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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is primary literature
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published reports of orginal research and new discoveries that introuduce new knowledge or enchance existing knowledge on a topic
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What are 2 catergoies of primary literature
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Evaluative studies and Descriptive reports
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What are 2 evaluative studies
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experimental and observational
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What are examples of experimental studies
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clinical trials, research, and educational assessments
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What are examples of observational
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case control, cohort, and cross-sectional
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What is case control
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identifies factors that may contribute to a medical condition
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What is cohort
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2 groups exposed to different factors-used to study disease etiology, and assess prognosis
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What is cross sectional
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done at one time, one time study, follow-up
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What is are Descriptive reports and examples
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recount individal expericnes, examples CC, PPP
case reports, clinical SERIES, program, and population, and pharm practice |
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Review articles, policy statements and position papers are
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NOT PRIMARY LITERATURE
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What is secondary literature
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resources that serve as a guide to locating primary literature
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Indexes and abstracts are an example of what type of literatue
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secondary literature
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Medline, IPA, OVID, adn PubMed are examples of
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Secondary literatue
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What are advantages of primary literatue
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most current, detailed
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What are disadvantages of primary literatue
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expensive, hard to search
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What are advantages of secondary literatue
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efficient, less expensive that journal subscriptions
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What are disadvantages of secondary literaute
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controlled vocab, lag time
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What is tertiary literature
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resourses that collate adn evaluate/interpret primary literature from multiple sources into a more CONSISE, adn useable format
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Examples of tertiary literatue
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books, micromedex, review articles
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Advantages of tertiary literatue
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easily accesible, saves time
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Disadvantages of tertiary literatue
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incomplete, human bias, lag time
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What catergoryt are expert communications, manufacturer information, adn newletter
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NO caterogry
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What are 4 parts of a monograph
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pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, indications/use, and contraindications/warnings/precautions
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What is included in pharmcology
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chemistry/stability and
MOA |
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What is included in chemisty/stability
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drug class, molecular structure, and storage
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What is inlcuded in Pharmacokinetics
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ADME
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What is in indications/use
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FDA-approved indications, and off-label uses
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What are contraindicatons
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ABSOLULTE-cannot use or relative--must weigh risks vs benifts
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What are warnings
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possible side effects, usually arragned by organ system
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3 Types of Drug interactions
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drug-drug, drug-food, adn drug-lab test
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Whats included in adverse reactions
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most common reactions, adn rare and serious or life-threatening
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What is listed under acute toxicity/overdose
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signs adn sympoms of toxcity, and treatment options
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What is under preparations, adn available products
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brand names, manufactors, dosage forms, and inactive ingredients
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What is the first part of a study you will read?
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title
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Are authors are listed in a particular order
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YES, 1st is called primary investigator
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What is abstract
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provides brief overview of study---a road map
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What are essential pats of an abstract
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intro, methods, results, and conclusions
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What is in intro
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objective of study and purpose, and background info
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What is the most important part in an evaluative study
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methods
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What is is included in methods
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study design, population, instrumentationn, adn statistics
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What is parallel in study deisgn
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subjects only receive one treatment
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What is cross-over in study design
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sujects receive all drugs during cousre of study period (drug A, then washout period, then drug B)
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What is randomized in study design
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where patients were radomly selected -bias from self-selected
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What is blined in study design
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where patients or investigators are aware of which intervention (drug) patient received
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What is multi-centered vs. single centered
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mutil-centered get a better repsentative of sample population
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What is placebo-controlled
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intervention results compared to results of placebo
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What is head-to head
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drugs A compared to drug B, usually one medication currently used, to new
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In Methods of population What criteria are patients screned on
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inclusion and exclusion
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What is inclusion criteria
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characterics patients MUST posses
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What is exclusion criteria
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characteristic patients CANNOT possess
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What is included in results
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describe patient demographics, and statistics, charts
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What is in discussion/conclusion
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agree/disagree with other results of other studies, strenght adn weaknessm further study
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What are 8 parts of a study
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Title,Abstract, Intro, Method, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, and References
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What is the systemic approach
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a structured procss that results in a relevant reponse to DI question
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What is systemic approach important
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accuracy, efficiency, adn depth, and detail is improved
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What are steps
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1. Obtain demos of requestor
2. Gather background 3. Determine and caterogize question 4. Develop and conduct search strategy 5. Evaluate, analyze, synthise info gathered 6. formulate, and deliver response 7. Follow-up, follow through, documentation |
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What is purpose of closed ended questions
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gather narrowly focused info
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What type of question is "What other medications do you take for your HA
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direct questioning... obtain specific info
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What is "How much pain relief do you get when you take ASA?
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indirect questions..elborate or clatify
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What is" What is most ASA you have taken at one time for a HA? And you have had very litle pain relief with this dose?
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probing..elicit speicific info about something already stated
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