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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Activated Charcoal - Names
(4) |
Aqua
Acti-dose Liqui-char AC |
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Activated Charcoal - Class
(2) |
adsorbent
antidote |
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Activated Charcoal - Action
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binds and adsorbs toxins, then excretes it in the feces
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Activated Charcoal - Onset
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immediate
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Activated Charcoal - Duration
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continual in the GI tract, reaches equilibrium once saturated
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Activated Charcoal - Indications
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many oral poisons and medication overdoses
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Activated Charcoal - Contraindications
(3) |
corrosives
caustics petroleum distillates (relatively ineffective and may induce vomiting) |
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Activated Charcoal - Side Effects
(2) |
may indirectly induce n/v
may cause constipation or mild, transient diarrhea |
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Activated Charcoal - Drug Interactions
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Syrup of Ipecac (adsorbs by the charcoal and results in vomiting of the charcoal)
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Activated Charcoal - How Supplied
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25 g/125 mL bottle (200 mg/mL)
50 g/250 mL bottle (200 mg/mL) Most products come premixed with water or sorbital. |
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Activated Charcoal - Adult Dose
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30 - 100 g, PO or slow NG or OG tube
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Activated Charcoal - Peds Dose
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15 - 30 g, PO or slow NG or OG tube
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Activated Charcoal - Infant Dose
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1 g/kg, PO or slow NG or OG tube
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Activated Charcoal - Pregnancy Category
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Category C
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Activated Charcoal - Other Notes
(5) |
Frequently given to pregnant women because benefit vs risk is very high. Charcoal remains in GI tract and presents virtually no risk to the fetus.
relatively insoluble in water may blacken feces must be stored in closed container different preparations have varying adsorptive capacity |
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Activated Charcoal - Does Not Adsorb What?
(7) |
phenobarbital
aspirin cyanide lithium iron lead arsenic |
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Aspirin - Action
(4) |
decrease inflammation
blocks pain impulses in the CNS dilates peripheral vessels decreases platelet aggragation |
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Aspirin - Onset
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15 - 30 minutes
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Aspirin - Duration
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4 - 6 hours
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Aspirin - Indications
(3) |
mild to moderate pain or fever
chest pain MI |
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Aspirin - Class
(4) |
analgesic
antiinflammatory antipyretic antiplatelet |
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Aspirin - Contraindications
(5) |
GI bleeding
active ulcers hemmorhagic stroke bleeding disorders children w/flu-like symptoms |
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Aspirin - Side Effects
(4) |
stomach irritation
heartburn/indigestion N/V allergic reactions |
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Aspirin - Drug Interactions
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decreased effects w/antacids & steroids
increased effects w/anticoagulants, insulin, oral hypoglycemics, fibrinolytic agents |
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Aspirin - Adult Dose
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pain/fever: 325 - 650 mg PO q 4 hr
MI: 160 - 325 mg PO |
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Aspirin - Peds Dose
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> 12 yo only
40 - 100 mg/kg/day in divided doses |
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Aspirin - Pregnancy Class
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Class D
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Aspirin - Other Notes
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should be given to AMI patient ASAP
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Oxygen - Class
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natural gas
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Oxygen - Action
(3) |
reverses hypoxemia
helps oxidize glucose to produce ATP helps reduce size of infarcted tissue during MI |
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Oxygen - Onset
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Immediate
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Oxygen - Duration
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< 2 minutes
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Oxygen - Indications
(4) |
hypoxia
ischemic chest pain respiratory insufficiency any cause of decreased tissue oxygenation |
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Oxygen - Contraindications
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None
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Oxygen - Side Effects
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may cause respiratory depression and depressed LOC in patients with chronic CO2 retention
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Oxygen - Dose
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10 - 15 L/min via non-rebreather mask
1 - 4 L/min via NC |
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Oxygen - Other Notes
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no pregnancy class
vigorously supports combustions |
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Glucose - Names
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Glutose
Insta-Glucose |
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Glucose - Actions
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Increases blood glucose level
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Glucose - Indications
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altered mental status from suspected low blood glucose level
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Glucose - Contraindications
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unresponsive
unable to swallow no gag reflex |
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Glucose - Side Effects
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none when given properly
may be aspirated if given to patients without a gag reflex |
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Glucose - Adult Dose
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Full tube given in small doses (25-50 gm) - standing order
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Glucose - Class
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carbohydrate
antihypoglycemic agent |
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Glucose - Peds Dose
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0.5 gm/kg in small doses - standing order
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Glucose - Onset
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1 minute
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Glucose - Duration
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Depends on the degree of hypoglycemia
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Ipecac - Class
(2) |
emetic
antidote |
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Ipecac - Action
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acts as a local irritant on the gastric mucose and on emetic centers of the brain
vomiting induced by ipecac occurs in 80-90% of patients |
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Ipecac - Onset
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generally 15 - 20 minutes
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Ipecac - Duration
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up to 1 - 2 hours
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Ipecac - Indications
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acute oral drug or toxin overdose in alert patients
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Ipecac - Contraindications
(7) |
Same as charcoal + these -
tricyclic antidepressant OD camphor ingestion unprotected airway no gag reflex children < 1 year old upper GI bleed |
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Ipecac - Side effects
(3) |
prolonged vomiting
muscle aches & weakness drowsiness |
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Ipecac - Drug interactions
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activated charcoal adsorbs ipecac
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Ipecac - How supplied
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10 mL & 15 mL vials
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Ipecac - Adult dose
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15 - 30 mL PO followed by 3 - 4 glasses of water, may repeat with 15 mL once in 20 min if ineffective
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Ipecac - Peds dose
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(1 - 12 years)
5 - 15 ml PO followed by 1.5 - 2 glasses of water, may repeat with 15 mL once in 20 min if ineffective |
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Ipecac - Pregnancy Class
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Class C
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Ipecac - Notes
(3) |
90% of patients vomit within 30 minutes (avg time 20 min)
save emesis sample for evaluation patients usually vomit 2 - 3 times per dose over 1 - 2 periods. Keep pt awake NPO for 2 hr |
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Albuterol - Name
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Proventil
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Albuterol - Class
(3) |
sympathomimetic
bronchodilator beta-2 agonist |
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Albuterol - Action
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relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature by stimulating adrenergic receptors of the sympathetic nervous system.
