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551 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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2,4-dinitrophenol
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uncouples H+ gradient in ETC; up activity ETC
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5-flourouracil ae
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inhibits thymidylate synthase; prevents formation of dTMP from dUMP; down DNA synthesis; mimics uracil but the flour inhibits the methylation of the uracil
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6-mercaptopurine
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S-phase specific antineoplastic prodrug inhibiting PRPP amidotransferase of de novo purine synthesis
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acamprosate
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lowers glutamate receptors that were increased by alcoholism (helps in keeping recovered alcoholics from drinking again)
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acarbose ae/ci
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gi disturbances
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acarbose moa/ind
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intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption); type 2 DM (prevents postprandial surges in blood glucose levels)
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Ace inhibitor ae/ind
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angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (reduce angiotensin production); essential hypertension (reduce sys and dias bp)
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ACE inhiibitor drug names
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captopril
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actinomycin D
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eukaryotic RNA polymerase inhibitor
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adenosine
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antiarrhythmic
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allopurinol ind
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antineoplastic agent for tx Gout, hyperuricemia; prodrug inhibiting PRPP amidotransferase
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allopurinol moa
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xanthine oxidase inhibitor; down synthesis uric acid, up 6-mercaptopurine to toxic levels (drug interaction) so 2/3 dose reduction if used together; salvaged by HGPRTase into allopurinol nucleotide which inhibits PRPP amidotransferase of purine synthesis
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alpha amanitin
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RNA polymerase II inhibitor
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alpha-glucosidase inhibitor names
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acarbose, miglitol
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alprazolam
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benzo (longer acting), DOC for panick disorder, anxiety
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amantidine
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anti-parkinsonian, tx extrapyramidal reactions of antipsychotic drugs
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amiloride ind
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Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
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aminocaproic acid
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inhibitor of fibrinolysis; in case of thrombolytic od
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aminoglycoside drug names
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Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin
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aminoglycosides ae
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nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
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aminoglycosides moa
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translation (initiation) inhibitors; bind 30S at P-site ; G- aerobes
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amitriptyline
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TCA, chronic pain w/andw/out depression, peripheral neuropathy
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amitriptyline moa
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inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake equally
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amphetamine moa
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up dopamine release
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anticholinergics
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decrease vaginal secretions (may give the idea of female arousal disorder)
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antidepressant MOA
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block NE reuptake
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antihistamine
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decrease vaginal secretions (may give the idea of female arousal disorder)
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antimycin A
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inhibits complex IV in ETC
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antipsych ae
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orthostatic hypotension (b/c alpha block), anticholinergic muscarinic block (blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter), H1 block (wight gain, sedation, bad memory), extrapyramidal from down dopamine, particular taste (dental cavities), vomiting (esp. w/smokers), breast enlargement in women, sex dysfnx in men
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antipsychotic ind
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movement disorders (tourette, huntington, hemiballism), nausea/vomiting, hiccups, pruritus (sensation to scratch)
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antipsychotic moa
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dopamine block at postsynaptic r's, alpha block, block muscarinic r's, block NE re-uptake, block serotonin r's, block histamine r's
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aspart
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aspirin
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uncouples H+ gradient in ETC; up activity ETC
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atenolol
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beta blocker for discrete performance anxiety
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azide
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inhibits complex IV in ETC
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AZT
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reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
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AZT ae
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bone marrow suppression
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barbiturates ae
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inhibit complex I in ETC
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benzodiazepines
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anxiolytic, anxiety, acute and chronic alcohol w/d, convulsions, insomnia, RLS, panic disorder, tx akathisia (extrapyr. Ae of neuroleptics)
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benzodiazepines ae
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CNS depression (sedation), paradoxical agitation, confusion/disorientation (in elderly), OD= apnea and resp depress, W/D = insomnia, agitation, anxiety rebound, gi distress, seizures if w/d too quickly, can cause hypoactive sexual disorder, lowers tolerance to alcohol
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benzodiazepines moa
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binds GABA-chloride Rs, facilitates axn of GABA, depress cns at limbic system, RAS, and cortex, metabolism decreased by oral contraceptives
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benzotropine
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anti-parkinsonian, tx extrapyramidal reactions of antipsychotic drugs
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benzoylecgonine
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cocaine metabolite
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erectile dysfnxn drug
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beta blockers
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bromocriptine
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dopamine agonist, inhibits prolactin secretion
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bupropion
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antidepressant, double-hitter drug, in place of or w/SSRIs, inpatient
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bupropion ae
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no sedating, so sexual effects; tachycardia, insomnia, headache, seizure in bulimic patients
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bupropion moa
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up NE and dopamine via unknown mechanism
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caffeine
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adenosine receptor antagonist, up cAMP in neurons w/these r's
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caffeine
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tx orthostatic hypotension caused by TCAs
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calcium chelator EDTA
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tx lead poisoning
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captopril
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carbamazepine
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mood stabilizer, 2nd line tx, acute mania, rapid cycling bipolar disorder, impulse control
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carbamazepine ae
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like valproic acid, monitor blood levels and signs of rash
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carbamazepine moa
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blocks Na channels, alters central GABA receptors
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carbamezapine
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anticonvulsant; interfere with folate
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chloramphenicol ae
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dose dependent anemia, aplastic anemia (dose independent), gray-baby syndrome (in premies b/c lack liver UDP-glucuronyl transferase), inhibits cytP450
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chloramphenicol moa/ind
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inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase, bacteriostatic; crosses BBB; meningitis from (H-flu, neisseria meningitidis, strep pneumoniae)
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chlordiazepoxide
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benzo (longer acting), alcohol detox
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chlorpromazine
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low potency antipsychotic, low extrapyr symptoms, high antichol symp
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chlorpromazine
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tx hypertesive crisis induced by MAOI/Tyramine combo
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cholestyramine
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bind blie salts in gut and eliminate, forcing liver to synthesize more
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citalopram
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SSRI, lowest cost per dose
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clindamycin ae/ci
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pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile overgrowth), fever, diarrhea
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clindamycin ind/moa
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anaerobics (bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfingens); blocks peptide bond formation at 50S
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Clomipramine
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TCA, tx for OCD and recovery phase of anorexia
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clonazepam
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benzo (longer acting), 2nd choice for panick disorder, anxiety
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clonidine moa/ind
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alpha-2 agonist (blocks release NE/serotonin); antipsychotic, tx tourette, to ease w/opioid w/d, tx for tourette syndrome
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clonidine
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clonidine
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clozapine
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"atypical" antipsychotic, acts on negative & positive symptoms of schiz.
