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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MOA of raloxifene?
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selective estrogen receptor modulator(SERM)
mimics estrogen in some tissue and angtogonizes it in others. |
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what is the indication for use fo raloxifene?
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treats osteoporosis and reduces risks for breast cancer.
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what are some adverse effects of raloxifene?
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can cause hot flashes
can cause serious blood clots |
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what is 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3?
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hormonally acitve form of vitamin D with three hydroxyl groups
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what is the function of 1,25(OH)2 D3?
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increases the level of calcium in the blod by increasing the uptake of calcium from the gut and decreasing the transfer of calcim from the blood to the urine and increaseing the release of calcium in the blood from bone.
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what is the MOA of bone resorption by 1,25(OH)2 D3?
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acts on osteblasts causeing release of RANKL which activates osteoclasts.
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what is the effect of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on phosphate absorption by the GI?
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increases absorption of both Ca2+ and phosphate.
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what is use of calcium citrate?
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used as a diatery supplement.
main use in pt post gastic bypass who may have better bioavailability of this over the cheaper calcium supplements. |
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what are the loop diuretics effect on calcium homeostatisis?
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Loop diuretics act on the Na+-K+-2Cl- symporter (cotransporter) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption. This is achieved by competing for the Cl- binding site. Because magnesium and calcium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb is dependent on sodium and chloride concentrations (primarily on the recycling of the potassium due to the lack of the electropositive gradient generation), loop diuretics also inhibit their reabsorption.
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what are the effects of thiazide diuretics on calcium homeostatisis?
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Thiazides also lower urinary calcium excretion, making them useful in preventing calcium-containingkidney stones. This effect is associated with positive calcium balance and is associated with an increase in bone mineral density and reductions in fracture rates attributable to osteoporosis. By a lesser understood mechanism, thiazides directly stimulate osteoblastdifferentiation and bone mineral formation, further slowing the course of osteoporosis.[11]
Because of their promotion of calcium retention, thiazides are used in the treatment of Dent's Disease or idiopathic hypercalciuria. |
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what is ethacrynic acid?
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loop diuretic
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what is furosemide?
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loop diuretic
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what is alendronate?
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Alendronate inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone-resorption
classified as a bisphosphonate. |
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what is the MOA of calcitonin?
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calcitonin lowers blood Ca2+ levels in three ways:
Inhibits Ca2+ absorption by the intestines[7] Inhibits osteoclast activity in bones[8] Inhibits renal tubular cell reabsorption of Ca2+ allowing it to be secreted in the urine[9] Vitamin D regulation |
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what is cinacalcet?
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Cinacalcet (INN) is a drug that acts as a calcimimetic (i.e. it mimics the action of calcium on tissues) by allosteric activation of the calcium-sensing receptor
Cinacalcet is used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism (elevated parathyroid hormone levels), a consequence of having end-stage renal disease.[1] Cinacalcet is also indicated for the treatment of hypercalcemia in patients with parathyroid carcinoma.[2]; |
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what is cholecalciferol?
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form of vitamin D
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what is doxercalciferol?
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Doxercalciferol (trade name Hectorol) is drug for secondary hyperparathyroidism and metabolic bone disease.[1] It is a synthetic analog of ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). It suppresses parathyroid synthesis and secretion.[2]
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what is ergocalciferol?
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Ergocalciferol is a form of vitamin D, also called vitamin D2
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what is teriparatide?
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Teriparatide (Forteo, also available in generic form[1]) is a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone, used in the treatment of some forms of osteoporosis
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what is MOA of teriparatide?
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Teriparatide is a portion of human parathyroid hormone (PTH), amino acid sequence 1 through 34, of the complete molecule (containing 84 amino acids). Endogenous PTH is the primary regulator of calcium and phosphate metabolism in bone and kidney. PTH increases serum calcium, partially accomplishing this by increasing bone resorption. Thus, chronically elevated PTH will deplete bone stores. However, intermittent exposure to PTH will activate osteoblasts more than osteoclasts. Thus, once-daily injections of teriparatide have a net effect of stimulating new bone formation leading to increased bone mineral density.
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what is Denosumab?
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monoclonal antibody used to treat osteoporosis by targeting RANKL
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what is Rikets?
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bone softening diseases in children often due to deficiency or imparired metabolism of vitamin D, magnesium, phsoporus, or calcium.
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