Drug Class - Antiretrovirals

Front 1

Name 3 groups of antiretrovirals.

Back 1

non-nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors
nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors
protease inhibitors

Front 2

Name 3 non-nucleoside reverse transciptase inhibitors?

Back 2

delavirdine Rescriptor

efavirenz Sustiva

nevirapine Viramune

Front 3

Name 6 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors?

Back 3

abacavir Ziagen

didanosine ddl,
dideoxyinosine, Videx, Videx EC

lamivudine Epivir, Epivir HBV, 3TC

stavudine d4T, Zerit, Zerit XR

tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Viread

zidovudine {Apo-Zidovudine}, azidothymidine, AZT, {Novo-AZT}, Retrovir

Front 4

Name 6 protease inhibitors?

Back 4

amprenavir Agenerase

indinavir Crixivan

lopinavir/ritonavir
Kaletra

nelfinavir Viracept

ritonavir Norvir

saquinavir Fortovase, Invirase

Front 5

Antiretrovirals are used in the management of ____ infection.

Back 5

HIV

Front 6

Antiretrovirals improve ____ cell counts and ____ viral load.

Back 6

CD4

decrease

Front 7

If accomplished, this generally results in slowed progression of the disease, improved quality of life, and decreased _______ infections.

Back 7

opportunistic

Front 8

Perinatal use of agents also prevents transmission of the virus to the _____.

Back 8

fetus

Front 9

Post-exposure ______ with antiretrovirals is also recommended.

Back 9

prophylaxis

Front 10

Because of the rapid emergence of ______ and _____ of individual agents, HIV infection is almost always managed by a combination of agents.

Back 10

resistance

toxicities

Front 11

Selections and doses are based on individual _____, underlying organ system disease, concurrent drug therapy, and severity of illness.

Back 11

toxicities

Front 12

Up to how many agents may be used simultaneously?

Back 12

4

(More than 100 agents are currently being tested in addition to those already approved by FDA

Front 13

Contraindications to retrovirals include?

Back 13

hypersensitivity

(due to highly varying toxicities, there are many more, so refer to individual monographs)

Front 14

Many antiretrovirals require modification for ____ impairment.

Back 14

renal

Front 15

Protease inhibitors may cause _____ and should be used cautiously in patients with diabetes.

Back 15

hyperglycemia

Front 16

______ may also be at risk of bleeding when taking protease inhibitors.

Back 16

Hemophiliacs

Front 17

There are many significant and potentially serious _____-____ interactions among antiretrovirals.

Back 17

drug-drug

Front 18

Assess patient for change in severity of symptoms of ____ and for symptoms of opportunistic infections throughout therapy.

Back 18

HIV

Front 19

Monitor ____ load and ____ counts prior to and periodically during therapy.

Back 19

viral

CD4

Front 20

3 potential nursing diagnoses?

Back 20

Infection, risk for
Knowledge, deficient, related
to disease processes and
medication regimen
Noncompliance

Front 21

When should doses be administered?

Back 21

around the clock

Front 22

Antiretrovirals should not be shared with others. Instruct patient to take medication exactly as directed, around the clock, even if sleep is interrupted. Emphasize the importance of complying with therapy, not taking more than prescribed amount, and not discontinuing without consulting hcp. Patient should not double doses. Long-term effects are unknown. What should patient do if a dose is missed?

Back 22

Missed doses should be taken as soon as remembered unless almost time for next dose.

Front 23

Inform patient that antiretroviral therapy does not cure ____ and does not reduce the risk of HIV to others through sexual contact or blood contamination.

Back 23

HIV

Front 24

Caution patient to use a _____ during sexual contact.

Back 24

condom

Front 25

Caution patient to avoid sharing needles or donating blood to prevent spreading the ____ virus to others.

Back 25

AIDS

Front 26

Advise patient to avoid taking any ___ or ____ medications or herbal or alternative therapies without consulting hcp.

Back 26

RX or OTC

Front 27

Emphasize the importance of regular follow-up exams and ___ ____ to determine progress and monitor for side effects.

Back 27

blood counts

Front 28

Effectiveness of therapy can be demonstrated by a decrease in ____ ____ and increase in ___ counts in patients with HIV.

Back 28

viral load

CD4