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clozapine ae
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agranulocytosis, seizures, NOT EP, TD, prolactin or sexual se's
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clozapine moa
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agonist 5-HT1A, high affinity serotonin receptors
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clyndamycin moa/ind
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bacteriostatic, blocks peptide bond formation at 50S; tx anaerobic infections above the diaphragm (bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfingens)
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CO
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inhibits complex IV in ETC
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CO2
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for panick disorder induced hyperventilation
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cocaine moa
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block reuptake of dopamine
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cochicene
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antineoplastic tx for gout; interferes w/microtubule frmtn, prevents cell division of inflammatory cells (polymorphoneutrophils)
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colchicene ae
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severe diarrhea (enterocolitis), bm suppression
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cotinine
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nicotine metabolite
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coumarin
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anticoagulatn; precursor of warfarin
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COX-2 inhibitor drug names
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rofecoxib, celecoxib
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CPK
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creatinine phosphokinase, pcp metabolite
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cyanide
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inhibits complex IV in ETC
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cyclophosphamide ae/ci
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nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis (prevented by Mesna)
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cyclophosphamide ae/ci
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SIADH
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cyclophosphamide ind/moa
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Wegener's granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss); lymphomas, leukemias, autoimmune diseases; mustard alkylating agent
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cyproheptadine
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tx serotonin syndrome
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cyt.P450 inducers
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barbiturates, carbamezapine, phenytoin, rifampin (up heme synthesis)
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cytosine arabinoside
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prevents dna synthesis; gets deaminated to uracil arabinoside
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dantrolene
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tx: malignant hyperthermia induced by inhalation anesthetics/succinylcholine combo
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demeclocycline
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tx: SIADH; blocks ADH receptors
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demeclocycline ae
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nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth
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demeclocycline ind/moa
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SIADH; ADH antagonist (tetracycline family member)
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deprenyl
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tx for Parkinson's
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detemir
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dextran
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good choice in fluid to refill vascualr compartment b/c dextran is impermeable to endothelial cells
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diazepam
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benzodiazepine (faster acting), anxiety, insomnia
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diazepam ae
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less sexual dysfnx reported
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digitalis
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slows down Na/K pump, keeping Ca inside heart cell b/c of inhibited countertransport = more forceful contractions, up contractility (down preload)
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dimercaprol
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chelator to tx arsenic, mercury, gold, lead poisoning
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disulfram
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aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
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doc for enterobacter
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Imipenem (w/cilastatin)
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donepezil
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tx; alzheimers; acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
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dopamine agonists
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enhanced erection
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doxazosin
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alpha 1 antagonist; tx hypertension and BPH related urinary retention problems
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doxepine
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cyclic antidepressant, helps even non-depressed patients quit smoking
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efavirenz
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nonnucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor
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endomethacin
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tx gout
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escitalopram
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SSRI
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etoposide
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anti-neoplastic; inhibitor of eukaryotic topoisomerase II
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finasteride
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5-alpha reductase inhibitor; produces drastic decreases in libido in men
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flucytosine
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antifungal prodrug; cytosine will get deaminated to 5-FU, preventing fungal DNA replication by inhibiting thymidilate synthase
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fluoroquinolones, moa/ind
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inhibit DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II);bactericidal -oxicin drugs, key in G- rods (UTIs, GI infxns including pseudomonas, neisseria), some G+
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fluouroquinolone ae/ci
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GI upset, suprinfections, skin rashes, headache, dizziness; CI in preggies and kids b/c cartilage damage, tendonitis/tendon rupture in adults, leg cramps/myalgias in kids, antacids (not to be taken concurrently)
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fluouroquinolone drug names end in
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oxicin (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin); nalidixic acid is a quinolone
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fluoxetine (prozac) moa/ind
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SSRI (mc prescribed), tx for OCD, bulemia, depression, ocd
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fluoxetine ae
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anxiety, agitation, insomnia
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flurazepam
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benzodiazepine (faster acting), insomnia
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fluvoxamine
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SSRI, tx for OCD
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fluvoxamine ae
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sedation
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glargine
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hallidol
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antipsychotic in PCP/angel dust tx, deals w/dopamine effects and settles pt. down
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hallucinogens
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marijuana, hashish, lsd, pcp, psilocybin, mescaline
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haloperidol
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potent antipsychotic, DOC for acute psychosis, tx for tourette syndrome, hiccups
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haloperidol ae
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high extrapyr symp, low antichol symp
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hydralazine
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hydralyzine
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prodrug requiring metabolism to release NO
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hydrochlorothiazide ae
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hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyper- Glycemia, Lipidemia, Uricemia, Calcemia. Sulfa allergy.
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hydrochlorothiazide ind/moa
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HTN, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; moa: blocks NaCl reabsorbtion early distal tubule, reducing diluting capacity of nephron. Decreases Ca excretion
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hydroxyurea
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prevents sickling in sickle cell anemia
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hydroxyurea ae
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inhibits ribonucleotide reductase; prevents formation of dUDP from UDP
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imipramine
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TCA of dibenzazepine group, approved for major depression and enuresis, better than amitriptyline in pts. w/low levels of MHPG, tx for bulemia, Panick disorder
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indinavir
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viral protease inhibitor stops assembly of new virus particles
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indomethacin ind
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Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, closes PDA
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lactulose
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tx hepatic encephalopathy; acidifies gut, disabling the absorption of amonia
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LAMM
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Levo-ac-aretyl-methadol, "longer acting version of methdone" in opioid w/d
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L-dopa
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tx for Parkinson's
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lispro
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Lithium
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mood stabilizer, long term control and prophylaxis bipolar disorder, migraine cluster headaches, chronic aggression, combo w/TCAs for resistant depression
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lithium ae
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narrow margin of safety, must monitor blood levels, tremor, thirst, anorexia, gi distress, seizures/coma, polyuria, edema, acne benign leukocytosis, hypothyroidism, long-term - renal malfunction, teratogenic (epstein anomaly, tricuspid valve
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Lithium moa
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blocks inositol-1-phosphate (2ndary msngr)
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lorazepam
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benzodiazepine (longer acting), anxiety, used in alcohol-related seizure treatment (I.M)
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lorazepam moa
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enhances GABA action on GABAa receptors
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losartan
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at2 receptor antagonist (does not cause cough)
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lovastatin
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tx hypercholesterolemia; HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, down intracellular cholesterol -> increase uptake cholesterol from blood
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lovastatin ae
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up creatine kinase (from skeletal muscle), muscle pain, rhabdomyalisys; teratogenic (avoid in pregnancy), metabolized by P450
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loxapine
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neuroleptic, less chance of inducing Tardive Dyskinesia
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L-tryptophan
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decreases sleep latency
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macrolide ae
