Drug List

Front 1

Inosine

Back 1

drug that preserves the quality of blood being kept in storage (blood loses its O2 carrying capacity from being stored in a blood bank -> (nucleoside containing adenine and ribose); increases blood quality

Front 2

Nitric oxide

Back 2

When blood loses its O2 carrying capacity from being stored in a blood bank -> increases blood quality

Front 3

insulin

Back 3

*during hyperglycemia it is a hormone that causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle

*helps decrease blood glucose levels

*inhibits release of glucagon

Front 4

Quinolones
Ex: ciprofloaxacin

Back 4

DNA gyrase inhibitors are useful antibiotics; traps a ternary drug-topoisomerase-DNA complex, cellular processes convert into an irreversible letha DNA lesion ->apoptosis

Prevents religating of DNA so you have a permanent double strand break

*CANT TREAT ANTHRAX but can treat symptoms, deep infections


UTI, prostatis, gastroenteritis, nosocomial infections, STI’s

Front 5

Etoposide & ciprofloxacin

Back 5

Inhibits DNA re-ligation after strand translocation which also hinders replication

Front 6

fluoroquinolone

Back 6

Inhibits DNA gyrase, stopping strand unwinding and hindering replication

Front 7

epipodophyllotoxins

Back 7

Poison eukaryotic topo II

Drugs that interfere with eukaryotic topoisonmerases to prevent dna replication and act as anti-cancer agents

Cancer treatment, leukemia, lung,, testis, ovary

Front 8

Camptothecin,
topotecan

Back 8

-Poison eukaryotic topo I

fluoroquinolone
Drugs that interfere with eukaryotic topoisonmerases to prevent dna replication and act as anti-cancer agents

-Topotecan is active as a single agent in
Ovarian cancer, small-cell and non-small cell lung cancer, acute myelocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes

Front 9

actinomycins

Back 9

Prevents replication by preventing formation of regions of ssDNA, inhibits the action of topoisomerase II thereby preventing the removal of supercoils, inhibiting RNA transcription – cell replication requires the synthesis of specific RNA’s and protein at definite times in the cell cycle

Front 10

Actinomycin D

Back 10

Chemotherapy drug

Used for wilm tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, Kaposi sarcoma, gestational trophoblastic tumors, testicular cancer

Front 11

Tetracyclines:

Tetracycline, oxytetracyclin, doxycyclin, demeclocycline, lymecycline & minocycline

Back 11

Family of broad spectrum of antibiotics;

Inhibits translation
Interacts with 30s and 40s small ribosomal subunits blocking access and therefore binding the amino-acyl tRNA to the A site


Effectiveness lies in that they are selectively concentrated by bacteria and NOT by mammalian cells

Front 12

puromycin

Back 12

Analogue of aminoacyl-tRNA, once incorporated into the growing peptide chain, it causes premature chain termination and elongation

Active in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Front 13

chloramphenicol

Back 13

Binds to 50s ribosomes and inhibits peptidyl transferase activity, prevents bond formation, and thus prevents elongation

This drug can be inactivated by chloamphenicol acetyltransferase produced by resistant strains

Front 14

erythromycin

Back 14

Inhibits translocation/elongation; binds irreversibly to 50s ribosome, blocks translocation by EF-G preventing elongation

Not effective against gram-negative bacteria; resistance can occur through plasmid controlled alteration of binding site for erythromycin on the ribosome; good for brain abcyss, gets deep into tissues

Front 15

Streptomycin & aminoglycosides

Includes:
Gentamicin,
Amikacin,
Tobramycin,
Netilmicin,
neomycin

Back 15

Binds to 30s subunit, distorting its structure, prevents binding of fmet-tRNA to the p-site of ribosomes, inhibits initiation – changes A to G in point mutation (polymorphism), higher affinity of aminoglycosides for the host mitochondrial ribosome, protein production in mitochondria is inhibited

