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284 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Blood Pressure
1. Systolic Blood Pressure: occurs immediately after heart contracts.
- Systole: clinical term for contraction of the heart
2. Diastolic Blood Pressure: blood pressure occurring while heart is at rest.
- Diastole: expansion of heart cavities allowing the heart to fill with blood
Diagnosis of Hypertension
Systolic pressure > 140 mm Hg and/or Diastolic pressure > 90 mm Hg
ACE Inhibitors General
Renin is an enzyme produced by the kidney. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen and forms Angiotensin I (inactive). ACE coverts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor). ACE Inhibitors are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors that decrease the production of Angiotensin II, which leads to vasodilation.
ACE Inhibitors Indications
1. Antihypertensive
2. Heart Failure
ACE Inhibitors Contraindications
1. Do not use in pregnancy (BBW)
- Black Box Warning: information about a medication the FDA considers especially
important (side effects, drug interactions, restrictions on use, etc).
- Drugs that affect the renin angiotensin system can cause birth defects in the 1st trimester
and renal failure in the 2nd and 3rd trimester.
2. Avoid salt substitutes
- Salt substitutes are potassium based and, when used with ACE Inhibitors, can raise the
potassium level, which might result in hyperkalemia (which can leads to cardiac
arrhythmias).
- Normal serum K+ level: 3.5-5 mEq/L.
- Hyperkalemia is defined as serum K+ > 5 mEq/L.
Altace
ramipril
ramipril
Altace
Lotensin
benazepril
benazepril
Lotensin
Monopril
fosinopril
fosinopril
Monopril
Univasc
moexipril
moexipril
Univasc
Univasc patient counseling
Take on an empty stomach because food decreases absorption
Mavik
trandolapril
trandolapril
Mavik
Accupril
quinapril
quinapril
Accupril
Prinivil
lisinopril
lisinopril
Prinivil, Zestril
Zestril
lisinopril
Accuretic
quinapril, hydrochlorothiazide
quinapril, hydrochlorothiazide
Accuretic
Prinzide
lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide
Zestoretic
lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide
lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide
Prinzide, Zestoretic
HCTZ
HCTZ is a thiazide diuretic. Thiazide diuretics are potassium depleting. Depleting too much potassium could lead to hypokalemia. Remember, the normal serum K+ levels are 3.5-5 mEq/L. Symptoms of hypokalemia are weakness and leg cramps.
Lotrel
benazepril, amlodipine
Tarka
trandolapril, verapamil
benazepril, amlodipine
Lotrel
trandolapril, verapamil
Tarka
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists General
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists do not effect the production of angiotensin II. They just block the receptors so Angiotensin II cannot exert its vasoconstrictor effect.
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists Indications
Antihypertensive
Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists Contraindications
1. Do not use in pregnancy (BBW)
- Drugs that affect the renin angiotensin system can cause birth defects in the 1st trimester
and renal failure in the 2nd and 3rd trimester.
2. Avoid salt substitutes
- Salt substitutes are potassium based and, when used with ACE Inhibitors, can raise the
potassium level, which might result in hyperkalemia (which can leads to cardiac
arrhythmias).
Diovan
valsartan
Atacand
candesartan
Cozaar
losartan
Micardis
telmisartan
Avapro
irbesartan
Benicar
olmesartan
valsartan
Diovan
candesartan
Atacand
losartan
Cozaar
telmisartan
Micardis
irbesartan
Avapro
olmesartan
Benicar
losartan, hydrochlorothiazide
Hyzaar
irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide
Avalide
Calcium Channel Blockers general
Calcium Channel Blockers prevent the entry of Ca+ ions into vascular smooth muscle. Calcium Channel Blockers relax vascular smooth muscle which causes vasodilation.
Calcium Channel Blockers Indications
Antihypertensive
Norvasc
amlodipine
Calan
verapamil
Verelan
verapamil
Sular
nisoldipine
Cardizem LA
diltiazem
amlodipine
Norvasc
verapamil
Calan, Verelan
nisoldipine
Sular
diltiazem
Cardizem LA
Lotrel
amlodipine, benazepril
Tarka
verapamil, trandolapril
amlodipine, benazepril
Lotrel
verapamil, trandolapril
Tarka
HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors General
Therapeutic Category: Antihyperlipidemic (lowers serum cholesterol)
Indication: Hyperlipidemia (clinical term for elevated serum cholesterol)
Class: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA Reductase, which is necessary in cholesterol formation. Therefore if you inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase, less cholesterol is formed.