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GI discomfort (mc cause of noncompliance), acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinophilia, skin rashes; up's serum conc theophyllines and oral anticoagulants
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macrolide drug names
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erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
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macrolide moa/ind
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inhibit protein synthsis by blocking translocation (bind to the 23S rRNA of th e50S ribosomal subunit; bacteriostatic; URI's, pneumonias, STDs (gram-positive cocci - strep infxns in penicillin-allergic pts), mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia, neisseria
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major stimulants
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amphetamines, cocaine
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MAOIs
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antidepressants, avoid cheese, sauerkraut, sausage, chocolate, avocados, dried fish, red wine (OK: cottage cheese, white wines)
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MAOIs ae
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when w/Tyramine = Hypertensive Crisis
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maprotiline moa/ind
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antidepressant; NE reuptake inhibitor
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maprotiline ae
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sedation, orthostatic hypotension
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medroxy-progesterone
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respiratory stimulant for central apnea
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memantine
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tx: alzheimers; NMDA receptor antagonist (helps prevent excitotoxicity mediated by Ca
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meperidine moa/ind
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NE/Dopamine reuptake inhibitor, opioid analgesic
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meperidine ci
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concominant use w/MAOIs b/c of serotonin syndrome
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Mesna
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concurrent w/cyclophosphamide therapy to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis
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methadone
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to help w/ w/d from opioids/heroin, more addictive than heroin, withdrawal is not as severe but it is more prolonged (several weeks) so chances of going back to using drugs is much higher
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methotrexate
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antineoplastic; inhibits dihydrofolate reductase of eukaryotic cells, preventing THF formation from DHF
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methotrexate ae
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methyltrexate
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dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, prevents Uracil to Thymine methylation by inhibiting folate from donating methyl group
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metoclopramide
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D2-r antagonist; post-surg gastroparesis, anti-emetic
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metoprolol
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minor stimulants
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caffeine, nicotine
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mirtazapine
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antidepressant, better for inpatient care
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mirtazapine
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antidepressant; alpha2-antagonist (up NE and serotonin release), 5-HT2/3 antagonist
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mirtazapine ae
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somnolence (60%), up appetite, wight gain
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mirtazapine moa
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stimulates NE and 5HT release
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modafinil
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stimulant (non-amphetamine), increases release of monoamines and elevates hypothalamic histamine levels, approved for use in narcolepsy, shift work diseases, and excessive daytime sleepiness associated with OSA
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n-acetyl cysteine
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in acetaminophen OD to mop up free radicals; -SH group of cysteine -> glutathione
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naloxone
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for opioid tx (but shorter half life than naltrexone)
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naltrexone
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opioid receptor antagonist, reduces alcoholic relapse from 95%-50%, reduces craving, better than naloxone b/cit has longer half life than naloxone
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Nefazodone
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antidepressant
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nefazodone ae
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dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, tremor, rarely ortho hypo
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Nefazodone moa
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5HT2-R antagonist
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neproxin
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tx acute gout
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neuroleptics
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schizophrenia, amphetamine psychosis, alcoholic hallucinosis
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neuroleptics AE
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parkinsonian-like effects, ED
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neuroleptics CI
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OCD b/c increase frontal lobe activity
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niacin (nicotinic acid) ind/moa
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vitB3;reduces serum LDL and TAGs, decreases circulating fibrinogen, increases tissue plasminogen activator, constituent of NAD/NADP, reduces secretion VLDL from liver and inhibits hepatic synth of apolipoproteins/cholesterol
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niacin ae
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facial flushing
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nicotine moa
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up glutamate release, detected in urine as COTININE
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nitroglycerine
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down preload; prodrug requiring metabolism to release NO; acts on veins
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nitroprusside
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prodrug requiring metabolism to release NO; acts on veins and arteries
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nitroprusside ae
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breaks down to cyanide (inhibits complex IV), use no longer than 24hrs
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nizatidine
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H2-r antagonist; peptic ulcer disease
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nortriptyline
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TCA inhibiting reuptake of both NE and serotonin in synaptic cleft of CNS. Aes: arrhythmia, prolonged QTs, seizures, agranulocytosis, anticholinergic effects (but not as bad as amitriptyline)
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nph
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NSAID drug names
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naproxen, ibuprofen
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NSAID moa/ind
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cyclooxygenase inhibitors; chronic inflammation
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olanzapine
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atypical antipsychotic, + & - symp, thought disorders, low rate SE's
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olanzapine ae
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low se's,
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oligomycin
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inhibits Fo subunit in ETC
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omeprazole
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H/K pump inhibitor, will inhibit gastric acid secretion from parietal cell
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omeprazole
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H/K pump inhibitor; peptic ulcer
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ondansetron
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5-HTc antagonist; anti emetic
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opioids
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heroin, methadone, morphine (clinical)
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oubain
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oxazepam
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benzo (longer acting), alcohol detox
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paroxetine
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SSRI (most potent), DOC for discrete performance anxiety AND generalized social anxiety; depression, OCD
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paroxetine ae/ci
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GI distress, anorgasmia, Serotonin syndrome (w/other serotonin increasing drugs like MAO inhibitors) - hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, cardiovascular collapse, flushing, diarrhea
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PGE on PDA
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keeps PDA open
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phenelzine
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MAOI; tx anxiety, hypochondria, atypical depression; CI in SSRI and/or meperidine (NE/Dopamine reuptake inhibitor)
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phenlizine
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MAO inhibitor for generalized social anxiety
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phentolamine
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tx hypertesive crisis induced by MAOI/Tyramine combo
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phenytoin
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anticonvulsant; interferes w/folate, vitK absorption
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pimozide
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antipsychotic, tx for tourette syndrome, less chance of inducing tardive dyskinesia
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pralidoxime
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regenerates AChE
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primaquin ae
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up free radicals;
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probenecid
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prophylaxis gout; interferes w/excretion uric acid (prevents reabsorption uric acid by proximal tubule), promotes excretion of urate
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probenecid ae
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urate stones in kidney
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propranolol
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beta blocker for discrete performance anxiety
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pyrimethamine
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anti-protozoal dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (w/sulfa drugs), tx toxoplasma in AIDS pts (toxoplasma abscess)
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reserpine
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depletes catecholamines
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reserpine AE
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depletes NE = depression
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ribonucleotide reductase
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forms dUDP from UDP; inhibited by hydroxyurea (sickle cell tx drug)
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rifampin
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RNA polymerase inhibitor; tx TB
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rifampin ae
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hepatotoxic, cytochrome P450 inducer
|
|
|
risperidone
|
atypical antipsychotic, + and - symp schiz., thought disorders
|
|
|
risperidone ae
|
dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, tachy, hypoten, up prolactin, EP symp…but NO agranulocytosis
|
|
|
rotenone ae
|
inhibits complex I in ETC
|
|
|
saquinavir
|
viral protease inhibitor stops assembly of new virus particles
|
|
|
sedative moa
|
up activity of GABA (inhibitory NT, gaba-aminobutyric acid)
|
|
|
sedatives
|
alcohol, benzos, barbs
|
|
|
sertraline
|
SSRI, metabolized quickly
|
|
|
sertraline
|
SSRI; depression, OCD
|
|
|
SGOT
|
serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, pcp metabolite
|
|
|
sodium chloride
|
tx orthostatic hypotension caused by TCAs
|
|
|
SSRIs
|
for quitting smoking?, tx for bulemia, discrete performance anxiety (paroxetine), panick disorder, PTSD, OCD, social phobias
|
|
|
SSRIs ae
|
low generally, may inhibit ejaculation/orgasm (1/10pts), serotonin syndrome (in high doses, when mixed w/MAOIs, or synthetic narcotic combo w/MAOIs?orSSRIs?)
