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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Kidneys
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Most important organ for eliminating majority of drugs
can live with one and are less then 1% of body weight but receive 25% of cardiac output |
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What is Glomerular Filtration and what is it influenced by?
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A passive process influenced by:
MW Blood level of drug - conc. gradient, high between plasma water & filtrate favor excretion Plasma Protein Binding, only free drug can be filtered binding decreases renal excretion Degree of Dissoction at Urinary pH, highly polar readily excreted NOT reabsorbed unless carrier protein exists |
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What promotes recycling and of weak acids in urine and what accelerates excretion in Urine?
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Acidic urine promotes recycling of weka acids which can increase duration of of the drug action. And Alkalinization urine accelerate excretion of weak acids.
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What is Tubular Secretion?
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Proximal tubules are active sires for excretion from blood into tubular urine. It is energy dependent, can be blocked by metabolic inhibitors, canbe saturated (Transport Maximum), exists for both antions and cations (different process)
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Does plasma protein binding to a drug have an effect on tubular secretion?
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NO because there is not a tight connnection between the two
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Is urinary elimination alne sufficient?
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Without biotransformation (liver injury), then it is NOT sufficient to decrease blood levels in a reasobale period of time
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Do you have to make a reduction in drug dose if the kidneys are bad?
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NO if drug is highly transformed. If drug is poorly transformed the Kidney will be MORE critical.
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What does testing the Urine prove?
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Can ONLY determine that the drug was taken at some period of time.
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Can the measurement of the urinary concentration of a drug determine the level of impairment?
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Can NOT determine the degree of pharmacologic activity (extent of intoxication) produced by a drug. Because there is not equilibrium in urine
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Why can you test for levels of intoxication in blood and salvia?
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Because there is an equilibrium.
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How are drugs excreted in the liver?
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May be excreted by liver cells into bile and then pass into intestine.
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How do you result in enterohepatic circulation?
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If the properties of a drug favor intestinal absorbtion
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When do biliary excretion and intestinal reabsorbtion stop?
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They will continue intil biotransformation or urinary excretion eliminate drug
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Where are steroid hormones excreted and reabsorbed?
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They are partially excreted in bile and largely reabsorbed in the intestine.
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Where are streptomycin and tetracyclines found in high concentrations?
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Bile
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What drugs are excreted in feces by the intestine?
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Unabsorbed drugs and drugs which have been secreted into the intestines VIA bile, saliva and digestive secretions of the somach and S.I.
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What is eliminated by the lungs?
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volaitke substances, e.g. general anesthetics, alcohol
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What is excreted by the sweat glands?
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It is a minor route but some excretion may prodice skin rash
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Mammary Glands of Drug Elimination
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pH between 6.8-7.3 (more acidic then plasma) most drugs consumed by mother will acumulate in breaset milk, but concentration is ~1% of total maternal dose. Amount tranrfered to infant could produce a pharmacological effect in the infant
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