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136 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Paracetamol Indications |
- Mild to moderate pain, usually with other medicines - Severe pain with other medicines, particularly when transport time is long |
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Paracetamol Contraindications |
- Known severe allergy |
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Paracetamol Cautions |
- Taken in the past 4 hours - Abdominal pain - Known severe liver disease |
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Paracetamol MOA |
- Inhibits the production of prostaglandins, resulting in reduced pain and fever |
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Paracetamol Route |
Oral (PO) |
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Paracetamol Repeat |
No |
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Paracetamol Dose |
- 1000mg - 1500mg for >80kg |
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Paracetamol Side Effects |
None |
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Ibuprofen Indications |
- Mild pain, usually with paracetamol - Moderate to severe pain with other medicines, usually for long transport time |
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Ibuprofen Contraindications |
- Known severe allergy - Third trimester pregnancy |
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Ibuprofen Cautions |
- Taken in the past 4 hours - Age 75 or older - Known renal impairment - Clinically significant bleeding - Known worsening of bronchospasm with NSAIDS - Pregnancy - Abdominal pain - Dehydration or shock - Known bleeding disorder - Taking warfarin |
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Ibuprofen MOA |
Ibuprofen is a NSAID used to treat pain. It inhibits activity of the prostaglandin synthetase, reducing prostaglandin production causing reduction in inflammation, pain, and fever |
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Ibuprofen Route |
Oral (PO) |
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Ibuprofen Repeat |
None |
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Ibuprofen Dose |
- 400mg - 600mg for >80kg |
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Ibuprofen side effects |
- Renal impairment - Increased bleeding |
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Aspirin Indications |
- Myocardial Ischaemia |
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Aspirin Contraindications |
- Known severe allergy - Third trimester of pregnancy |
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Aspirin Cautions |
- Known bleeding disorder - Clinically significant bleeding - Known worsening of bronchospasm with NSAIDs |
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Aspirin MOA |
- Has antiplatelet, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects - Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), causing reduction in production of prostaglandins and thormboxane |
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Aspirin Route |
Oral (PO) |
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Aspirin Repeat |
None |
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Aspirin Dose |
300mg |
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Aspirin Side Effects |
- Increased bleeding |
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Loratadine Indications |
- Minor allergic reaction confined to skin involvement - Prominent itch associated with anaphylaxis, provided all systemic signs of anaphylaxis have resolved |
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Loratadine Contraindications |
- Known severe allergy - Age less than 1 year |
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Loratadine Cautions |
- Pregnancy |
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Loratadine MOA |
Non-sedating antihistamine which antagonises (blocks) peripheral histamine receptors, reducing itching and redness |
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Loratadine Route |
Oral (PO) |
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Loratadine Repeat |
None |
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Loratadine Dose |
10mg |
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Loratadine Side Effects |
None |
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Prednisone Indications |
- Bronchospasm associated with asthma/COPD - Croup - Prominent rash from anaphylaxis provided all systemic signs of anaphylaxis have resolved - Minor allergy associated with rash |
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Prednisone Contraindications |
- Known severe allergy |
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Prednisone Cautions |
- Age less than 5 years with asthma |
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Prednisone MOA |
- Metabolised to prednisolone in the liver - A corticosteroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant mediators. Inhibits production of inflammatory mediators |
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Prednisone Route |
Oral (PO) |
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Prednisone Repeat |
None |
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Prednisone Dose |
40mg |
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Prednisone Side Effects |
- Fatigue - Sodium/water retention - Gastrointestinal reflux |
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GTN Patch Indications |
- CPO not rapidly responding to GTN spray - Control of hypertension associated with autonomic dysreflexia not rapidly responding to GTN spray - Control of hypertension prior to fibrynolysis for STEMI - Control of hypertension during inter hospital transfer for STEMI - Control of hypertension during IHT for stroke clot retrieval |
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GTN Patch Contraindications |
- Known severe allergy - Heart rate <40/min - Heart rate >150/min - Systolic BP <100mmHg - Ventricular tachycardia |
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GTN Patch Cautions |
- STEMI, particularly with right ventricle involvement - Pt is small, frail, or physiologically unstable - Poor perfusion - Dysrhythmias - Medicine for erectile dysfunction in past 24 hours - Known aortic/mitral stenosis |
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GTN Patch MOA |
Vasodilator which acts on vascular smooth muscle to cause venous and arterial vasodilation, predominantly on veins |
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GTN Patch Route |
Transdermal |
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GTN Patch Repeat |