|
|
|
SSRI drugs
|
gluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram
|
|
|
SSRIs MOA
|
inhibit reuptake serotonin or serotonin r's agonist?
|
|
|
statin drug names
|
pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin
|
|
|
statin moa/ind
|
inhibit HMG-CoA reductase; familial hypercholesterolemia (reduces LDL, total cholesterol, and TAGs)
|
|
|
stimulant moa
|
increase availability of dopamine and/or glutamate
|
|
|
succimer
|
chelator to tx arsenic, mercury, gold, lead poisoning
|
|
|
sulfa drugs ae/ci
|
no human antineoplastic se's; hypersensitivity reactions, hemolysis if G6PD deficient, nephrotoxicity (tubulointerstitial nephritis), photosensitivity, kernicterus in infants, displace othedr drugs from albumin (warfarin)
|
|
|
sulfonamide drug names
|
sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine
|
|
|
sulfonamide moa/ind
|
stop folic acid synthesis, PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase, bacteriostatic; G+, G-, Nocardia, Chlamydia. Triple sulfas or SMX for simple UTI
|
|
|
sulfonylurea ae
|
1st gen- disulfiram like effects; 2nd gen- hypoglycemia
|
|
|
sulfonylureas ind/moa
|
DM-2; close K+ channels -> depolarization -> insulin release via Ca2+
|
|
|
sulfonylureas-1st gen
|
tobutamide, chlorpropamide
|
|
|
sulfonylureas-2nd gen
|
glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide
|
|
|
sulindac
|
tx gout, not ass w/renal impairment
|
|
|
TCA ae
|
antichol, CNS (drowsiness, insomnia, agitation, confusion, headaches, tremor), tachy, ortho hypo (esp in elderly), men: impotence and testicular swelling, women: anorgasmia and breast enlargement, changes in blood sugar levels, lower seizure threshold, up alcohol effects, manic episode in 50% bipolars
|
|
|
TCA CI
|
first trimester
|
|
|
TCA drugs
|
triptyline; imipramine, amitriptyline, desipramine, nortriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, amoxapine
|
|
|
TCA met
|
fat soluble, metab by liver excreted by kidneys
|
|
|
TCA moa
|
block reuptake of NE and serotonin (downregulation beta receptors? That's why w/d gradually?
|
|
|
TCA ind
|
major depression, bedwetting (imipramine), OCD and recovery phase of anorexia (clomipramine)
|
|
|
temazepam
|
benzo (longer acting), insomnia
|
|
|
tetracyclines
|
translation (elongation) inhibitors; bind 30S at A-site; wide-spectrum (chlamydia/rickettsia)
|
|
|
tetracyclines ae
|
fanconi-like symptoms, tooth discoloration
|
|
|
thermogenin
|
uncouples H+ gradient in ETC, up activity ETC
|
|
|
thioridazine ae
|
retrograde ejaculation
|
|
|
tranylcypromine
|
MAOI; tx anxiety, hypochondria, atypical depression; CI in SSRI and/or meperidine (NE/Dopamine reuptake inhibitor)
|
|
|
trazodone
|
antidepressant, improves sleep quality
|
|
|
Trazodone
|
tx insomnia; inhibits serotonin reuptake; Ae's: priapism
|
|
|
trazodone ae
|
priapism (prolonged erection in the absence of stimulation), almost NO antichol effects
|
|
|
trazodone moa
|
primarily inhibit serotonin reuptake, alpha-1 blocker
|
|
|
triazolam (halicon)
|
benzodiazepine (faster acting), insomnia
|
|
|
trimethobenzamide
|
anti-emetic
|
|
|
trimethoprim ae/ci
|
megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia (may alleviate with supplemental folinic acid)
|
|
|
trimethoprim moa/ind
|
bacteriostatic (used in combo w/sulfa drugs; bactrim and cotremoxasole); inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in prokaryotes; ind in recurrent UTIs, shigella, salmonella, pneumocystis carini pneumonia of AIDS pts., and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia)
|
|
|
tylenol
|
acetaminophen
|
|
|
valproic acid
|
mood stabilizer, acute mania, rapid cycling bipolar disorder, impulse control
|
|
|
2,4-dinitrophenol
|
uncouples H+ gradient in ETC; up activity ETC
|
|
|
5-flourouracil ae
|
inhibits thymidylate synthase; prevents formation of dTMP from dUMP; down DNA synthesis; mimics uracil but the flour inhibits the methylation of the uracil
|
|
|
6-mercaptopurine
|
S-phase specific antineoplastic prodrug inhibiting PRPP amidotransferase of de novo purine synthesis
|
|
|
acamprosate
|
lowers glutamate receptors that were increased by alcoholism (helps in keeping recovered alcoholics from drinking again)
|
|
|
acarbose ae/ci
|
gi disturbances
|
|
|
acarbose moa/ind
|
intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption); type 2 DM (prevents postprandial surges in blood glucose levels)
|
|
|
Ace inhibitor ae/ind
|
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (reduce angiotensin production); essential hypertension (reduce sys and dias bp)
|
|
|
ACE inhiibitor drug names
|
captopril
|
|
|
actinomycin D
|
eukaryotic RNA polymerase inhibitor
|
|
|
adenosine
|
antiarrhythmic
|
|
|
allopurinol ind
|
antineoplastic agent for tx Gout, hyperuricemia; prodrug inhibiting PRPP amidotransferase
|
|
|
allopurinol moa
|
xanthine oxidase inhibitor; down synthesis uric acid, up 6-mercaptopurine to toxic levels (drug interaction) so 2/3 dose reduction if used together; salvaged by HGPRTase into allopurinol nucleotide which inhibits PRPP amidotransferase of purine synthesis
|
|
|
alpha amanitin
|
RNA polymerase II inhibitor
|
|
|
