Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
ADP Receptor Blockers
|
- irreversibly alters the plasma membranes of platelets (cant receive signals necessary for them to aggregrate); given to prevent thrmobi formation
- EX; Clopidrogel (Plavix); Ticlopindine (Ticlid) |
|
|
|
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)
|
-inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
-analgesic and atipyretic effects -ex: ibuprofen; APA, vioxx -side effects: ulcers; occult bleeding |
|
|
|
antibiotics
|
- inhibts bacterial protein synthesis
- interupts nucleic acid synthesis - interferes with normal metabolism -ex: penicillin; sulfanomides; tetracyclines; refampin; cephalosporins |
- bactericidal = causes irrereversible and lethal damge to bacteria
- bacteriostatic = inhibts bacterial growth - not all are effective agianst pathogens - broad spectrum is active against gram pos and neg bacteria |
|
|
Steroids
|
-suppress the development of inflammatory symptoms (heat, redness, swelling, tenderness)
-suppress symptoms used in diagnosis of inflammation - ex: hydrocortisone |
|
|
|
Antiviral agents
|
- interupt viral replication
- priamry target is viral RNA or DNA - some agents active only agianst RNA only or DNA only, some agianst both - ex: acyclovir (herpes simplex, varicella zoster); retrovir &AZT (HIV); ribavirin (RSV, influenza A or B) |
|
|
|
Antifungal agents
|
- Polyene family = combines with fungal cell membranes causing leakage of the fungal cell contents and lysis of cell
- ex: amphotericin B; nystatin - Imidazole inhibts synthesis of components that form cell membrane and casue damage of integrity of cell membrane - ex: fluconazole |
|
|
|
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
|
- inhibts angiotensin converting enzyme wich is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstictor and stimulater of aldosterone
- aldosterone stimulates na and h2o reabsorption which can lead to fluid overload and CHF - side effects = rash; decreased bp; increased K; hypovolemia; sexual dysunction; cough; angioedema - Ex: captropril (Capoten); Enalapril (Vasotec); Lisinporil(Prinovil); Quinalpril (Accupril) |
|
|
|
Angiotensin 2 Receptor Blockers
|
- Blocks binding of angiotensin 2 on its receptors, causing reduced aldosterone cncentration in blood and decreases BP
- SE: cough; headache; dizziness; fatigue; insomnia; impotence - Ex: Losartan (Cozaar); Valsartan (Diovan) |
|
|
|
Osmotic Diuretics
|
- increases the osmolaity if the tubular filtrate
- pulls h20 from ciculation - ex: Mannitol |
|
|
|
Alpha(2)Adrenergic Agents
|
- centrally acting
- affects cardiovascular center in the CNS, causing decrease in sympathetic output, resulting in vasodilation and decreased BP and HR - SE: drowsiness; sedation; orthostatic hypotension; CHF; dysrhythmias; decreased libido - Ex; Clonidine (Catapres); Methyldopa (Aldomet) |
|
|
|
Loop/ High ceiling diuretic
|
- reduces reabsorption of Na in Loop of Henle
- ex: Lasix; Bumex |
|
|
|
Alpha (1) Adrenergic Blcokers
|
- Generally considered peripherally acting
- Blocks stimulation of the SNS (fight.flight) at the alpha adrenergic recpetor - leads to vasodilation decreasing BP - SE: orthostatic hyptoension; drowsiness; sexual impotence; diarrhea - Ex: Doxazosin (cardura): Prazosin (Minipress) |
|
|
|
Thiazide Diuretics
|
- Prevent the reabsorption of Na in distal convulted tubule
- Ex: Diuril; HydroDiuril; Diulo |
|
|
|
Antihyperlipidemic Drugs
|
- reduces plasma level at various lipoproteins, especiall cholesterol
