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6 Cards in this Set
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Drug development in the United States takes $15-30 million and takes 15 years. Order these stages for drug development. Lead discovery Target discovery Clinical development Preclinical development Informatics and Functional genomics Cellular and molecular pharmacology |
1) Target discovery 2) Informatics and Functional genomics 3) Lead discovery 4) Cellular and molecular pharmacology 5) Preclinical development 6) Clinical development |
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Which is not true of target discovery? 1) Takes 3-5 years 2) Focuseson target validation (feasibility) 3) And assay development to isolate the target in vitro for feasible follow-up 4) None of the above |
1) Target discovery takes 1-2 years to find a receptor, organ, or enzyme for a drug to act upon. This relies on brute force computation, careful analysis of the history of a drug to find a suspected target, or analysis using models, cells, or computer programs |
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Which of these is not true of informatics and functional genomics? 1) structural intimation, 3D QSAR for example 2) genomics and proteonomics 3) Takes 1-2 years when using biological agents 4) none of the above |
4) Informatics and functional genomics requires careful analysis into why a drug works on the receptor it does. Once the key fits, informatics looks at the structure of the key in 3 dimensions to see specific receptor binding sites, amino acid couples, pH or ion receptivity and other reasons for the key to fit or reasons to modify a drug agent to make it fit better. This takes 1 to 2 years. |
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Which of these is not true for leaddiscovery stages? 1) Uses low-throughput screening (LTS) and initialsynthesis 2) Develop assays and test them, apply them in high throughput screening to find the lead structure 3) Then biochemistry and enzymology play a role when moving forward for lead optimization 4) Takes 2-3 years |
1) Lead discovery uses High Through put Screening to identify the core structure required to activate a target in the body so next generation drugs can be studied for a similar effect. Example Sulfonylurea core with sulfate amino urea for binding SUR receptor to treat diabetes |
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Drug development in the United States takes $15-30 million and takes 15 years. Which of these is the last stage before in vivo trial Lead discovery Target discovery Clinical development Preclinical development Informatics and Functional genomics Cellular and molecular pharmacology |
Cellular and molecular pharmacology is the last step before live models. This stage is the in vitro stage checking to see if cancer or other organ damage can be seen in specific cell lines from the drug being manufactured, but can run parallel to live model studies |
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Preclinical development uses which of the following: 1) a screwdriver, duct tape, and a paperclip because we are Macgyvering this thing 2) Monkeys, or guinea pig, or mice cause we love them animals 3) Liver cells 4) Human test subjects |
2) Preclinical development of a drug uses animal in vivo models to test drugs, half-life, excretion, and metabolism. This is the first step to creating an agent safe for human use by assessing safety and toxicity in an entire body and assessing if metabolites remain active or can induce their own toxicities. This stage takes 3 to 5 years of drug development |