Zocor
simvastatin
Pravachol
pravastatin
Crestor
rosuvastatin
Lipitor
atorvastatin
simvastatin
Zocor
pravastatin
Pravachol
rosuvastatin
Crestor
atorvastatin
Lipitor
Caduet
atorvastatin, amlodipine
atorvastatin, amlodipine
Caduet
Beta Blockers general
Beta Blockers slow down the heart rate. Bradycardia is the clinical term for a slow heart rate (less then 60 beats per minute).
Toprol XL
metoprolol succinate
metoprolol succinate
Toprol XL
Toprol XL dosage form
Extended release tablet given once daily
Lopressor
metoprolol tartrate
metoprolol tartrate
Lopressor
Lopressor dosage form
- Immediate release tablet give 2 to 3 times daily.
- Toprol XL and Lopressor are not substitutable for one another because they contain different salt formulations.
Coreg
carvedilol
carvedilol
Coreg
Coreg CR
Coreg dosage form
Immediate release tablet given twice daily
Coreg CR dosage form
Extended release capsule given once daily
Can open capsule and sprinkle beads on food that is NOT chewed. If beads are chewed then dose dumping can occur
Take with food to decrease chance of orthostatic hypotension (fall in blood pressure upon standing). Can be severe enough to cause fainting
clinical term for fainting
syncope
Inderal LA
propranolol
propranolol
Inderal LA
Inderal LA dosage form
Extended release capsule given once daily
Also indicated for migraine prophylaxis (clinical term for prevention = prophylaxis)
Sectral
acebutolol
acebutolol
Sectral
Zebeta
bisoprolol
bisoprolol
Zebeta
Tenormin
atenolol
atenolol
Tenormin
Ziac
bisoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide
bisoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide
Ziac
Tenoretic
atenolol, chlorthalidone
atenolol, chlorthalidone
Tenoretic
Hygroton
chlorthalidone
chlorthalidone
Hygroton
Hygroton therapeutic category
thiazide diuretic (potassium depleting)
Catapres TTS
clonidine
clonidine
Catapres TTS
Catapres TTS general
a. Therapeutic Category: Antihypertensive
b. TTS = transdermal therapeutic system
c. Strengths (expressed in release rates): 0.1 mg/ 24 hr
0.2 mg/ 24 hr
0.3 mg/ 24 hr
d. Dosing Interval: once weekly
e. Catapres (clonidine) : tablet dosage form
SALAD with clonidine
Klonopin (clonazepam); Klonopin is a benzodiazepine indicated for panic attacks and anxiety
clinical term for a drug that reduces anxiety
Anxiolytic
Digitek
digoxin
digoxin
Lanoxin, Digitek
Lanoxin, Digitek dosage forms
a. Strengths/ Dosage Form
i. 0.125 mg tablet
ii. 0.25 mg tablet
iii. 0.05 mg/mL elixir
digoxin Indications
i. Heart Failure (0.5-0.8 ng/mL)
ii. Different types of arrhythmias (0.8-2 ng/mL)
clinical term for irregular heart beat
Arrhythmia
Digoxin effects
Digoxin exerts a positive inotropic action (it makes the heart beat stronger). Inotropic means affecting the force or energy of muscular contraction (either positive or negative).
example of a drug that exerts a negative inotropic action
Sporanox (itraconazole)
Black Box Warning for Sporanox
do not use in patients with heart failure
Patient Counseling with digoxin
May cause nausea, vomiting, or vision problems (digoxin toxicity)
Antiplatelet Agents indications
indicated to decrease the incidence of a heart attack or stroke in high risk patients (such as patients who have previously had a heart attack or stroke).
Plavix
clopidogrel
Aggrenox
aspirin, dipyridamole
aspirin, dipyridamole
Aggrenox
clopidogrel
Plavix
Coumadin
warfarin sodium
Ticlid
ticlopidine
ticlopidine
Ticlid
warfarin sodium
Coumadin
Coumadin therapeutic category
Anticoagulant
Coumadin indication
indicated for treatment and prevention of thrombosis
presence of a thrombus
Thrombosis
clinical term for blood clot
Thrombus
Coumadin MOA
inhibits the synthesis of the four vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. Without the vitamin K dependent clotting factors, clot formation is decreased.
