Drugs Affecting The Immune System

Front 1

Penicillin - action

Back 1

bactericidal - inhibit cell wall formation

Front 2

Penicillin -
Which bacteria does it affect?

Back 2

gram-positive
gram-negative

Front 3

Penicillin - contraindications

Back 3

hx of allergic reaction to penicillin or cephalosporin

Front 4

Penicillin -
drug interaction

Back 4

effectiveness decreased when given with tetracyclines

Front 5

Penicillin - adverse affects

Back 5

allergic reactions - varied from rashes to anaphylaxis
GI distress - black, furry tongue, dysphasia, prolonged bleeding time
can progress to renal failure

Front 6

Penicillin - Nursing Considerations

Back 6

monitor for allergic reactions
need additional contraception throught therapy
report unusal bleeding
take on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after)
take with water - avoid fruit juices and soda (acid)

Front 7

Cephalosporin - action

Back 7

bactericidal - inhibit cell wall formation

similar to penicillins in structure and activity

Front 8

Cephalosporin - Which bacteria does it affect?

Back 8

gram negative
anaerobes

Front 9

Cephalosporin - contraindications

Back 9

hx of allergic reaction to penicillin or cephalosporin
hx renal failure - leads to toxicity
pregnancy, lactation

Front 10

Cephalosporin - drug interaction

Back 10

alcohol - causes tremors, NVD, hypo&hypertension
anticoagulants - increases bleeding time

Front 11

Cephalosporin - adverse affects

Back 11

Considered the safest type of antibiotic
allergic reactions - rash, pruritus, joint inflammation
GI effects - NVD
bleeding tendencies, nephrotoxicity

Front 12

Cephalosporin - Nursing Considerations

Back 12

monitor for sensitivity
monitor renal and hepatic function
monitor prothrombin times
take with small meal/snack
avoid alcohol
report bleeding

Front 13

Sulfonamide - action

Back 13

bacteriostatic (inhibits new growth - does not affect pre-existing bacteria)

Front 14

Sulfonamide - Which bacteria does it affect?

Back 14

gram-positive
gram-negative

Front 15

Sulfonamide - contraindications

Back 15

hx allergy to sulfas, thiazide diruetics
hx within 2-3 weeks of an acute gout attack
pregnancy/lactation
hx peptic ulcer or renal disorder

Front 16

Sulfonamide - drug interactions

Back 16

etoh - increases BUN levels

Front 17

Sulfonamide - adverse effects

Back 17

sensitivities - rash, fever, etc.
crystalluriea resulting in renal damage, anaphylaxis,
potential for nephrotoxicity

Front 18

Sulfonamide - nursing considerations

Back 18

take with empty stomach with full glass of h2o
monitor CBC, renal and liver function tests, gluscose levels
increase fluid intake
avoid sunlight

Front 19

Aminoglycoside - action

Back 19

betericidal - prevent protien synthesis

Front 20

Aminoglycoside - Which bacteria does it affect?

Back 20

gram-positive
gram-negative
mycobacteria
some protozoa

Front 21

Aminoglycoside - contraindications

Back 21

hx known allergies
hx renal hepatic disease
preexisting hearing loss
active herpes
myasthenia gravis
parkinsonism

Front 22

Aminoglycoside - drug interactions

Back 22

neuromuscular blocking agent leads to peripheral nerve toxicity and paralysis
diuretics leads to ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity
anticoagulants can increase bleeding time

Front 23

Aminoglycoside - adverse effects

Back 23

NVD
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (dizziness, tinnitus, vertigo, nystagmus, hearing loss)

Front 24

Aminoglycoside - nursing considerations

Back 24

monitor renal function tests, cbcs for bbone marrow suppresion
increase fluid intake
report bleeding, HA loss of hearing

Front 25

signs of ototoxicity

Back 25

dizziness, tinnitus, nystagmus, ataxia, hearing loss

Front 26

signs of nephrotoxicity

Back 26

proteinuria, increased BUN and creatinine levels and urinary casts

Front 27

Tetracycline - action

Back 27

bacteriostatic
bacteriocidal in high doses

Front 28

Tetracycline - which bacteria does it affect?

Back 28

"broad spectrum"
gram +
gram -

Front 29

Tetracycline - contraindications

Back 29

hx renal and hepatic dysfunction, bile duct obstruction
caution with asthma, myasthenia gravis, malnourished
pregnancy/lactation

Front 30

Tetracycline - interactions

Back 30

compromised absorption with dairy products and antacids
penicillin absorption is decreased
digitalis increased risk for digitalis toxicity

Front 31

Tetracycline - adverse effects

Back 31

NVD, photosensitivity

Front 32

Tetracycline - nursing considerations

Back 32

monitor cbc, liver, kidney function
sunscreen without PABA
adequate hydration
space antacid doses at least 3 hours