None |
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GTN Patch Dose |
Patch releases approx 0.5mg per hour |
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GTN Patch Side Effects |
- Headache - Hypotension - Flushing - Tachycardia - Light-headedness |
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GTN Spray Indications |
- Myocardial ischaemia - CPO - Control of hypertension associated with autonomic dysreflexia - Control of hypertension prior to fibrynolitic treatment for STEMI - Control of hypertension during inter-hospital transfer for STEMI |
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GTN Spray Contraindications |
- Known severe allergy - Heart rate <40/min - Heart rate >150/min - Systolic BP <100mmHg - Ventricular tachycardia |
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GTN Spray Cautions |
- STEMI, particularly with right ventricle involvement - Pt is small, frail, or physiologically unstable - Dysrhythmias - Medicine for erectile dysfunction in past 24 hours - Known aortic or mitral stenosis |
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GTN Spray MOA |
Vasodilator which acts on vascular smooth muscle to cause venous and arterial vasodilation, with predominant effect being on veins |
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GTN Spray Route |
Sublingual |
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GTN Spray Repeat |
Every 3-5 mins for myocardial ischaemia or CPO, increasing to 10 mins of caution is present - Every 3-5 mins for control of hypertension |
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GTN Spray Dose |
- 0.4mg - 0.8mg for CPO |
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GTN Spray Side Effects |
- Headache - Hypotension - Flushing - Tachycardia - Light-headedness |
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Nebulised Adrenaline Indications |
- Moderate to severe stridor |
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Nebulised Adrenaline Contraindications |
None |
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Nebulised Adrenaline Contraindications |
None |
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Nebulised Adrenaline MOA |
- Stimulates adrenoreceptors A1, B1, B2 - A1 for smooth muscle contraction and vasoconstriction - B1 for increased cardiac contractility, electrical conduction and heart rate - B2 for smooth muscle relaxation, skeletal muscle vasodilation, bronchodilation, and stabilisation of mast cells - Primary target for nebulised adrenaline is bronchodilation and smooth muscle relaxation |
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Nebulised Adrenaline Route |
Nebulised |
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Nebulised Adrenaline Repeat |
Every 10 mins as required |
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Nebulised Adrenaline Dose |
5mg/5ml |
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Nebulised Adrenaline Side Effects |
- Tachycardia - Myocardial ischaemia - Hypertension - Tremor/anxiety/sweating - Tachydysrhythmias - Ventricular ectopy - Nausea/vomiting - Hyperglycaemia |
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IM Adrenaline Indications |
- Anaphylaxis - Severe asthma |
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IM Adrenaline Contraindications |
None |
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IM Adrenaline Cautions |
- Myocardial ischaemia - Tachydysrhythmias |
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IM Adrenaline MOA |
- Stimulates A1, B1, B2 receptors - A1 for smooth muscle contraction, vasoconstriction - B1for increased cardiac contractility, heart rate - B2 for smooth muscle relaxation, skeletal muscle vasodilation, bronchodilation, stabilisation of mast cells |
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IM Adrenaline Route |
Intramuscular |
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IM Adrenaline Repeat |
- Every 10 mins if deteriorating for asthma - Every 5 mins if deteriorating for anaphylaxis, every 10 mins if not improving |
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IM Adrenaline Dose |
0.5mg/0.5ml |
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IM Adrenaline Side Effects |
- Tachycardia - Tachydysrhythmia - Myocardial ischaemia - Ventricular ectopy - Hypertension - Nausea/vomiting - Tremor/anxiety/sweating - Hypergylcaemia |
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IN Adrenaline Indications |
- Mild epistaxis if bleeding is not controlled with firm pressure for 15 mins - Moderate to severe epistaxis |
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IN Adrenaline Contraindications |
None |
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IN Adrenaline Cautions |
- Myocardial ischaemia - Tachydysrhythmias |
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IN Adrenaline MOA |
- Stimulates adrenoreceptors A1, B1, B2 - A1 for smooth muscle contractions, vasoconstriction - B1 for increased cardiac contractility, heart rate - B2 for smooth muscle relaxations, skeletal muscle vasodilation, bronchodilation, stabilisation of mask cells - Primary target being A1 for vasoconstriction |
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IN Adrenaline Route |
Intranasal |
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IN Adrenaline Repeat |
After 20 mins if bleeding doesn’t stop or recurs |
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IN Adrenaline Dose |
- 0.2mg to 1:10,000 solution per nostril - 1mg ampoule drawn up with 9ml saline, 2ml of solution per nostril |
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IN Adrenaline Side Effects |
- Tachycardia - Tachydysrhythmia - Myocardial ischaemia - Ventricular ectopy - Hypertension - Nausea/vomiting - Tremor/anxiety/sweating - Hyperglycaemia |
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Topical Adrenaline Indications |
- Clinically significant bleeding from wounds |
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Topical Adrenaline Contraindications |
None |
Za |
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Topical Adrenaline Cautions |
- Myocardial ischaemia - Tachydysrhythmia |
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Topical Adrenaline MOA |
- Stimulates adrenoreceptors A1, B1, B2 - A1 for smooth muscle contractions, vasoconstriction - B1 for increased cardiac contractility, heart rate - B2 for smooth muscle relaxations, skeletal muscle vasodilation, bronchodilation, stabilisation of mask cells - Primary target being A1 for vasoconstriction |
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Topical Adrenaline Route |