-SE: muscle pain; weakness; malaise; heamtologic and liver function changes -EX: Fibrates = Gemifibrozil (Lopid), Fenofibrate (Tricor): - EX: HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (Statins) = Atorvastatin (Lipitor); Lovastatin (Mevacor); Simvastatin (Zocor) EX: Vitamin B3 = Nicotinin Acid (Niacin) |
|
|
|
Potassium Sparing Diuretic
|
- reduces Na reabsorption and increases potassium secretion in late distal tubule or cortical collecting tubule
- ex: Aldactone |
|
|
|
Anticoagulants
|
- Heparin: enhances the inhibitory action of antithrombin III; therapuetic dose 1.5-2.5 times PTT; antidote: protamine sulfate
- Warfarin (Coumadin): inhibits the hepatic synthesis of various coagulation factors (2,7,9,10); therapeutic dose 1.5-2.5 PT; antidote = vitamin K - Low molecular weight heparins: similar to heparin, but inhibition is more specific to factor X; more stabel response; fewer side effects EX: Enoxaparin (lovenox) |
|
|
|
Diuretics
|
- reduces plasma volume and decreases peripheral resistance
- Side effects: orthostatic HTN; increased uriantion; hypokalemia leading to dysryhtmias |
|
|
|
Antiplatelet Aggregrate
|
- binds to enzymes in platelts which inhibit platelet aggregration; slide past each other - doesnt build up to form clots
- ex: ASA (aspirin); Dipyridamole(Persantine) |
|
|
|
Antidysrhythmics
|
- Lidocaine = ventricular dysrhythmias
- Cordorone (Aminodorone)= ventricular dysrhytmias - Bretylium = ventricular dysryhtmias - Procainamide (Procan) = atrial and ventricular dysr. - Quinidine = atrial dysr. |
|
|
|
Calcium Channel Blockers
|
- inhibts transport of Ca into myocardial cells causing the arteriolar smooth mucle to relax
- lowers peripheral resistance - reduces BP - SE: hypotension; bradycardia; peripheral edema; dizziness; headache - Ex: Verapamil ( Calan, Isoptin); Diltiazem (Cardizem) |
|
|
|
Beta Blockers
|
- Decreases Heart rate (neg chonotrope) and BP
- decreases force of contraction by reducing contractility (neg inotrope) - SE: bronchospasms; bradycardia; heart block; hypotension; sexual dysfunction; masked hypoglycemic response - EX; Atenolol ( Tenormin); Metoprolol (lopressor, Torpol); Propranolol (Inderal) |
|
|
|
Vasodilators
|
- directly relaxes vascualr smooth muscle which results in vasodilation and decreases BP, decrease peripheral vascualr resistance, leading to reduced afterload
- SE; fluid retention; reflex tachycardia; dizziness; anemai; hypotension - EX; Hydralazine(Apresoline); Minoxidil (Loniten); Nitroglycerin |
|
|
|
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Blockers
|
- Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa is an enzyme important for platelet aggregration
- prevents thrombus formation - very effective - very $$ Ex; Abciximab (ReoPro); Eptifibatide ( Integrillin); Tirofiban (Aggrastat) |
|
|
|
Thrombolytic
|
- Promotes fibrinolysis (clot destruction) by converting plasminogen to plasmin
- Enzyme plasmin digests fibrin and breaks down fibrinogen, prothrombin and other plasma proteins and clotting factors - dissolves the thrombi EX; Alteplase (Activase, t-PA); Reteplase (Retavase) |
|
|
|
Morphine Sulfate
|
- decreases workload of heart
- decreases anxiety - decreases pain |
|
|
|
Nitrates
|
- used as coronary artery vasodiltor
- decreases venous return - deceases cardiac workload |
|
|
|
Vasodilating agents
|
- Ca Channel blockers
EX: Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) - Beta blockers EX: Atenolol (Tenormin); Metoprolol (lopressor, Toprol); Propranolol (Inderal) - Alpha- Adrenergic Blocker EX: Nitroprusside (Nipride) |
|
|
|
Inotropic Agents
|
- Dopamine = increases force of contraction; increases HR; increases renal perfusion at low doses
- Dobutamine = increases force of contraction - Phosphodiesterase inhibitors = Inamrinone (Inocor) - Cardiac glycosides = Digitalis |
|
