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284 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Blood Pressure
|
1. Systolic Blood Pressure: occurs immediately after heart contracts.
- Systole: clinical term for contraction of the heart 2. Diastolic Blood Pressure: blood pressure occurring while heart is at rest. - Diastole: expansion of heart cavities allowing the heart to fill with blood |
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Diagnosis of Hypertension
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Systolic pressure > 140 mm Hg and/or Diastolic pressure > 90 mm Hg
|
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ACE Inhibitors General
|
Renin is an enzyme produced by the kidney. Renin cleaves angiotensinogen and forms Angiotensin I (inactive). ACE coverts Angiotensin I to Angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor). ACE Inhibitors are angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors that decrease the production of Angiotensin II, which leads to vasodilation.
|
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ACE Inhibitors Indications
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1. Antihypertensive
2. Heart Failure |
|
ACE Inhibitors Contraindications
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1. Do not use in pregnancy (BBW)
- Black Box Warning: information about a medication the FDA considers especially important (side effects, drug interactions, restrictions on use, etc). - Drugs that affect the renin angiotensin system can cause birth defects in the 1st trimester and renal failure in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. 2. Avoid salt substitutes - Salt substitutes are potassium based and, when used with ACE Inhibitors, can raise the potassium level, which might result in hyperkalemia (which can leads to cardiac arrhythmias). - Normal serum K+ level: 3.5-5 mEq/L. - Hyperkalemia is defined as serum K+ > 5 mEq/L. |
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Altace
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ramipril
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ramipril
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Altace
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Lotensin
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benazepril
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benazepril
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Lotensin
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Monopril
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fosinopril
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fosinopril
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Monopril
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Univasc
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moexipril
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moexipril
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Univasc
|
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Univasc patient counseling
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Take on an empty stomach because food decreases absorption
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Mavik
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trandolapril
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trandolapril
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Mavik
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Accupril
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quinapril
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quinapril
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Accupril
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Prinivil
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lisinopril
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lisinopril
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Prinivil, Zestril
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Zestril
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lisinopril
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Accuretic
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quinapril, hydrochlorothiazide
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quinapril, hydrochlorothiazide
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Accuretic
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Prinzide
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lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide
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Zestoretic
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lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide
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lisinopril, hydrochlorothiazide
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Prinzide, Zestoretic
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HCTZ
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HCTZ is a thiazide diuretic. Thiazide diuretics are potassium depleting. Depleting too much potassium could lead to hypokalemia. Remember, the normal serum K+ levels are 3.5-5 mEq/L. Symptoms of hypokalemia are weakness and leg cramps.
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Lotrel
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benazepril, amlodipine
|
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Tarka
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trandolapril, verapamil
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benazepril, amlodipine
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Lotrel
|
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trandolapril, verapamil
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Tarka
|
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Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists General
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Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists do not effect the production of angiotensin II. They just block the receptors so Angiotensin II cannot exert its vasoconstrictor effect.
|
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Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists Indications
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Antihypertensive
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Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists Contraindications
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1. Do not use in pregnancy (BBW)
- Drugs that affect the renin angiotensin system can cause birth defects in the 1st trimester and renal failure in the 2nd and 3rd trimester. 2. Avoid salt substitutes - Salt substitutes are potassium based and, when used with ACE Inhibitors, can raise the potassium level, which might result in hyperkalemia (which can leads to cardiac arrhythmias). |
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Diovan
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valsartan
|
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Atacand
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candesartan
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Cozaar
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losartan
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Micardis
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telmisartan
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Avapro
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irbesartan
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Benicar
|
olmesartan
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valsartan
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Diovan
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candesartan
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Atacand
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losartan
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Cozaar
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telmisartan
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Micardis
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irbesartan
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Avapro
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olmesartan
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Benicar
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losartan, hydrochlorothiazide
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Hyzaar
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irbesartan, hydrochlorothiazide
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Avalide
|
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Calcium Channel Blockers general
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Calcium Channel Blockers prevent the entry of Ca+ ions into vascular smooth muscle. Calcium Channel Blockers relax vascular smooth muscle which causes vasodilation.
