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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identify the three Lipids
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Cholesterol
Phospholipids Triglycerides |
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Identify the five major families of lipoproteins
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Chylomicrons
Very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs) Intermediate density lipoproteins (IDLs) Low density Lipoproteins (LDLs) High Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) |
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High Cholesterol
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>200 mg/dl
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High LDL cholesterol
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>130 mg/dl
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Non-HDL cholesterol
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Difference between total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol
desired: less than 130 mg/dl |
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Total cholesterol levels should be...
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<200 mg/dl
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LDL cholesterol levels should be...
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<100 mg/dl
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HDL levels should be between...
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40-59 mg/dl
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Classifications of lipid lowering meds
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Bile acid sequestrants
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors Febric acid derivatives Nicotinic acid Cholesterol absorption inhibitors |
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Action of HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
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Can lower LDLs
Raise HDLs Lower triglycerides Positive effect of vascular endothelium Stabilize plage in blood vessels anti inflammatory effect decrease thrombogenicity of blood |
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Imprortant Statins
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Atorvastative (Lipitor)
Simvastatin (Zocor) Fluvastatin (Leschol) Pravastatin (Pravachol) Lovastatin (Mevacor)**** |
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Adverse effects of Statins
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Nonspecific muscle aches or joint aches, myalgias
Myopathy Rhabdomyolysis Elevated LFTs |
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Rhabdomyolysis
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muscle pain
urine will become brown (tea colored) increased CK levels |
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When should you take statins?
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In evening to maximize effects
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Action of Fibric Acid Derivatives
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Reduce triglycerides by increaseing the enzyme lipoprotein lipsae
Is used in combo with Statins |
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Important drugs for Fibric Acid Derivatives
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Gemfibrozil (Lopid, Gemcor)
Fenofibrate (Lipidil, TriCor) |
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Adverse Effects of FADs
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Abdominal pain and diarrhea
cholelithiasis liver tumors |
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Signs of cholelithiasis
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Intolerance to fatty foods
N & V Right quadrant upper abdominal pain clay colored stools low grade fever |
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Action of Nicotinic Acid
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Reduce triglyceride and LDL cholestrol levels and raise HDL
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Adverse effects of Nicotinic Acid due to large dose
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Peripheral vasodilation
transient flushing GI irritation Myalgias Hepatotoxicity |
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When should you take Nicotinic Acid?
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Before Bedtime
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Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
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Reduces the concentration of cholesterol
binds bile acids in GI tract incrase excretion of bile acids in feces |
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Important drugs for Bile Acid Sequestrants
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Cholestryramine (Questran)
Colestipol (Colestid) |
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Adverse effects of Bile Acid Sequestrants
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Constipation, bloating, flatulence
pruritus fecal impaction, intestinal obstruction |
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Implications for Bile Acid Sequestrants
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Encourage foods high in fiber (Whole grain cereals, veggies, fruits)
Mix powder into moist foods Increase fluids |
