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17 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Bile Sequestants
*Questran
Colestid
Welchol

***BYPASSES THE LIVER******
***REDUCES CHOLESTEROL*****

-Treat hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia)
-Increase conversion of cholesterol to bile acids and decrease hepatic cholesterol content
-Increases HDL 15-35%

side effets: taste bad, GI disturbances
Niacin
Niacin (Nicobid)

-lower triglycerides
-increase HDL

side effects: Flushing and pruritus in upper torso and face, GI disturbances

****women in menopause shouldn't use****

-take at night
Fibric Acid Derivatives
Clofibrate
Gemfibrozil
Fenofibrate

-used with diet changes to lower both elevated cholesterol and triglycerides
-Increases HDL 15-35%

Side effects: MILD GI disturbances

**When used with a statin may increase adverse effects of statins
HMB-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
*Most widely used lipid-lowering dug**

Atorvastatin
Pravastatin
Simvastatin
Lovastatin

-Treat hyperlipidemia
-bocks synthesis of cholesterol and increase LDL recepors in liver.(therefore liver is able to remove more LDLs from the blood)

side effects: GI disturbances, elevated liver enzymes

**avoid grapefruit juice, monitor liver enzyme levels, and muscle tenderness**
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor
Zetia

-selectively inhibits the absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol across the intestinal wall.
-**When combined with a statin even greater reductions of LDLs were found... but can be used alone in minor cases.
-increases HDL by 4% (not very much)

side effects: infrequent, but may include mild GI distress

**alot of patients opt to try this drug first because it is milder and has less systemic effects**
Beta Adrenergic Blockers
Propranolol
Atenolol
Nadolol
Metoprolol
Esmolol
Pinolol

***Ends in -olol********

-Anginal Prophylaxis
-for Chronic Stable Angina & for patients with hypertention
-Inhibits sympathetic nervous stimulation of the heart.
-Blocks beta receptors in the heart causing: decreased HR, decrease force of contraction, decrease rate AV conduction.
-Reduces oxygen demand

side effects: bradycardia,depression, impotence, Worsening Heart Failure, GI complaints, Cardiac failure, Hypotension, nightmares, fatigue, wheezing, weakness

**clients with Heart Failure, bronchitis, asthma, COPD, renal or hepatic insufficiency have increased likelihood or incurring adverse reactions.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Calan
Nifedpine
Nicardipine
Amlodipine
Diltiazem

***Majority end in -PINE*****

-Anginal prophylaxis
-for Chronic Stable Angina and for patients with hypertension.
-Taken if B-Adrenergic blockers are contraindicted, poorly tolerated, or do not control angina symptoms.
-*Blocks movement of extracellular calcium into cells, causing vasodilation, and decreased HR, contractility, and SVR.

*Limit caffeine consumption
***Avoid GRAPEFRUIT juice with these drug b/c it will increase serum levels causing hypotension.
*high fat meals also elevate serum levels.

side effects: Bradycardia, nausea, headache, dizziness, peripheral edema

*Contraindicted in patients with second or third-degree heart block.
Opiod Analgestics
Morphine

-analgestic & sedative
-vasodilator

****MONITOR RESPIRATIONS****
Antiplatelet Agents
Anticoagulant (Do not rub)

Aspirin
Plavix
Ticlid

-Short term use
-prevention of thrombolytic disorders

Side effects: GI irritation & bleeding, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hemorrhage
Anticoaulants
Heparin
Coumadin
Levanox
Heparin
Anticoagulant

administered SQ or IV as an antagonist (prevention) of the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin

side effects: hemorrhage, agranulocytosis,leukopenia, hepatitis

Antidote to Heparin: PROTAMINE SULFATE

PTT - keep 1.5 to 2.5 times normal control
Warfarin sodium
Anticoagulant

Coumadin

-blocks the formation of prothrombin from vitamin K

side effects: hemorrhage, agranulocytosis,leukopenia, hepatitis

*avoid sudden change in intake of food high in vitamin K.

*PT - keep 1.5 to 2.5 times normal control

*INR - international normalized ratio (reflects how long it takes a blood sample to clot -normal 2-3 seconds)

Antidote - VITAMIN K
Low molecular anticoagulants
Lovenox
Fragmin

-prevention of thrombolytic formation (deep vein)

side effects: GI irritation, bleeding, thrombocytopenia
Fibrinolytic Therapy
streptokinase
Tissue Plasminogen activator (TPA)
Urokinase
Eminase

-breaks up fibrin meshwork in clots
What is ACE?
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme(ACE)

-Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- Angiotensin is formed when the kidneys release renin in response to decrease blood flow
- Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the lungs
- Angiotensin II causes blood vessels to constrict and the kidneys to retain sodium and fluid while excreting potassium (These actions increase circulating fluid and raise the pressure against which the heart must pump, resulting in increased cardiac workload)
ACE Inhibitors
Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril

*****Ends in –PRIL****

-prevents the conversion of angiotensin from I to II
- In the absence of angiotensin II, the blood pressure decreases and the kidneys excrete sodium and fluid (diuresis) so the oxygen demand of the heart is significantly decreased

Side effects: **Cough

*Monitor BP, serum sodium, & potassium levels
Diuretics
Loop Diuretic
Thiazide Diuretic
Potassium-Sparing Diuretic