Lisinopril 10mg
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Antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor, prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II by inhibiting ACE, resulting in reduced peripheral vascular resistence and decreased aldosterone production from the adrenal cortex, reduces pre- and afterload in congestive heart failure
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MagMin
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Magnesium Aspartate 500mg
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Mineral supplement, Mg essential for more than 300 enzyme processes, glycolysis, protein and nucleic acid synthesis, neurochemical transmission, anticonvulsant effect, role in Ca homeostasis and bone mineralisation
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Metoclopramide Injection
Maxolon Pramin |
Metoclopramide 10mg
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Antiemetic, prokinetic agent, stimulates the motility of the upper gastrointestinal tract without affecting gastric, biliary, or pancreatic secretions, increases rate of gastric emtying by enhancing peristalsis, thereby decreasing intestinal transit time, prevents vomiting caused by central emetics by antagonising dopamine-receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone, reduces intensity of impulses to the vomiting centre caused by local emetics in the pylorus and duodenum, reduces gastro-oesophageal reflux, increases prolactin secretion
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Betaloc
Lopresor Metohexal Metrol Minax Toprol-XL |
Metoprolol 50mg
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Antihypertensive, beta-blocker
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Flagyl
Metrogyl Motronide Rozex |
Metronidazole 400mg
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Antiprotozoal agent, effective against a wide range of anaerobic species (bacteriocidal, amoebicidal, trichomonicidal), disrupts DNA and inhibits synthesis of nucleic acids
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Movicol 13.8g oral powder sachets
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Macrogol 3350/Potassium chloride/Sodium bicarbonate/Sodium chloride
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laxative, used for constipation, faecal impaction
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Zyprexa
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Olanzapine 2.5mg
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Antipsychotic, dopamine antagonist, also shows affinity for cholinergic, serotonergic, histaminic and alpha-adrenergic receptors, increases prolactin concentration
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Acimax
Losec Meprazol Prohibitor |
Omeprazole 20mg
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Antiulcer agent, proton-pump inhibitor
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8
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Oxybutynin 5mg
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Somac
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Pantoprazole 40mg
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Antiulcer agent, proton-pump inhibitor, reduces gastric acid secretion by inhibiting the enzyme H+-K+-ATPase (the proton pump) in the parietal cells, converted to active form by high concentration of acid
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Paracetamol 500mg
Panadol Dymadon Lemsip Max Panamax Parahexal Paralgin |
Analgesic, antipyretic but has no useful anti-inflammatory properties, half-life 1 - 3 hours, suitable alternative in aspirin allergy, dyspepsia or peptic ulceration
use: headache, muscle ache, arthritis, toothache, cold and flu symptoms |
- hepatic necrosis if 10-15g or more taken
- toxicity increased if used together with alcohol or antiepileptic drugs -caution if used in those with renal or hepatic dysfunction |
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Coversyl
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Perindopril 2mg
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Antihypertensive, ACE inhibitor
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Phenytoin Injection BP
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Phenytoin 100mg
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Antiarrhythmic agent, class 1b - shorten action potential duration (and usually repolarisation), used for ventricular arrhythmias after myocardial infarction, has positive inotropic effect and enhances A-V conduction, decreases automaticity
Antiepileptic |
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Potassium Chloride 600mg
Chlorvescent Duro-K KSR Potassium Chloride Concentrated Injection Slow-K |
Mineral supplement, K as main intracellular ion, involved in maintaining intracellular tonicity, nerve-muscle transmission, muscle contraction and normal renal function, normal serum concentration 3.5 - 5 mM
hypokalaemia, after use of potassium-depleting diuretics, longterm corticosteroid therapy, digoxin toxicity precipitated by loss of potassium, renal disease with associated increased K-excretion |
-IV solutions have to be thoroughly mixed, and given at a slow rate not exceeding 10-40mmol/hour (sudden increase in plasma concentration can lead to cardiac arrest and death)
-SE: (oral) nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdo pain (parenteral) all of the above, fall in BP, arrhythmias, heart block, ECG abnormalities -any dehydration should be corrected before commencing Tx -SR tablets to be swallowed whole -caution in those with chronic renal disease or liver cirrhosis (increased risk of hyperkalaemia) |
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Mirtazapine (15-60mg daily)
Avanza Axit 30 Mirtazon Remeron |
tetracyclic antidepressant, increases release of noradrenaline and serotonin, weak anticholinergic properties, sedative properties
major depression |
-SE: drowsiness, sedation, oedema, weight gain, may potentiate effects of alcohol and benzodiazepins
-pt. not to drive or operate machines if drowsy -can activate psych. symptoms in pts. with bipolar or schizophrenia -tablets should be swallowed whole, without chewing |
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Lipex
Simvar Zimstat Zocor |
Simvastatin
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Lipid-regulating agent, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, reduces cholesterol significantly in patients with type II hyperlipidaemia and therefore also significantly reduce the risk of coronary artery disease
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Slow-K
Duro-K |
Potassium
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K as main intracellular ion, involved in maintaining intracellular tonicity, nerve-muscle transmission, muscle contraction and normal renal function, normal serum concentration 3.5 - 5 mM
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Fosamax
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Alendronate
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Bone- and calcium regulating agent, aminobiphosphonate, inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, leading to an increase in bone mass
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Gastro-Stop
Diacare Imodium |
Loperamide
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Antidiarrhoeal agent, reduces peristalsis by suppressing intestinal motility through direct action on circular and longitudinal muscles of intestinal wall
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Xeloda
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Capecitabine
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Antineoplastic agent, inhibits the growth of malignant cells by attacking them at a certain stage in the cell reproductive cycle
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Endone
OxyContin OxyNorm |
Oxycodone
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semi-synthetic opioid analgesic, effective within 20-25 mins, duration 8-10 hours
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Creon, Creon Forte
Cotazym-S Forte Pancrease Panzytrat 25000 |
Pancrelipase
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Enzyme replacement, mimics the enzymes that assist in the digestion of fats to fatty acids and glycerol, proteins to amino acids, and carbohydrates to dextrins and sugars
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Avanza, Axit 30. mirtazon, Remeron
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Mirtazepine
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tetracyclic antidepressant, increases release of noradrenalin and serotonin, sedative, and weak anticholinergic properties
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Zofran
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Ondansetron
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Antiemetic, serotonin antagonist highly selective against 5-HT3 receptors, control of nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy and intolerance to cytotoxic drugs, prevention and treatment of postop n/v
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Betamin
Beta-Sol |
Thiamine (Vitamin B1)
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member of the water-soluble vitamin B group necessary for carbohydrate metabolism and nutrition of nerve cells
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C-Flox
Ciloxan Eye Drops CiloQuin Ciprol Ciproxin Profloxin Proquin |
Ciprofloxacin
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Antibacterial agent, quinolone, thought to inhibit bacterial DNA synthesis, bactericidal to most Gram -ve organisms causing urinary tract infections
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Paxam, Rivotril
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Clonazepam
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Benzodiazepine closely related to nitrazepam, with antiepileptic, sedative and muscle-relaxant properties
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Ausran
Gavilast Mylanta Ranitidine 12 Hour Ranihexal Zantac |
Ranitidine
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Antiulcer agent, H2-receptor antagonist, reduces gastric acid secretionby blocking action of histamine at histamine H2-receptor sites of parietal cells, less antiandrogenic than cimetidine
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