Topical |
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Topical Adrenaline Repeat |
As required (PRN) |
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Topical Adrenaline Dose |
- 2mg-5mg, always 1:10,000 - For example, 2mg adrenaline diluted in 18ml saline (1:10,000) |
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IN Adrenaline Side Effects |
- Tachycardia - Tachydysrhythmia - Myocardial ischaemia - Hypertension - Ventricular ectopy - Nausea/vomiting - Tremor/anxiety/sweating - Hyperglycaemia |
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Nebulised Salbutamol Indications |
- Bronchospasm secondary to asthma/COPD - Prominent bronchospasm secondary to airway burns, smoke inhalation, chest infection - Release syndrome following crush injury |
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Nebulised Salbutamol contraindications |
- Known severe allergy |
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Nebulised Salbutamol Cautions |
None |
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Nebulised Salbutamol MOA |
Bronchodilatior, stimulates B2 receptors (smooth muscle relaxation, skeletal muscle vasodilation, bronchodilation, stabilisation of mast cells) |
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Nebulised Salbutamol Route |
Nebulised |
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Nebulised Salbutamol Repeat |
As required (no max dose) |
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Nebulised Salbutamol Dose |
5mg/2.5ml |
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Nebulised Salbutamol Side Effects |
- Tremor - Tachycardia |
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Nebulised Ipratropium Indications |
- Bronchospasm secondary to asthma/COPD - Bronchospasm secondary to airway burns, smoke inhalation, chest infection |
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Nebulised ipratropium Contraindications |
- Known severe allergy |
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Nebulised ipratropium Cautions |
None |
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Nebulised ipratropium MOA |
- Bronchodilator - Anticholinergenic agent with antimuscarinic activity. Antagonises (blocks) acetylcholine receptors causing vagal inhibition resulting in bronchodilation |
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Nebulised Ipratropium Route |
Nebulised |
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Nebulised Ipratropium Repeat |
None |
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Nebulised Ipratropium Dose |
0.5mg/2ml |
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Nebulised Ipratropium Side Effects |
- Tremor - Dry mouth - Blurred vision |
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IM Ondansetron Indications |
- Clinically significant nausea/vomiting |
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IM Ondansetron Contraindications |
- Known severe allergy - Age <1 year |
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IM Ondansetron Cautions |
None |
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IM Ondansetron MOA |
Antagonises (blocks) serotonin receptors centrally in the brain and peripherally in the GI tract, causing reduction in nausea/vomiting |
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IM Ondansetron Route |
Intramuscular |
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IM Ondansetron Repeat |
Once after 20 mins |
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IM Ondansetron Dose |
4mg/2ml |
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IM Ondansetron Side Effects |
- Headache - Flushing |
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Methoxyflurane Indications |
- Moderate to severe pain when IV analgesia is not available - Moderate to severe pain when IV analgesia is not appropriate to administer |
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Methoxyflurane Contraindications |
- Known severe allergy - Personal or family history of malignant hyperthermia - Known renal impairment - Unable to obey commands - Had Methoxyflurane in the past week |
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Methoxyflurane Cautions |
- 75 years or older - Pre-eclampsia - Administration within a confined space |
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Methoxyflurane MOA |
MOA is unclear, however Methoxyflurane is an inhaled analgesic used to relieve pain |
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Methoxyflurane Route |
Inhaled |
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Methoxyflurane Repeat |
Once if pt is 12 years or older |
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Methoxyflurane Dose |
3ml undiluted |
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Methoxyflurane Side Effects |
- Sedation - Light-headedness |
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Glucose Gel Inidications |
- Hypoglycaemia in adults/children provided they are able to swallow - Hypoglycaemia in neonates |
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Glucose Gel Contraindications |
None |
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Glucose Gel Cautions |
None |
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Glucose Gel MOA |
Source of glucose which is easily swallowed and quickly absorbed |
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Glucose Gel Route |
Oral (PO) |
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Glucose Gel Repeat |
Every 10 mins as required |
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Glucose Gel Dose |
10-20g (1 sachet, 18g) |
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Glucose Gel Side Effects |
None |
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Glucagon Indications |
Hypoglycaemia where the patient cannot swallow and IV access is unavailable |
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Glucagon Contraindications |
Known severe allergy |
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Glucagon Cautions |
None |
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Glucagon MOA |
Stimulates glycogenolysis within the liver, breaking down glycogen into glucagon which is released into the bloodstream |
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Glucagon Route |
Intramuscular |
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Glucagon Repeat |
None |
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Glucagon Dose |
- 1mg/1ml - 0.5mg for under 5 years old |
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Glucagon side effects |
None |
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