Vitamin K and Coumadin
i. A large intake of Vitamin K can decrease Coumadin’s effectiveness because it will stimulate the formation of Vitamin K clotting factors.
ii. Vitamin K is found in Multivitamins, green leafy vegetables (such as spinach, broccoli, and lettuce) and in green tea.
iii. Large intake of Vitamin K can equal maybe an increase in Coumadin dose.
Coumadin Black Box Warning
may case major or fatal bleeding
Neurotransmitters
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (general)
raise 5HT levels in the brain; usually take 2-3 weeks to work.
Indications for SSRIs
i. Depression
ii. Panic Disorder
iii. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
iv. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
v. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)
Lexapro
escitalopram
escitalopram
Lexapro
Paxil CR
paroxetine hydrochloride
paroxetine hydrochloride
Paxil CR
Pexeva
paroxetine mesylate
paroxetine mesylate
Pexeva
Paxil CR dosage
controlled release tablet
Zoloft
sertraline
sertraline
Zoloft
Prozac
fluoxetine
fluoxetine
Prozac
Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) general
raise 5HT and NE levels in the brain.
Pristiq general
active metabolite of venlafaxine
Cymbalta indication
also indicated for DPN (diabetic peripheral neuropathy)
Pexeva dosage
ifferent salt form than Paxil (can not substitute generic Paxil for Pexeva)
Zyban
bupropion
Effexor XR
venlafaxine
venlafaxine
Effexor XR
Pristiq
desvenlafaxine
desvenlafaxine
Pristiq
Cymbalta
duloxetine
duloxetine
Cymbalta
Wellbutrin
bupropion
bupropion
Wellbutrin (SR, XL), Zyban
Wellbutrin, SR, XL dosage
Wellbutrin (bupropion) -- three times daily
Wellbutrin SR (bupropion) -- twice daily
Wellbutrin XL (bupropion) -- once daily
Zyban indication and dosage
i. Indicated for smoking cessation
ii. 150 mg bupropion sustained release tablet
iii. Dosing Interval: 1 tablet every day for 3 days, then 1 tablet twice daily (x12 wks)
Wellbutrin category
aminoketone
SSRI's examples
Lexapro, Paxil, Pexeva, Zoloft, Prozac
SSNRI's examples
Effexor XR, Pristiq, Cymbalta
Remeron category
tetracyclic
Remeron
mirtazapine
mirtazapine
Remeron
Remeron SolTab
Tricyclic examples
amitriptyline
Pamelor
Typical/Conventional Antipsychotics
Phenothiazines
i. prochlorperazine
ii. Trilafon (perphenazine)
iii. Prolixin (fluphenazine)
Butyrophenone
i. haloperidol
Pamelor
nortriptyline
nortriptyline
Pamelor
Atypical/Novel Antipsychotics
Dibenzepines
i. Seroquel (quetiapine)
ii. Zyprexa (olanzapine) -- tablet
iii. Zyprexa Zydis (olanzapine) -- orally disintegrating tablet
Benzisoxazoles
iv. Risperdal (risperidone) -- tablet
- new indication of risperidone = autism (only antipsychotic indicated for autism)
v. Risperdal M-Tab (risperidone) -- orally disintegrating tablet
vi. Invega (paliperidone) -- active metabolite of risperidone
Quinolinone
vii. Abilify (aripiprazole) -- tablet
- new indication of aripiprazole = depression (only antipsychotic indicated for depression)
viii. Abilify Discmelt (aripiprazole) -- orally disintegrating tablet
Dihydroindolone
ix. Geodon (ziprasidone)
prochlorperazine category
Phenothiazines
Trilafon category
Phenothiazines
Prolixin category
Phenothiazines
haloperidol category
Butyrophenone
Trilafon
perphenazine
perphenazine
Trilafon
Prolixin
fluphenazine
fluphenazine
Prolixin
Seroquel category
Dibenzepines
Zyprexa category
Dibenzepines
Risperdal category
Benzisoxazoles
Seroquel
quetiapine
quetiapine
Seroquel
Zyprexa
olanzapine
olanzapine
Zyprexa
Risperdal
risperidone
risperidone
Risperdal
Invega
paliperidone
paliperidone
Invega
Invega category
Benzisoxazoles
new indication of risperidone
autism (only antipsychotic indicated for autism)
Abilify
aripiprazole
aripiprazole
Abilify
Geodon
ziprasidone
ziprasidone
Geodon
Geodon category
Dihydroindolone
new indication of aripiprazole
depression (only antipsychotic indicated for depression)
Abilify category
Quinolinone
Seizures types
A. Partial- involves just one hemisphere of brain and may or may not impair consciousness
B. Generalized- affects both hemispheres of brain and impairs consciousness
i. tonic-clonic
ii. absence (synonym = “Petit Mal”)
Lyrica
pregabalin
pregabalin
Lyrica
Lyrica indications
i. partial seizures
ii. pain associated with Post Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN=shingles: persistent pain in area of shingles that persist after blisters have healed)
iii. pain associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN)
iv. fibromyalgia