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Albuterol - Onset
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5 - 15 minutes after inhalation
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Albuterol - Duration
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3 - 4 hours after inhalation
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Albuterol - Indications
(2) |
bronchospasms
prevents exercise induced bronchospasms |
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Albuterol - Contraindications
(2) |
prior sensitivity to albuterol
cardiac dysrhythmias associated with tachycardia |
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Albuterol - Side effects
(6) |
(Usually dose related)
restlessness apprehension dizziness palpitations tachycardia dysrhythmias |
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Albuterol - Drug interactions
(3) |
antidepressants may potentiate vasodilation
beta-blockers may antagonize albuterol may potentiate diuretic-induced hypokalemia |
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Albuterol - Adult Dose
(2) |
metered dose inhaler: 1 - 2 inhalations (90 - 180 mcg), repeat in 4 - 6 hours (5 minutes between inhalations); max 12 inhalations/day
solution: 2.5 mg diluted to 3 mL with 0.9% NS viz nebulizer over 5 - 15 min |
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Albuterol - Peds dose
(2) |
Metered dose inhaler: same as adults
solution: 0.01 - 0.03 mL/kg/dose diluted in 2 mL of 0.9% NS via nebulizer (max dose 0.5 mL/dose) |
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Albuterol - Pregnancy class
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Class C
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Ipratropium - Name
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Atrovent
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Atrovent - Class
(2) |
anticholinergic
bronchodilator |
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Atrovent - Action
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inhibits interaction of acetylcholine on bronchial smooth muscle, resulting in decreased cyclic guanosine monophosphate and bronchodilation
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Atrovent - Onset
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5 - 15 minutes
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Atrovent - Duration
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4 - 6 hours
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Atrovent - Indications
(2) |
persistent bronchospasm
COPD exacerbation |
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Atrovent - Contraindications
(5) |
hypersensitivity to:
ipratropium atropine alkaloid soybean protein peanuts |
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Atrovent - Side effects
(6) |
N/V
coughing headache tachycardia dry mouth blurred vision |
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Atrovent - Drug interactions
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None
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Atrovent - Adult & Peds (> 12 yo) dose
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1 - 2 inhalations (18 - 36 mcg)
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Atrovent - Pregnancy class
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Class B
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Diphenhydramine - Name
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Benadryl
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Benadryl - Class
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antihistamine
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Benadryl - Action
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prevents physiological actions of histamine by blocking H-1 and H-2 receptor sites
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Benadryl - Onset
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max effects 1 - 3 hours
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Benadryl - Duration
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6 - 12 hours
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Benadryl - Indications
(3) |
moderate to severe allergic reactions (after epi)
anaphylaxis acute extrapyramidal reactions |
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Benadryl - Contraindications
(4) |
MAOI's
hypersensitivity narrow angle glaucoma (relative) newborns/nursing mothers |
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Benadryl - Side effects
(9) |
drowsiness
hypotension palpitations tachycardia bradycardia thickening of bronchial secretions paradoxical excitement in children |
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Benadryl - Drug interactions
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CNS depressants may increase depressant effects
MAOIs may prolong and intensify anticholinergic effects of antihistamines |
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Benadryl - Adult dose
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10 - 50 mg IM/IV every 6 - 8 hours (max: 400 mg/day)
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Benadryl - Peds dose
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( > 10 kg only )
1.25 mg/kg/dose, repeat in 6 hours (max: 300 mg/day) |
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Benadryl - Pregnancy class
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Category C
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