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Calcium Channel Blockers Indications
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Antihypertensive
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Norvasc
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amlodipine
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Calan
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verapamil
|
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Verelan
|
verapamil
|
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Sular
|
nisoldipine
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Cardizem LA
|
diltiazem
|
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amlodipine
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Norvasc
|
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verapamil
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Calan, Verelan
|
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nisoldipine
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Sular
|
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diltiazem
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Cardizem LA
|
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Lotrel
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amlodipine, benazepril
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Tarka
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verapamil, trandolapril
|
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amlodipine, benazepril
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Lotrel
|
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verapamil, trandolapril
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Tarka
|
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HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors General
|
Therapeutic Category: Antihyperlipidemic (lowers serum cholesterol)
Indication: Hyperlipidemia (clinical term for elevated serum cholesterol) Class: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitor HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA Reductase, which is necessary in cholesterol formation. Therefore if you inhibit HMG-CoA Reductase, less cholesterol is formed. |
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Zocor
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simvastatin
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Pravachol
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pravastatin
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Crestor
|
rosuvastatin
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Lipitor
|
atorvastatin
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simvastatin
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Zocor
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pravastatin
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Pravachol
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rosuvastatin
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Crestor
|
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atorvastatin
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Lipitor
|
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Caduet
|
atorvastatin, amlodipine
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atorvastatin, amlodipine
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Caduet
|
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Beta Blockers general
|
Beta Blockers slow down the heart rate. Bradycardia is the clinical term for a slow heart rate (less then 60 beats per minute).
|
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Toprol XL
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metoprolol succinate
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metoprolol succinate
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Toprol XL
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Toprol XL dosage form
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Extended release tablet given once daily
|
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Lopressor
|
metoprolol tartrate
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metoprolol tartrate
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Lopressor
|
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Lopressor dosage form
|
- Immediate release tablet give 2 to 3 times daily.
- Toprol XL and Lopressor are not substitutable for one another because they contain different salt formulations. |
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Coreg
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carvedilol
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carvedilol
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Coreg
Coreg CR |
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Coreg dosage form
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Immediate release tablet given twice daily
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Coreg CR dosage form
|
Extended release capsule given once daily
Can open capsule and sprinkle beads on food that is NOT chewed. If beads are chewed then dose dumping can occur Take with food to decrease chance of orthostatic hypotension (fall in blood pressure upon standing). Can be severe enough to cause fainting |
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clinical term for fainting
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syncope
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Inderal LA
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propranolol
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propranolol
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Inderal LA
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Inderal LA dosage form
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Extended release capsule given once daily
Also indicated for migraine prophylaxis (clinical term for prevention = prophylaxis) |
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Sectral
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acebutolol
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acebutolol
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Sectral
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Zebeta
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bisoprolol
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bisoprolol
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Zebeta
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Tenormin
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atenolol
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atenolol
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Tenormin
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Ziac
|
bisoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide
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bisoprolol, hydrochlorothiazide
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Ziac
|
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Tenoretic
|
atenolol, chlorthalidone
|
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atenolol, chlorthalidone
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Tenoretic
|
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Hygroton
|
chlorthalidone
|
|
chlorthalidone
|
Hygroton
|
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Hygroton therapeutic category
|
thiazide diuretic (potassium depleting)
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Catapres TTS
|
clonidine
|
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clonidine
|
Catapres TTS
|
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Catapres TTS general
|
a. Therapeutic Category: Antihypertensive
b. TTS = transdermal therapeutic system c. Strengths (expressed in release rates): 0.1 mg/ 24 hr 0.2 mg/ 24 hr 0.3 mg/ 24 hr d. Dosing Interval: once weekly e. Catapres (clonidine) : tablet dosage form |
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SALAD with clonidine
|
Klonopin (clonazepam); Klonopin is a benzodiazepine indicated for panic attacks and anxiety
|
|
clinical term for a drug that reduces anxiety
|
Anxiolytic
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Digitek
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digoxin
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digoxin
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Lanoxin, Digitek
|
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Lanoxin, Digitek dosage forms
|
a. Strengths/ Dosage Form
i. 0.125 mg tablet ii. 0.25 mg tablet iii. 0.05 mg/mL elixir |
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digoxin Indications
|
i. Heart Failure (0.5-0.8 ng/mL)
ii. Different types of arrhythmias (0.8-2 ng/mL) |
|
clinical term for irregular heart beat
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Arrhythmia
|
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Digoxin effects
|
Digoxin exerts a positive inotropic action (it makes the heart beat stronger). Inotropic means affecting the force or energy of muscular contraction (either positive or negative).