alpha-glucosidase inhibitor names
|
acarbose, miglitol
|
|
|
alprazolam
|
benzo (longer acting), DOC for panick disorder, anxiety
|
|
|
amantidine
|
anti-parkinsonian, tx extrapyramidal reactions of antipsychotic drugs
|
|
|
amiloride ind
|
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
|
|
|
aminocaproic acid
|
inhibitor of fibrinolysis; in case of thrombolytic od
|
|
|
aminoglycoside drug names
|
Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin
|
|
|
aminoglycosides ae
|
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
|
|
|
aminoglycosides moa
|
translation (initiation) inhibitors; bind 30S at P-site ; G- aerobes
|
|
|
amitriptyline
|
TCA, chronic pain w/andw/out depression, peripheral neuropathy
|
|
|
amitriptyline moa
|
inhibits serotonin and NE reuptake equally
|
|
|
amphetamine moa
|
up dopamine release
|
|
|
anticholinergics
|
decrease vaginal secretions (may give the idea of female arousal disorder)
|
|
|
antidepressant MOA
|
block NE reuptake
|
|
|
antihistamine
|
decrease vaginal secretions (may give the idea of female arousal disorder)
|
|
|
antimycin A
|
inhibits complex IV in ETC
|
|
|
antipsych ae
|
orthostatic hypotension (b/c alpha block), anticholinergic muscarinic block (blind as a bat, dry as a bone, red as a beet, mad as a hatter), H1 block (wight gain, sedation, bad memory), extrapyramidal from down dopamine, particular taste (dental cavities), vomiting (esp. w/smokers), breast enlargement in women, sex dysfnx in men
|
|
|
antipsychotic ind
|
movement disorders (tourette, huntington, hemiballism), nausea/vomiting, hiccups, pruritus (sensation to scratch)
|
|
|
antipsychotic moa
|
dopamine block at postsynaptic r's, alpha block, block muscarinic r's, block NE re-uptake, block serotonin r's, block histamine r's
|
|
|
aspart
|
|
|
|
aspirin
|
uncouples H+ gradient in ETC; up activity ETC
|
|
|
atenolol
|
beta blocker for discrete performance anxiety
|
|
|
azide
|
inhibits complex IV in ETC
|
|
|
AZT
|
reverse-transcriptase inhibitor
|
|
|
AZT ae
|
bone marrow suppression
|
|
|
barbiturates ae
|
inhibit complex I in ETC
|
|
|
benzodiazepines
|
anxiolytic, anxiety, acute and chronic alcohol w/d, convulsions, insomnia, RLS, panic disorder, tx akathisia (extrapyr. Ae of neuroleptics)
|
|
|
benzodiazepines ae
|
CNS depression (sedation), paradoxical agitation, confusion/disorientation (in elderly), OD= apnea and resp depress, W/D = insomnia, agitation, anxiety rebound, gi distress, seizures if w/d too quickly, can cause hypoactive sexual disorder, lowers tolerance to alcohol
|
|
|
benzodiazepines moa
|
binds GABA-chloride Rs, facilitates axn of GABA, depress cns at limbic system, RAS, and cortex, metabolism decreased by oral contraceptives
|
|
|
benzotropine
|
anti-parkinsonian, tx extrapyramidal reactions of antipsychotic drugs
|
|
|
benzoylecgonine
|
cocaine metabolite
|
|
|
erectile dysfnxn drug
|
beta blockers
|
|
|
bromocriptine
|
dopamine agonist, inhibits prolactin secretion
|
|
|
bupropion
|
antidepressant, double-hitter drug, in place of or w/SSRIs, inpatient
|
|
|
bupropion ae
|
no sedating, so sexual effects; tachycardia, insomnia, headache, seizure in bulimic patients
|
|
|
bupropion moa
|
up NE and dopamine via unknown mechanism
|
|
|
caffeine
|
adenosine receptor antagonist, up cAMP in neurons w/these r's
|
|
|
caffeine
|
tx orthostatic hypotension caused by TCAs
|
|
|
calcium chelator EDTA
|
tx lead poisoning
|
|
|
captopril
|
|
|
|
carbamazepine
|
mood stabilizer, 2nd line tx, acute mania, rapid cycling bipolar disorder, impulse control
|
|
|
carbamazepine ae
|
like valproic acid, monitor blood levels and signs of rash
|
|
|
carbamazepine moa
|
blocks Na channels, alters central GABA receptors
|
|
|
carbamezapine
|
anticonvulsant; interfere with folate
|
|
|
chloramphenicol ae
|
dose dependent anemia, aplastic anemia (dose independent), gray-baby syndrome (in premies b/c lack liver UDP-glucuronyl transferase), inhibits cytP450
|
|
|
chloramphenicol moa/ind
|
inhibits 50S peptidyltransferase, bacteriostatic; crosses BBB; meningitis from (H-flu, neisseria meningitidis, strep pneumoniae)
|
|
|
chlordiazepoxide
|
benzo (longer acting), alcohol detox
|
|
|
chlorpromazine
|
low potency antipsychotic, low extrapyr symptoms, high antichol symp
|
|
|
chlorpromazine
|
tx hypertesive crisis induced by MAOI/Tyramine combo
|
|
|
cholestyramine
|
bind blie salts in gut and eliminate, forcing liver to synthesize more
|
|
|
citalopram
|
SSRI, lowest cost per dose
|
|
|
clindamycin ae/ci
|
pseudomembranous colitis (C. difficile overgrowth), fever, diarrhea
|
|
|
clindamycin ind/moa
|
anaerobics (bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfingens); blocks peptide bond formation at 50S
|
|
|
Clomipramine
|
TCA, tx for OCD and recovery phase of anorexia
|
|
|
clonazepam
|
benzo (longer acting), 2nd choice for panick disorder, anxiety
|
|
|
clonidine moa/ind
|
alpha-2 agonist (blocks release NE/serotonin); antipsychotic, tx tourette, to ease w/opioid w/d, tx for tourette syndrome
|
|
|
clonidine
|
|
|
|
clonidine
|
|
|
|
clozapine
|
"atypical" antipsychotic, acts on negative & positive symptoms of schiz.
