Drug Therapy For Gi Problems

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5HT3-Receptor Antagonists

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Drugs that work against nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy treatments.

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Adsorbent/absorbent Drugs

Back 2

Drugs that remove substances that cause diarrhea from the body.

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Anticholinergic Drugs

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Drugs that inhibit pathways of the vomiting reflex; they stop stop intestinal cramping and inhibit vestibular input (balance and position) into the Central Nervous System (CNS).

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Antidiarrheal Drugs

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Drugs that relieve or control diarrhea or some of the symptoms that go with diarrhea.

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Antiemetic Drugs

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Drugs that prevent or control nausea and vomiting.

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Antihistamines

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Drugs that work against nausea and vomiting caused by opiate drugs or motion; they block the action of histamines (a compound released in allergic inflammatory reactions) at the H1 receptor sites.

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Antimotility Drugs

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Drugs that slow down peristalsis (movement) in the GI track, used to treat diarrhea.

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Antisecretory Drugs

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Drugs that inhibit secretory actions in the GI track, used to treat diarrhea.

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Constipation

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A condition in which bowel movements happen less frequently than is normal for an individual or the stool is small, hard, and difficult or painful to pass.

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Diarrhea

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Frequent watery bowel movements.

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Dopamine Antagonists

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Drugs that directly block dopamine from binding to receptors in the chemotrigger zone and the intestinal tract, causing food to move more quickly through the GI tract.

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Laxatives

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Drugs used to produce bowel movements and relieve constipation.

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Lubricants

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An oily or slippery substance that can help make bowel movements easier.

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Nausea

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The state that precedes vomiting; the urge to vomit brought on by many causes such as influenza, medications, pain, and inner ear disease.

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Phenothiazines

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Drugs that block dopamine receptors in the chemotrigger zone of the brain; this action inhibits one or more of the vomiting reflex pathways.

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Stool softeners

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A laxative that adds fluid to stool, softening it to make bowel movements easier.

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Vomiting

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The forcing of stomach contents up through the esophagus and out through the mouth.

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Common side effects of Antiemetic Drugs

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Dizziness and drowsiness (Most Common)

Fatigue, headache, blurred vision, constipation, dry mouth

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What food or drinks should be avoided with Antiemetic Drugs?

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Alcohol

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What are some of the caution with Antiemetic drugs?

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Caution with pregnancy & lactation, older and younger patients

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Common causes of Constipation

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Low fiber diet

Lack of physical activity

Low fluid intake

Delaying going to the bathroom when urge is felt

Stress, travel, and other changes in bowel habits

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Drugs for constipation

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Emollients/Stool softeners- Docusate

Stimulants- Bisacodyl, Castor oil

Osmotic- Lactulose, Milk of Mag

Lubricants- Glycerin, Suppository, Mineral oil orally

Bulk Forming- Increase stool mass and stimulate peristalsis

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How are laxatives supposed to used?

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Laxatives are not meant for long term use except for Bulk forming laxatives such as psyllium

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What are some cautions with drugs for constipation?

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Stimulants can become habit forming and can be toxic in higher doses

Diet, fluids and physical activity are important in maintaining health

Constipation is common in older adults, changing habits can be difficult

Some drugs can cause constipation, check current drug regime

Front 25

Drugs for diarrhea

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Antimotility

Adsorbents/absorbent

Antisecretory

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Antimotility

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Slow the movement of stool through bowel

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Adsorbents/absorbent

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Remove substances that cause diarrhea from the body

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Antisecretory

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Decrease secretion of intestinal fluids and slow bacterial activity

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Most common side effect of drugs for diarrhea

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Constipation

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Patient Teaching for diarrhea

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Notify prescriber if diarrhea is not relieved in 2 days after medication.

Avoid the use of alcohol and CNS depressants while taking meds for diarrhea.

Dehydration can cause a woman to go into early labor.

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What are signs of dehydration?

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Skin turgor

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Types of Phenothiazines

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Promethazines

Prochlorperazine

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Types Of Anticholinergics

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Scopolamine

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Types of Antihistamines

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Cyclizine (Marezine)

Meclizine (Antivert)

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Types of 5HT3- Receptor Antagonists

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Granisetron (kytril)

Ondansetron (Zofran)

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Types of Dopamine Antagonists

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Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Trimethobenzamide (Tigan)

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What drugs for constipation should you not use during pregnancy?

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Sodium phosphate (fleet enema) and lubiprostone (Amitiza)

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Pediatric considerations for constipation

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Doses of drugs for constipation given to children 6 to 12 years of age are generally half of the adult dose but should be given with 8 ounces of fluid.