|
|
example of a drug that exerts a negative inotropic action
|
Sporanox (itraconazole)
|
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Black Box Warning for Sporanox
|
do not use in patients with heart failure
|
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Patient Counseling with digoxin
|
May cause nausea, vomiting, or vision problems (digoxin toxicity)
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Antiplatelet Agents indications
|
indicated to decrease the incidence of a heart attack or stroke in high risk patients (such as patients who have previously had a heart attack or stroke).
|
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Plavix
|
clopidogrel
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Aggrenox
|
aspirin, dipyridamole
|
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aspirin, dipyridamole
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Aggrenox
|
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clopidogrel
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Plavix
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Coumadin
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warfarin sodium
|
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Ticlid
|
ticlopidine
|
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ticlopidine
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Ticlid
|
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warfarin sodium
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Coumadin
|
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Coumadin therapeutic category
|
Anticoagulant
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Coumadin indication
|
indicated for treatment and prevention of thrombosis
|
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presence of a thrombus
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Thrombosis
|
|
clinical term for blood clot
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Thrombus
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Coumadin MOA
|
inhibits the synthesis of the four vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X. Without the vitamin K dependent clotting factors, clot formation is decreased.
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Vitamin K and Coumadin
|
i. A large intake of Vitamin K can decrease Coumadin’s effectiveness because it will stimulate the formation of Vitamin K clotting factors.
ii. Vitamin K is found in Multivitamins, green leafy vegetables (such as spinach, broccoli, and lettuce) and in green tea. iii. Large intake of Vitamin K can equal maybe an increase in Coumadin dose. |
|
Coumadin Black Box Warning
|
may case major or fatal bleeding
|
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Neurotransmitters
|
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine
|
|
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (general)
|
raise 5HT levels in the brain; usually take 2-3 weeks to work.
|
|
Indications for SSRIs
|
i. Depression
ii. Panic Disorder iii. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) iv. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) v. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) |
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Lexapro
|
escitalopram
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escitalopram
|
Lexapro
|
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Paxil CR
|
paroxetine hydrochloride
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paroxetine hydrochloride
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Paxil CR
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Pexeva
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paroxetine mesylate
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paroxetine mesylate
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Pexeva
|
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Paxil CR dosage
|
controlled release tablet
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Zoloft
|
sertraline
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sertraline
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Zoloft
|
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Prozac
|
fluoxetine
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fluoxetine
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Prozac
|
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Selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SSNRIs) general
|
raise 5HT and NE levels in the brain.
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Pristiq general
|
active metabolite of venlafaxine
|
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Cymbalta indication
|
also indicated for DPN (diabetic peripheral neuropathy)
|
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Pexeva dosage
|
ifferent salt form than Paxil (can not substitute generic Paxil for Pexeva)
|