Front 16

Streptomycin and other aminoglycosides

Back 16

Prevents binding of fmet-tRNA to the p site of ribosomes, causes midreading of mRNA

Front 17

tetracyclines

Back 17

Prevents aminoacyl-tRNAs beinding in the A site

Front 18

chloramphenicol

Back 18

Interferes with peptidyl transferase activity of the 50s ribosome, preventing peptide bond formation

Front 19

erythromycin

Back 19

Blocks translocation by binding to the 50s subunit of prokaryotes

Front 20

puromycin

Back 20

An analogue of aminoacyl-tRNA that causes premature chain termination

Front 21

puromycin

Back 21

An analogue of aminoacyl-tRNA that causes premature chain termination

Front 22

disulfiram

Back 22

Aversion therapy for alcoholism; how it works: acetaldehyde accumulates in tissues causing vomiting, hopefully leading to alcohol avoidance

Front 23

aspirin

Back 23

Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes irreversibly by acetylating the Ser530 OH group, which prevents arachiodonic acid from reaching the active site

Front 24

statin

Back 24

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, lower cholesterol levels by stopping producting in the liver

Front 25

Azidothymidine (AZT)

Back 25

Nucleotide analogue of thymine, used in AIDS treatment; it inhibits viral reverse transcriptases but does NOT interact with human DNA polymerases

Front 26

Captopril

1) Disorder/how drug treats it?
2) Symptoms of disorder/application?

Back 26

1) Competitive inhibitor of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) which is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II; reduces hypertension (high blood pressure)

2)

Front 27

allopurinol

1) Disorder/how drug treats it?
2) Symptoms of disorder/application?

Back 27

1) Treats hyperuricemia (excess uric acid in blood) - cancer, gout, irreversible suicide inhibitor

2)

Front 28

Ziduvudine

1) Disorder/how drug treats it?
2) Symptoms of disorder/application?

Back 28

1) Utilized by viral reverse transcriptase, upon incorporation into d.s. DNA chain termination occurs due to lack of 3’OH

Doesn’t kill infection but prevents/decreases progression



Anti-viral Nucleoside analogues: Viral reverse transcriptase inhibitors

2) Prolongs life of HIV infected individuals, diminishes HIV associated dementia, reduce mother to baby transmission by more than 20%

Front 29

Systemic Lupus Erythematosis

1) Disorder/how drug treats it?
2) Symptoms of disorder/application?

Back 29

1) Autoimmune disease with multiple symptoms including extreme fatigue, arthritis, fever, skin rashes and kidney problems

2) Sufferers possess auto-antibodies that cross react with the U1 RNA component of the spliceosome

Front 30

Beta-Thalassemia

1) Disorder/how drug treats it?
2) Symptoms of disorder/application?

Back 30

1) Reduced synthesis of beta-hemoglobin chain that results in microcytic hypochromic anemia

2) Many of these mutations generate additional splice sites within the mRNA, as a result, frame shifts or premature stop codons are introduced into the mature mRNA, this results in production of an abnormal beta-globin protein

Front 31

Limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD)

1) Disorder/how drug treats it?
2) Symptoms of disorder/application?

Back 31

1) Weakness and wasting restricted to the limb musculature

2) Patients possess a mutation in the caplain 3 gene that generates a new splice site within the exon 16 (coding sequence); this results in a shorter caplain 3 mRNA, missing exon 16 codons, produces a defective protein

Front 32

Chagas disease

1) Disorder/how drug treats it?
2) Symptoms of disorder/application?

Back 32

1) Trypanosome infection

2)

Front 33

leishmaniasis

1) Disorder/how drug treats it?
2) Symptoms of disorder/application?

Back 33

1) leishmania

2)

Front 34

Cellular necrosis

1) Disorder/how drug treats it?
2) Symptoms of disorder/application?

Back 34

1) Release of cellular contents into the extracellular fluid

2)