|
|
|
clozapine ae
|
agranulocytosis, seizures, NOT EP, TD, prolactin or sexual se's
|
|
|
clozapine moa
|
agonist 5-HT1A, high affinity serotonin receptors
|
|
|
clyndamycin moa/ind
|
bacteriostatic, blocks peptide bond formation at 50S; tx anaerobic infections above the diaphragm (bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfingens)
|
|
|
CO
|
inhibits complex IV in ETC
|
|
|
CO2
|
for panick disorder induced hyperventilation
|
|
|
cocaine moa
|
block reuptake of dopamine
|
|
|
cochicene
|
antineoplastic tx for gout; interferes w/microtubule frmtn, prevents cell division of inflammatory cells (polymorphoneutrophils)
|
|
|
colchicene ae
|
severe diarrhea (enterocolitis), bm suppression
|
|
|
cotinine
|
nicotine metabolite
|
|
|
coumarin
|
anticoagulatn; precursor of warfarin
|
|
|
COX-2 inhibitor drug names
|
rofecoxib, celecoxib
|
|
|
CPK
|
creatinine phosphokinase, pcp metabolite
|
|
|
cyanide
|
inhibits complex IV in ETC
|
|
|
cyclophosphamide ae/ci
|
nausea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, alopecia, hemorrhagic cystitis (prevented by Mesna)
|
|
|
cyclophosphamide ae/ci
|
SIADH
|
|
|
cyclophosphamide ind/moa
|
Wegener's granulomatosis (Churg-Strauss); lymphomas, leukemias, autoimmune diseases; mustard alkylating agent
|
|
|
cyproheptadine
|
tx serotonin syndrome
|
|
|
cyt.P450 inducers
|
barbiturates, carbamezapine, phenytoin, rifampin (up heme synthesis)
|
|
|
cytosine arabinoside
|
prevents dna synthesis; gets deaminated to uracil arabinoside
|
|
|
dantrolene
|
tx: malignant hyperthermia induced by inhalation anesthetics/succinylcholine combo
|
|
|
demeclocycline
|
tx: SIADH; blocks ADH receptors
|
|
|
demeclocycline ae
|
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone and teeth
|
|
|
demeclocycline ind/moa
|
SIADH; ADH antagonist (tetracycline family member)
|
|
|
deprenyl
|
tx for Parkinson's
|
|
|
detemir
|
|
|
|
dextran
|
good choice in fluid to refill vascualr compartment b/c dextran is impermeable to endothelial cells
|
|
|
diazepam
|
benzodiazepine (faster acting), anxiety, insomnia
|
|
|
diazepam ae
|
less sexual dysfnx reported
|
|
|
digitalis
|
slows down Na/K pump, keeping Ca inside heart cell b/c of inhibited countertransport = more forceful contractions, up contractility (down preload)
|
|
|
dimercaprol
|
chelator to tx arsenic, mercury, gold, lead poisoning
|
|
|
disulfram
|
aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor
|
|
|
doc for enterobacter
|
Imipenem (w/cilastatin)
|
|
|
donepezil
|
tx; alzheimers; acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
|
|
|
dopamine agonists
|
enhanced erection
|
|
|
doxazosin
|
alpha 1 antagonist; tx hypertension and BPH related urinary retention problems
|
|
|
doxepine
|
cyclic antidepressant, helps even non-depressed patients quit smoking
|
|
|
efavirenz
|
nonnucleoside HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor
|
|
|
endomethacin
|
tx gout
|
|
|
escitalopram
|
SSRI
|
|
|
etoposide
|
anti-neoplastic; inhibitor of eukaryotic topoisomerase II
|
|
|
finasteride
|
5-alpha reductase inhibitor; produces drastic decreases in libido in men
|
|
|
flucytosine
|
antifungal prodrug; cytosine will get deaminated to 5-FU, preventing fungal DNA replication by inhibiting thymidilate synthase
|
|
|
fluoroquinolones, moa/ind
|
inhibit DNA gyrase (bacterial topoisomerase II);bactericidal -oxicin drugs, key in G- rods (UTIs, GI infxns including pseudomonas, neisseria), some G+
|
|
|
fluouroquinolone ae/ci
|
GI upset, suprinfections, skin rashes, headache, dizziness; CI in preggies and kids b/c cartilage damage, tendonitis/tendon rupture in adults, leg cramps/myalgias in kids, antacids (not to be taken concurrently)
|
|
|
fluouroquinolone drug names end in
|
oxicin (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin); nalidixic acid is a quinolone
|
|
|
fluoxetine (prozac) moa/ind
|
SSRI (mc prescribed), tx for OCD, bulemia, depression, ocd
|
|
|
fluoxetine ae
|
anxiety, agitation, insomnia
|
|
|
flurazepam
|
benzodiazepine (faster acting), insomnia
|
|
|
fluvoxamine
|
SSRI, tx for OCD
|
|
|
fluvoxamine ae
|
sedation
|
|
|
glargine
|
|
|
|
hallidol
|
antipsychotic in PCP/angel dust tx, deals w/dopamine effects and settles pt. down
|
|
|
hallucinogens
|
marijuana, hashish, lsd, pcp, psilocybin, mescaline
|
|
|
haloperidol
|
potent antipsychotic, DOC for acute psychosis, tx for tourette syndrome, hiccups
|
|
|
haloperidol ae
|
high extrapyr symp, low antichol symp
|
|
|
hydralazine
|
|
|
|
hydralyzine
|
prodrug requiring metabolism to release NO
|
|
|
hydrochlorothiazide ae
|
hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyper- Glycemia, Lipidemia, Uricemia, Calcemia. Sulfa allergy.
