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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients, while integrating clinical experience with the best available evidence from systematic research |
evidence-based medicine (EBM) |
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document and communicate experience; share ideas, programs, treatments, unusual events, and observations; begin research for explanations |
descriptive evidence |
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examine etiology, cause, efficacy, using the strategy of comparisons |
explanatory evidence |
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evaluate efficacy of therapeutic, educational, administrative interventions; investigator controls allocation |
experimental evidence |
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seek causes, etiologies, predictors, better diagnosis; investigator observes nature |
observational evidence |
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descriptive articles |
case series/reports |
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explanatory studies |
experimental studies and observational studies |
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experimental studies |
randomized controlled trails (RCT) |
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observational studies |
cohort studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional/surveys |
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goal is to document events, observation, and activities |
descriptive articles |
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it worked on one patient |
case report |
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it worked on a bunch of patients |
case series |
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predictor variable; variable which precedes and is presumed to cause or be associated with the outcome |
independent variable |
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outcome variable; the response to the independent variable |
dependent variable |
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strongest design to determine cause and effect; participants receive an interventional; evaluate efficacy of therapeutic, educational, administrative interventions |
experimental: randomized controlled trials (RCT) |
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investigators observe the events without any intervention; establish etiologies, predictors, better diagnosis |
observational: cohort, case-control, cross sectional/survey studies |
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half get drug, half get placebo; the "gold standard" for comparing interventions |
randomized controlled trials (RCT) |
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a group of subjects initially identified as having one or more characteristics in common who are followed over time in an effort to determine the factors leading to different outcomes; commonly prospective but can be retrospective |
cohort (follow-up studies) |
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the number of new events by the number of individuals being observed |
relative risk (RR) |
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a group of people with a disorder (cases) and a group of people free of the disorder (controls) are compared to determine whether differences in the groups' previous exposures, experiences, risk factors, etc could explain their different outcomes; retrospective only; conducted on rare diseases or condition to determine a common factor in th past that can be associated with a disease or condition |
case-control studies |
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the event odds in the cases divided by the event odds in the control group |
odds ratio (OR) |
