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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe the breakdown of the different reviews.
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Two main types of reviews: Nonsystematic (Narrative) and Systematic
Systematic is further broken down into Qualitative and Quantitative |
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What is the purpose of a Narrative review?
What is included and what type of source is this considered? |
To bring the reader up to date on a topic
Includes a large amount of information in an efficient document Tertiary source |
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What type of bias are Narrative reviews subject to?
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Publication bias
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What is publication bias?
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The tendency of researchers to handle the experimental reports that are positive differently than those that are negative or inconclusive.
***In an effort to decrease the instance of this, some prominent medical journals require registration of clinical trials before they start so that unfavorable results aren't withheld. |
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What are 5 disadvantages of a narrative review?
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The methods of literature search are not usually described
The methods used to select which studies to include are not usually described They are subject to publication bias Analysis of date is subjective There is no statistical assessment |
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What is the purpose of a Systematic Qualitative review?
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To provide an overview
Summarize primary study results without combining and statistical analysis The topic is clearly defined and focuses The search strategy is described and is comprehensive Unpublished studies may be included May be susceptible to publication bias |
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What are Quantitative systematic reviews (meta-analysis) used for?
What are they? |
To support clinical decisions.
Can be applied to observational and experimental trial designs. Can increase statistical power, resolve uncertainty when there are conflicting reports and improve the quality of primary research. Results of previous clinical trials are combined and statistically evaluated |
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When are they useful?
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Useful when previous trials are contradictory, inconclusive or have low power
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What can this type of review be applied to?
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Observational and experimental trial designs
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Describe the characteristics of a meta-analysis.
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Topic is clearly defined and focused
Search strategy is clearly described Inclusion/Exclusion criteria are clear Unpublished studies may be included Subject to publication bias Findings are statistically evaluated |
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What are the key questions that need to be asked when evaluating a systematic review?
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Is the research question needed?
Is the research question focused and specific? For inclusion criteria... Types of study designs Study subjects Published vs unpublished studies Language limits Treatments studied Time frame |
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What are the four steps in Treatment effect evaluation?
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Convert the treatment effect from individual studies to a common metric
Synthesize an overall expression of treatment effect Evaluate the data for variation in results from individual studies including publication bias Conduct sensitivity analysis to see if findings are influenced by other variables. |
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When doing a heterogeneity evaluation, what two statistics can you use?
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Cochrane's Q statistic (as chi squared) or I squared statistic (expresses studies as a percent.)
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What is used as a graphical evaluation?
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L'abbe Diagram
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What do you use to analyze publication bias?
What is used to graph sensitivity analysis? |
Funnel plot
Scatter plot Forest plot |