|
|
|
hydrochlorothiazide ind/moa
|
HTN, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; moa: blocks NaCl reabsorbtion early distal tubule, reducing diluting capacity of nephron. Decreases Ca excretion
|
|
|
hydroxyurea
|
prevents sickling in sickle cell anemia
|
|
|
hydroxyurea ae
|
inhibits ribonucleotide reductase; prevents formation of dUDP from UDP
|
|
|
imipramine
|
TCA of dibenzazepine group, approved for major depression and enuresis, better than amitriptyline in pts. w/low levels of MHPG, tx for bulemia, Panick disorder
|
|
|
indinavir
|
viral protease inhibitor stops assembly of new virus particles
|
|
|
indomethacin ind
|
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus, closes PDA
|
|
|
lactulose
|
tx hepatic encephalopathy; acidifies gut, disabling the absorption of amonia
|
|
|
LAMM
|
Levo-ac-aretyl-methadol, "longer acting version of methdone" in opioid w/d
|
|
|
L-dopa
|
tx for Parkinson's
|
|
|
lispro
|
|
|
|
Lithium
|
mood stabilizer, long term control and prophylaxis bipolar disorder, migraine cluster headaches, chronic aggression, combo w/TCAs for resistant depression
|
|
|
lithium ae
|
narrow margin of safety, must monitor blood levels, tremor, thirst, anorexia, gi distress, seizures/coma, polyuria, edema, acne benign leukocytosis, hypothyroidism, long-term - renal malfunction, teratogenic (epstein anomaly, tricuspid valve
|
|
|
Lithium moa
|
blocks inositol-1-phosphate (2ndary msngr)
|
|
|
lorazepam
|
benzodiazepine (longer acting), anxiety, used in alcohol-related seizure treatment (I.M)
|
|
|
lorazepam moa
|
enhances GABA action on GABAa receptors
|
|
|
losartan
|
at2 receptor antagonist (does not cause cough)
|
|
|
lovastatin
|
tx hypercholesterolemia; HMG CoA reductase inhibitor, down intracellular cholesterol -> increase uptake cholesterol from blood
|
|
|
lovastatin ae
|
up creatine kinase (from skeletal muscle), muscle pain, rhabdomyalisys; teratogenic (avoid in pregnancy), metabolized by P450
|
|
|
loxapine
|
neuroleptic, less chance of inducing Tardive Dyskinesia
|
|
|
L-tryptophan
|
decreases sleep latency
|
|
|
macrolide ae
|
GI discomfort (mc cause of noncompliance), acute cholestatic hepatitis, eosinophilia, skin rashes; up's serum conc theophyllines and oral anticoagulants
|
|
|
macrolide drug names
|
erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
|
|
|
macrolide moa/ind
|
inhibit protein synthsis by blocking translocation (bind to the 23S rRNA of th e50S ribosomal subunit; bacteriostatic; URI's, pneumonias, STDs (gram-positive cocci - strep infxns in penicillin-allergic pts), mycoplasma, legionella, chlamydia, neisseria
|
|
|
major stimulants
|
amphetamines, cocaine
|
|
|
MAOIs
|
antidepressants, avoid cheese, sauerkraut, sausage, chocolate, avocados, dried fish, red wine (OK: cottage cheese, white wines)
|
|
|
MAOIs ae
|
when w/Tyramine = Hypertensive Crisis
|
|
|
maprotiline moa/ind
|
antidepressant; NE reuptake inhibitor
|
|
|
maprotiline ae
|
sedation, orthostatic hypotension
|
|
|
medroxy-progesterone
|
respiratory stimulant for central apnea
|
|
|
memantine
|
tx: alzheimers; NMDA receptor antagonist (helps prevent excitotoxicity mediated by Ca
|
|
|
meperidine moa/ind
|
NE/Dopamine reuptake inhibitor, opioid analgesic
|
|
|
meperidine ci
|
concominant use w/MAOIs b/c of serotonin syndrome
|
|
|
Mesna
|
concurrent w/cyclophosphamide therapy to prevent hemorrhagic cystitis
|
|
|
methadone
|
to help w/ w/d from opioids/heroin, more addictive than heroin, withdrawal is not as severe but it is more prolonged (several weeks) so chances of going back to using drugs is much higher
|
|
|
methotrexate
|
antineoplastic; inhibits dihydrofolate reductase of eukaryotic cells, preventing THF formation from DHF
|
|
|
methotrexate ae
|
|
|
|
methyltrexate
|
dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, prevents Uracil to Thymine methylation by inhibiting folate from donating methyl group
|
|
|
metoclopramide
|
D2-r antagonist; post-surg gastroparesis, anti-emetic
|
|
|
metoprolol
|
|
|
|
minor stimulants
|
caffeine, nicotine
|
|
|
mirtazapine
|
antidepressant, better for inpatient care
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mirtazapine
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antidepressant; alpha2-antagonist (up NE and serotonin release), 5-HT2/3 antagonist
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mirtazapine ae
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somnolence (60%), up appetite, wight gain
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mirtazapine moa
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stimulates NE and 5HT release
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modafinil
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stimulant (non-amphetamine), increases release of monoamines and elevates hypothalamic histamine levels, approved for use in narcolepsy, shift work diseases, and excessive daytime sleepiness associated with OSA
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n-acetyl cysteine
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in acetaminophen OD to mop up free radicals; -SH group of cysteine -> glutathione
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naloxone
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for opioid tx (but shorter half life than naltrexone)
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naltrexone
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opioid receptor antagonist, reduces alcoholic relapse from 95%-50%, reduces craving, better than naloxone b/cit has longer half life than naloxone
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Nefazodone
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antidepressant
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nefazodone ae
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dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, tremor, rarely ortho hypo
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Nefazodone moa
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5HT2-R antagonist
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neproxin
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tx acute gout
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neuroleptics
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schizophrenia, amphetamine psychosis, alcoholic hallucinosis
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neuroleptics AE
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parkinsonian-like effects, ED
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neuroleptics CI
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OCD b/c increase frontal lobe activity
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niacin (nicotinic acid) ind/moa
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vitB3;reduces serum LDL and TAGs, decreases circulating fibrinogen, increases tissue plasminogen activator, constituent of NAD/NADP, reduces secretion VLDL from liver and inhibits hepatic synth of apolipoproteins/cholesterol
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niacin ae
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facial flushing
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nicotine moa
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up glutamate release, detected in urine as COTININE
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nitroglycerine
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down preload; prodrug requiring metabolism to release NO; acts on veins
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nitroprusside
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prodrug requiring metabolism to release NO; acts on veins and arteries
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nitroprusside ae
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breaks down to cyanide (inhibits complex IV), use no longer than 24hrs
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nizatidine
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H2-r antagonist; peptic ulcer disease
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nortriptyline
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TCA inhibiting reuptake of both NE and serotonin in synaptic cleft of CNS. Aes: arrhythmia, prolonged QTs, seizures, agranulocytosis, anticholinergic effects (but not as bad as amitriptyline)
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nph
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NSAID drug names
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naproxen, ibuprofen
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NSAID moa/ind
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cyclooxygenase inhibitors; chronic inflammation
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olanzapine
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atypical antipsychotic, + & - symp, thought disorders, low rate SE's
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olanzapine ae
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low se's,
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oligomycin
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inhibits Fo subunit in ETC
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omeprazole
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H/K pump inhibitor, will inhibit gastric acid secretion from parietal cell
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omeprazole
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H/K pump inhibitor; peptic ulcer
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ondansetron
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5-HTc antagonist; anti emetic
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opioids
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heroin, methadone, morphine (clinical)
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oubain
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oxazepam
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benzo (longer acting), alcohol detox
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paroxetine
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SSRI (most potent), DOC for discrete performance anxiety AND generalized social anxiety; depression, OCD
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paroxetine ae/ci
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GI distress, anorgasmia, Serotonin syndrome (w/other serotonin increasing drugs like MAO inhibitors) - hyperthermia, muscle rigidity, cardiovascular collapse, flushing, diarrhea
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PGE on PDA
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keeps PDA open
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phenelzine
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MAOI; tx anxiety, hypochondria, atypical depression; CI in SSRI and/or meperidine (NE/Dopamine reuptake inhibitor)
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phenlizine
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MAO inhibitor for generalized social anxiety
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phentolamine
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tx hypertesive crisis induced by MAOI/Tyramine combo
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phenytoin
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anticonvulsant; interferes w/folate, vitK absorption
