Drug Mechanisms

Front 1

heparin

Back 1

activates antithrombin III,
decreases thrombin and Xa

Front 2

lepirudin

Back 2

directly inhibits thrombin

Front 3

warfarin/coumadin

Back 3

inhibits vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X and proteit C adn S

Affects EXtrinsic pathway and increases PT.

Long half life

(the EX-PaTrio went to WAR(farin)

Front 4

streptokinase

Back 4

aids conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

and therefore plasmin to thrombin,

thus breaking down fibrin clots

Increases PT and PTT
No change in platelet count

Front 5

urokinase

Back 5

aids conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

and therefore plasmin to thrombin,

thus breaking down fibrin clots

Increases PT and PTT
No change in platelet count

Front 6

tPA

Back 6

aids conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

and therefore plasmin to thrombin,

thus breaking down fibrin clots

Increases PT and PTT
No change in platelet count

Front 7

anistreplase

Back 7

aids conversion of plasminogen to plasmin

and therefore plasmin to thrombin,

thus breaking down fibrin clots

Increases PT and PTT
No change in platelet count

Front 8

lepirudin

Back 8

directly inhibits thrombin

Front 9

bivalirudin

Back 9

directly inhibits thrombin

Front 10

enoxaparin

Back 10

acts more on Xa than heparin, with goal of inhibiting thrombin

Front 11

protamine sulfate

Back 11

positively charged molecule that binds negatively charged heparin to reverse heparinization

Front 12

Aspirin

Back 12

acetylates/inhibits Cox 1 and COX 2 to prevent conversion of arachidonic acid to thromboxane A2

Front 13

Clopidogrel

Back 13

(platelet interaction mechanism)

blocks ADP receptors to inhibit platelet aggregation.

Prevents glycoprotein IIb/IIIa expression to inhibit fibrinogen binding fibrinogen

Front 14

ticlopidine

Back 14

(platelet interaction mechanism)

blocks ADP receptors to inhibit platelet aggregation.

Prevents glycoprotein IIb/IIIa expression to inhibit fibrinogen binding fibrinogen

Front 15

abciximab

Back 15

monoclonal Ab that binds to the glycoprotein receptor IIb/IIIa on activated platelets and thereby prevents aggregation

Front 16

methotrexate

Back 16

decreases thymidine synthesis

Front 17

5-FU

Back 17

S phase, thymidines

complexes folic acid and inhibits thymidylate synthase, thus decreasing thymidine synthesis and thereby inhibiting S cycle

Front 18

6-MP

Back 18

blocks purine synthesis and thereby inhibits S

Front 19

cytarabine (ara C)

Back 19

inhibits DNA polymerase

Front 20

cyclophosphamide

Back 20

alkylator

xlinks DNA at guanin N-7

Front 21

ifosfamide

Back 21

alkylator

xlinks DNA at guanin N-7

Front 22

nitrosoureas (carmustine, lomustine, semustine, stretozocin)

Back 22

alkylates DNA.

Can cross teh BBB

Front 23

cisplatin and carboplatin

Back 23

act like alkylators

Front 24

busulfan

Back 24

alkylates DNA

Front 25

doxorubicin (adriamycin)

Back 25

generates free radicals that noncovalently (vs alkylation) intercalate in DNA creating breaks and blocking replication

Front 26

daunorubicin

Back 26

generates free radicals that noncovalently (vs alkylation) intercalate in DNA creating breaks and blocking replication

Front 27

dactinomycin (actinomycin D)

Back 27

intercalates in DNA

Front 28

bleomycin

Back 28

induces free radicals, which break DNA strands

Front 29

hydroxyurea

Back 29

S specific

inhibits Ribonucleotide Reductase which blocks DNA Synthesis in S

(RRSS)

Front 30

etoposide (VP-16)

Back 30

G2 phase specific

inhibits topoisomerase II and increases DNA degradation

Front 31

prednisone

Back 31

may inhibit apoptosis
may work on non-dividing cells

Front 32

tamoxifen

Back 32

blocks binding of estrogen to estrogen receptor-positive cells

Front 33

raloxifene

Back 33

blocks binding of estrogen to estrogen receptor-positive cells

Front 34

trastuzumab (herceptin)

Back 34

monoclonal Ab against HER-2 (erb-B2)

helps kill breast cancer cells that overexpress HER-2, possibly thruogh antibody-dependent cytotoxicity

Front 35

imatinib (Gleevec)

Back 35

philadelphia chromosome bcr-abl TK inhibitor

Front 36

vincristine, vinblastine

Back 36

M-phase

alkaloids that bind to tubulin and block polymerization of microtubules so that mitotic spindle cannot form.

(microtubules are the VINES of your cells)

Front 37

Paclitaxel and other taxols

Back 37

M phase specific

bind tubulin and hyperstabilize polymerized microtubules so that spindles can't break down.

Blocks anaphase (whereas the alkaloids block spindle formation)

Front 38

Flutamide

Back 38

binds androgen receptor to inhibit testosterone binding and inhibit DNA synthesis

Front 39

Leuprolide

Back 39

GnRH analog?

Front 40

S phase specifice

Back 40

methotrexate
5-FU
hydroxyureas

Front 41

G2 specific

Back 41

etoposide
bleomycin

Front 42

M specific

Back 42

vinca alkaloids
taxols