Topamax indications
i. partial seizures
ii. tonic-clonic seizures
iii. migraine prophylaxis
Topamax
topiramate
topiramate
Topamax
Depakote
divalproex
divalproex
Depakote
divalproex indications
i. partial seizures
ii. absence seizures
iii. manic episodes of bipolar disorder
iv. migraine prophylaxis
Keppra Indications
i. partial seizures
ii. tonic-clonic seizures
Keppra
levetiracetam
levetiracetam
Keppra
Dilantin
phenytoin
phenytoin
Dilantin
Dilantin Infatab dosage
50 mg chewable tablet
Dilantin Class
hydantoin
phenytoin indications
i. partial seizures
ii. tonic-clonic seizures
Dilantin dosage
30 mg and 100 mg capsule; 125 mg/ 5 mL oral suspension
Trileptal indications
partial seizures
Trileptal
oxcarbazepine
oxcarbazepine
Trileptal
Lamictal
lamotrigine
lamotrigine
Lamictal
Lamictal SALAD
Lamisil (terbinafine)
Lamisil category
antifungal
Lamisil
terbinafine
terbinafine
Lamisil
Lamictal indications
i. partial seizures
ii. tonic-clonic seizures
iii. bipolar disorder (both manic and depression)
Neurontin indications
i. partial seizures
ii. pain associated with PHN
Neurontin
gabapentin
gabapentin
Neurontin
agents used to induce sleep
Hypnotics
Ambien category
imidazopyridine
Ambien
zolpidem
zolpidem
Ambien (CR)
Lunesta category
cyclopyrrolone
Rozerem category
melatonin receptor agonist
Adderall dosage
a. Immediate release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: once or twice daily
Lunesta
eszopiclone
eszopiclone
Lunesta
Rozerem
ramelteon
ramelteon
Rozerem
Adderall XR
dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate
dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate
Adderall XR
Adderall XR dosage
a. Extended release capsule
b. Dosing Interval: once daily
Adderall XR indications
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ii. Narcolepsy
Concerta dosage
a. Extended release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: once daily
Concerta
methylphenidate
methylphenidate
Concerta, Methylin, Ritalin
Methylin
methylphenidate
Ritalin
methylphenidate
Focalin XR
dexmethylphenidate
dexmethylphenidate
Focalin XR
Concerta indications
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Methylin dosage
a. Immediate release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: once to three times daily
Methylin indications
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ii. Narcolepsy
Ritalin dosage
a. Immediate release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: once to three times daily
Ritalin indications
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ii. Narcolepsy
Focalin XR dosage
a. Extended release capsule
b. Dosing Interval: once daily
Dextro (active) isomer of methylphenidate. Requires only ½ the dose
Focalin XR indications
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Focalin dosage
a. Immediate release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: twice daily
Provigil
modafinil
modafinil
Provigil
Provigil dosage
a. Immediate release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: once daily
Provigil indications
i. Narcolepsy
ii. Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD)
Focalin indications
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Provigil general
DEA Schedule IV controlled substance
Strattera
atomoxetine
atomoxetine
Strattera
Strattera category
Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
Strattera dosage
b. Immediate release capsule
c. Dosing Interval: once or twice daily
Strattera indications
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Strattera general
Not a controlled substance
Requip
ropinirole
ropinirole
Requip
Requip category
Antiparkinson Agent
Requip class (not category)
Dopamine Receptor Agonist-- Drug combines with receptor and produces a dopamine like effect. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that allows control of movement.
Requip indications and dosage
i. Parkinson’s Disease -- three times daily
ii. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) -- once daily one to three hours before bedtime
Mirapex category
Antiparkinson Agent
Mirapex
pramipexole
pramipexole
Mirapex
Mirapex class (category)
Dopamine Receptor Agonist-- Drug combines with receptor and produces a dopamine like effect. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that allows control of movement.
Mirapex indications and dosage
i. Parkinson’s Disease -- three times daily
ii. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) -- once daily one to three hours before bedtime