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pimozide
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antipsychotic, tx for tourette syndrome, less chance of inducing tardive dyskinesia
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pralidoxime
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regenerates AChE
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primaquin ae
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up free radicals;
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probenecid
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prophylaxis gout; interferes w/excretion uric acid (prevents reabsorption uric acid by proximal tubule), promotes excretion of urate
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probenecid ae
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urate stones in kidney
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propranolol
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beta blocker for discrete performance anxiety
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pyrimethamine
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anti-protozoal dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor (w/sulfa drugs), tx toxoplasma in AIDS pts (toxoplasma abscess)
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reserpine
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depletes catecholamines
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reserpine AE
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depletes NE = depression
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ribonucleotide reductase
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forms dUDP from UDP; inhibited by hydroxyurea (sickle cell tx drug)
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rifampin
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RNA polymerase inhibitor; tx TB
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rifampin ae
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hepatotoxic, cytochrome P450 inducer
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risperidone
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atypical antipsychotic, + and - symp schiz., thought disorders
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risperidone ae
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dizziness, fatigue, dry mouth, tachy, hypoten, up prolactin, EP symp…but NO agranulocytosis
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rotenone ae
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inhibits complex I in ETC
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saquinavir
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viral protease inhibitor stops assembly of new virus particles
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sedative moa
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up activity of GABA (inhibitory NT, gaba-aminobutyric acid)
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sedatives
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alcohol, benzos, barbs
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sertraline
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SSRI, metabolized quickly
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sertraline
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SSRI; depression, OCD
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SGOT
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serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, pcp metabolite
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sodium chloride
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tx orthostatic hypotension caused by TCAs
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SSRIs
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for quitting smoking?, tx for bulemia, discrete performance anxiety (paroxetine), panick disorder, PTSD, OCD, social phobias
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SSRIs ae
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low generally, may inhibit ejaculation/orgasm (1/10pts), serotonin syndrome (in high doses, when mixed w/MAOIs, or synthetic narcotic combo w/MAOIs?orSSRIs?)
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SSRI drugs
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gluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram
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SSRIs MOA
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inhibit reuptake serotonin or serotonin r's agonist?
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statin drug names
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pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin
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statin moa/ind
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inhibit HMG-CoA reductase; familial hypercholesterolemia (reduces LDL, total cholesterol, and TAGs)
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stimulant moa
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increase availability of dopamine and/or glutamate
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succimer
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chelator to tx arsenic, mercury, gold, lead poisoning
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sulfa drugs ae/ci
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no human antineoplastic se's; hypersensitivity reactions, hemolysis if G6PD deficient, nephrotoxicity (tubulointerstitial nephritis), photosensitivity, kernicterus in infants, displace othedr drugs from albumin (warfarin)
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sulfonamide drug names
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sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine
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sulfonamide moa/ind
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stop folic acid synthesis, PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase, bacteriostatic; G+, G-, Nocardia, Chlamydia. Triple sulfas or SMX for simple UTI
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sulfonylurea ae
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1st gen- disulfiram like effects; 2nd gen- hypoglycemia
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sulfonylureas ind/moa
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DM-2; close K+ channels -> depolarization -> insulin release via Ca2+
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sulfonylureas-1st gen
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tobutamide, chlorpropamide
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sulfonylureas-2nd gen
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glyburide, glimepiride, glipizide
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sulindac
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tx gout, not ass w/renal impairment
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TCA ae
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antichol, CNS (drowsiness, insomnia, agitation, confusion, headaches, tremor), tachy, ortho hypo (esp in elderly), men: impotence and testicular swelling, women: anorgasmia and breast enlargement, changes in blood sugar levels, lower seizure threshold, up alcohol effects, manic episode in 50% bipolars
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TCA CI
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first trimester
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TCA drugs
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triptyline; imipramine, amitriptyline, desipramine, nortriptyline, clomipramine, doxepin, amoxapine
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TCA met
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fat soluble, metab by liver excreted by kidneys
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TCA moa
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block reuptake of NE and serotonin (downregulation beta receptors? That's why w/d gradually?
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TCA ind
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major depression, bedwetting (imipramine), OCD and recovery phase of anorexia (clomipramine)
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temazepam
|
benzo (longer acting), insomnia
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tetracyclines
|
translation (elongation) inhibitors; bind 30S at A-site; wide-spectrum (chlamydia/rickettsia)
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tetracyclines ae
|
fanconi-like symptoms, tooth discoloration
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thermogenin
|
uncouples H+ gradient in ETC, up activity ETC
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thioridazine ae
|
retrograde ejaculation
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tranylcypromine
|
MAOI; tx anxiety, hypochondria, atypical depression; CI in SSRI and/or meperidine (NE/Dopamine reuptake inhibitor)
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trazodone
|
antidepressant, improves sleep quality
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Trazodone
|
tx insomnia; inhibits serotonin reuptake; Ae's: priapism
|
|
|
trazodone ae
|
priapism (prolonged erection in the absence of stimulation), almost NO antichol effects
|
|
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trazodone moa
|
primarily inhibit serotonin reuptake, alpha-1 blocker
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triazolam (halicon)
|
benzodiazepine (faster acting), insomnia
|
|
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trimethobenzamide
|
anti-emetic
|
|
|
trimethoprim ae/ci
|
megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia (may alleviate with supplemental folinic acid)
|
|
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trimethoprim moa/ind
|
bacteriostatic (used in combo w/sulfa drugs; bactrim and cotremoxasole); inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in prokaryotes; ind in recurrent UTIs, shigella, salmonella, pneumocystis carini pneumonia of AIDS pts., and pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia)
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|
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tylenol
|
acetaminophen
|
|
|
valproic acid
|
mood stabilizer, acute mania, rapid cycling bipolar disorder, impulse control
|
|
|
valproic acid moa
|
augmentation of GABA in CNS
|
|
|
valproic acid se
|
sedation, mild tremor, gi distress, occasional agranulocytosis
|
|
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venlafaxine
|
antidepressant, double-hitter drug, as effective as SSRIs
|
|
|
venlafaxine ae
|
sweating, nausea/vomit, anorexia, constipation, anorexia,
|
|
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venlafaxine moa
|
inhibits reuptake NE and 5HT, mild dopamine effect
|
|
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warfarin
|
anti-coagulant; prevents gamma-carboxylation of glutamate on clotting factors; transient pro-clotting effect initially b/c prevent activation of anti-coagulants C & S (skin necrosis)-> administer heparin cocominantly
|
|
|
zidovudine
|
nucleoside analog, HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor
|
|
|
zolpidem
|
insomnia me, nonbenzo 2-7 days
|
|
|
least sedating TCA
|
desipramine
|