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Zyban
|
bupropion
|
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Effexor XR
|
venlafaxine
|
|
venlafaxine
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Effexor XR
|
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Pristiq
|
desvenlafaxine
|
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desvenlafaxine
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Pristiq
|
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Cymbalta
|
duloxetine
|
|
duloxetine
|
Cymbalta
|
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Wellbutrin
|
bupropion
|
|
bupropion
|
Wellbutrin (SR, XL), Zyban
|
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Wellbutrin, SR, XL dosage
|
Wellbutrin (bupropion) -- three times daily
Wellbutrin SR (bupropion) -- twice daily Wellbutrin XL (bupropion) -- once daily |
|
Zyban indication and dosage
|
i. Indicated for smoking cessation
ii. 150 mg bupropion sustained release tablet iii. Dosing Interval: 1 tablet every day for 3 days, then 1 tablet twice daily (x12 wks) |
|
Wellbutrin category
|
aminoketone
|
|
SSRI's examples
|
Lexapro, Paxil, Pexeva, Zoloft, Prozac
|
|
SSNRI's examples
|
Effexor XR, Pristiq, Cymbalta
|
|
Remeron category
|
tetracyclic
|
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Remeron
|
mirtazapine
|
|
mirtazapine
|
Remeron
Remeron SolTab |
|
Tricyclic examples
|
amitriptyline
Pamelor |
|
Typical/Conventional Antipsychotics
|
Phenothiazines
i. prochlorperazine ii. Trilafon (perphenazine) iii. Prolixin (fluphenazine) Butyrophenone i. haloperidol |
|
Pamelor
|
nortriptyline
|
|
nortriptyline
|
Pamelor
|
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Atypical/Novel Antipsychotics
|
Dibenzepines
i. Seroquel (quetiapine) ii. Zyprexa (olanzapine) -- tablet iii. Zyprexa Zydis (olanzapine) -- orally disintegrating tablet Benzisoxazoles iv. Risperdal (risperidone) -- tablet - new indication of risperidone = autism (only antipsychotic indicated for autism) v. Risperdal M-Tab (risperidone) -- orally disintegrating tablet vi. Invega (paliperidone) -- active metabolite of risperidone Quinolinone vii. Abilify (aripiprazole) -- tablet - new indication of aripiprazole = depression (only antipsychotic indicated for depression) viii. Abilify Discmelt (aripiprazole) -- orally disintegrating tablet Dihydroindolone ix. Geodon (ziprasidone) |
|
prochlorperazine category
|
Phenothiazines
|
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Trilafon category
|
Phenothiazines
|
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Prolixin category
|
Phenothiazines
|
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haloperidol category
|
Butyrophenone
|
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Trilafon
|
perphenazine
|
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perphenazine
|
Trilafon
|
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Prolixin
|
fluphenazine
|
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fluphenazine
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Prolixin
|
|
Seroquel category
|
Dibenzepines
|
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Zyprexa category
|
Dibenzepines
|
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Risperdal category
|
Benzisoxazoles
|
|
Seroquel
|
quetiapine
|
|
quetiapine
|
Seroquel
|
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Zyprexa
|
olanzapine
|
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olanzapine
|
Zyprexa
|
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Risperdal
|
risperidone
|
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risperidone
|
Risperdal
|
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Invega
|
paliperidone
|
|
paliperidone
|
Invega
|
|
Invega category
|
Benzisoxazoles
|
|
new indication of risperidone
|
autism (only antipsychotic indicated for autism)
|
|
Abilify
|
aripiprazole
|
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aripiprazole
|
Abilify
|
|
Geodon
|
ziprasidone
|
|
ziprasidone
|
Geodon
|
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Geodon category
|
Dihydroindolone
|
|
new indication of aripiprazole
|
depression (only antipsychotic indicated for depression)
|
|
Abilify category
|
Quinolinone
|
|
Seizures types
|
A. Partial- involves just one hemisphere of brain and may or may not impair consciousness
B. Generalized- affects both hemispheres of brain and impairs consciousness i. tonic-clonic ii. absence (synonym = “Petit Mal”) |
|
Lyrica
|
pregabalin
|
|
pregabalin
|
Lyrica
|
|
Lyrica indications
|
i. partial seizures
ii. pain associated with Post Herpetic Neuralgia (PHN=shingles: persistent pain in area of shingles that persist after blisters have healed) iii. pain associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN) iv. fibromyalgia |
|
Topamax indications
|
i. partial seizures
ii. tonic-clonic seizures iii. migraine prophylaxis |
|
Topamax
|
topiramate
|
|
topiramate
|
Topamax
|
|
Depakote
|
divalproex
|
|
divalproex
|
Depakote
|
|
divalproex indications
|
i. partial seizures
ii. absence seizures iii. manic episodes of bipolar disorder iv. migraine prophylaxis |
|
Keppra Indications
|
i. partial seizures
ii. tonic-clonic seizures |
|
Keppra
|
levetiracetam
|
|
levetiracetam
|
Keppra
|
|
Dilantin
|
phenytoin
|
|
phenytoin
|
Dilantin
|
|
Dilantin Infatab dosage
|
50 mg chewable tablet
|
|
Dilantin Class
|
hydantoin
|
|
phenytoin indications
|
i. partial seizures
ii. tonic-clonic seizures |
|
Dilantin dosage
|
30 mg and 100 mg capsule; 125 mg/ 5 mL oral suspension
|
|
Trileptal indications
|
partial seizures
|
|
Trileptal
|
oxcarbazepine
|
|
oxcarbazepine
|
Trileptal
|
|
Lamictal
|
lamotrigine
|
|
lamotrigine
|
Lamictal
|
|
Lamictal SALAD
|
Lamisil (terbinafine)
|
|
Lamisil category
|
antifungal
|
|
Lamisil
|
terbinafine
|
|
terbinafine
|
Lamisil
|
|
Lamictal indications
|
i. partial seizures
ii. tonic-clonic seizures iii. bipolar disorder (both manic and depression) |
|
Neurontin indications
|
i. partial seizures
ii. pain associated with PHN |
|
Neurontin
|
gabapentin
|
|
gabapentin
|
Neurontin
|
|
agents used to induce sleep
|
Hypnotics
|
|
Ambien category
|
imidazopyridine
|
|
Ambien
|
zolpidem
|
|
zolpidem
|
Ambien (CR)
|
|
Lunesta category
|
cyclopyrrolone
|
|
Rozerem category
|
melatonin receptor agonist
|
|
Adderall dosage
|
a. Immediate release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: once or twice daily |
|
Lunesta
|
eszopiclone
|
|
eszopiclone
|
Lunesta
|
|
Rozerem
|
ramelteon
|
|
ramelteon
|
Rozerem
|
|
Adderall XR
|
dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate
|
|
dextroamphetamine saccharate, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate, dextroamphetamine sulfate, amphetamine sulfate
|
Adderall XR
|
|
Adderall XR dosage
|
a. Extended release capsule
b. Dosing Interval: once daily |
|
Adderall XR indications
|
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ii. Narcolepsy |
|
Concerta dosage
|
a. Extended release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: once daily |
|
Concerta
|
methylphenidate
|
|
methylphenidate
|
Concerta, Methylin, Ritalin
|
|
Methylin
|
methylphenidate
|
|
Ritalin
|
methylphenidate
|
|
Focalin XR
|
dexmethylphenidate
|
|
dexmethylphenidate
|
Focalin XR
|
|
Concerta indications
|
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
|
|
Methylin dosage
|
a. Immediate release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: once to three times daily |
|
Methylin indications
|
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ii. Narcolepsy |
|
Ritalin dosage
|
a. Immediate release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: once to three times daily |
|
Ritalin indications
|
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ii. Narcolepsy |
|
Focalin XR dosage
|
a. Extended release capsule
b. Dosing Interval: once daily Dextro (active) isomer of methylphenidate. Requires only ½ the dose |
|
Focalin XR indications
|
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
|
|
Focalin dosage
|
a. Immediate release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: twice daily |
|
Provigil
|
modafinil
|
|
modafinil
|
Provigil
|
|
Provigil dosage
|
a. Immediate release tablet
b. Dosing Interval: once daily |
|
Provigil indications
|
i. Narcolepsy
ii. Shift work sleep disorder (SWSD) |
|
Focalin indications
|
i. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
|
|
Provigil general
|
DEA Schedule IV controlled substance
|
|
Strattera
|
atomoxetine
|
|
atomoxetine
|
Strattera
|
|
Strattera category
|
Selective Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor
|
|
Strattera dosage
|
b. Immediate release capsule
c. Dosing Interval: once or twice daily |
|
Strattera indications
|
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
|
|
Strattera general
|
Not a controlled substance
|
|
Requip
|
ropinirole
|
|
ropinirole
|
Requip
|
|
Requip category
|
Antiparkinson Agent
|
|
Requip class (not category)
|
Dopamine Receptor Agonist-- Drug combines with receptor and produces a dopamine like effect. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that allows control of movement.
|
|
Requip indications and dosage
|
i. Parkinson’s Disease -- three times daily
ii. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) -- once daily one to three hours before bedtime |
|
Mirapex category
|
Antiparkinson Agent
|
|
Mirapex
|
pramipexole
|
|
pramipexole
|
Mirapex
|
|
Mirapex class (category)
|
Dopamine Receptor Agonist-- Drug combines with receptor and produces a dopamine like effect. Dopamine is the neurotransmitter that allows control of movement.
|
|
Mirapex indications and dosage
|
i. Parkinson’s Disease -- three times daily
ii. Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) -- once daily one to three hours before bedtime |