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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are antiinfectives (antibiotics) used for?
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Treatment and prophylaxis of various bacterial infections
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How do antiinfectives work?
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kill (bactericidal) or inhibit the growth of (bacteriostatic) susceptible pathogenic bacteria
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Antiinfectives are not active against _____ or _____.
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viruses or fungi
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Antiinfective agents are subdivided into categories depending on _____ and _____ spectrum.
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chemical
antimicrobial |
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What testing is desirable to optimize therapy?
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culture and susceptibility
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Dosage modification may be required in patients with what two types of insufficiency?
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hepatic
renal |
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Use cautiously in?
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pregnancy and lactating women
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Prolonged inappropriate use of broad spectrum antiinfective agents may lead to _______ with fungi or resistant bacteria.
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superinfection
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_______ and ______ chemically inactivate each other and should not be physically admixed.
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penicillins and aminoglycosides
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_________ may decrease hepatic metabolism of other drugs.
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Erythromycins
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___________ increases serum levels of penicillins and related compounds.
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Probenecid
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High protein-bound antiinfectives such as _______ may displace or be displaced by other highly bound drugs.
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sulfonamides
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Name 2 extended-spectrum penicillins and 3 cephalosporins which may increase the risk of bleeding with anticoagulants, thrombolytic agents, antiplatelet agents, or NSAIDS?
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penicillins:
ticarcillin piperacillin cephalosporins: cefamandole cefoperazone cefotetan |
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Which antiinfective group's absorption is decreased by antacids, bismuth subsalicylate, iron salts, sucralfate, and zinc salts?
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Fluoroquinolone
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What should be assessed for prior to and throughout therapy?
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signs and symptoms
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Determine the previous ______ in patients receiving penicillins or cephalosporins?
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hypersensitivities
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Obtain specimens for ______ and ______ prior to initiating therapy. First dose may be given before receiving results.
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culture and sensitivity
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Three Potential Nursing Diagnoses?
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Infection, risk for
Knowledge deficit, related to medication regimen Noncompliance |
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Most anti-infectives should be administered around the clock to maintain therapeutic serum drug levels.
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okay
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Instruct patient to continue taking medication around the clock until completely finished even if feeling better.
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okay
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Advise patient to report the signs of _______ (black, furry overgrowth on the tongue, vaginal itching or discharge; loose or foul-smelling stools) and ______ to hcp.
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superinfection
allergy |
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Instruct patient to notifiy hcp if ______ and _____ develop, esp. if stool contains pus, blood, or mucus. Advise patient not to treat diarrhea without consulting hcp. Notifiy hcp if symptoms do not improve.
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fever
diarrhea |
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Effectiveness of therapy can be demonstrated by?
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resolution of the signs and symptoms of infection
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Length of time for effectiveness of therapy depends on _____ and site of _____.
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organism
infection |
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Name 7 aminoglycosides?
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amikacin
gentamicin kanamycin neomycin netilmicin streptomycin tobramycin |
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Name 2 carbapenems?
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ertapenem
imipenem/cilastatin |
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Name 5 first-generation cephalosporins?
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cefadroxil
cefazolin cephalexin cephapirin cephradine |
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Name 8 second-generation cephalosporins?
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cefaclor
cefmetazole cefonicid cefotetan cefoxitin cefprozil cefuroxime loracarbef |
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Name 10 third-generation cephalosporins?
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cefdinir
cefepime cefoperazone cefotaxime cefpodoxime ceftazidime ceftibuten cefditoren ceftizoxime ceftriaxone |
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Name 4 extended spectrum penicillins?
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piperacillin
piperacillin/tazobactam ticarcillin ticarcillin/clavulanate |
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Name 12 fluoroquinolones?
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alatrofloxacin
ciprofloxacin enoxacin gatifloxacin gemifloxacin levofloxacin lomefloxacin moxifloxacin norfloxacin ofloxacin sparfloxacin trovafloxacin |
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Name 3 macrolides?
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azithromycin
clarithromycin erythromycin |
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Name 12 penicillins?
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amoxicillin
amoxicillin/clavulanate ampicillin ampicillin/subactam benzathine penicillin penicillin G penicillin V procaine penicillin G cloxacillin dicloxacillin nafcillin oxacillin |
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Name 4 sulfonamides?
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trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
doxycycline minocycline tetracycline |
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Name 8 miscellaneous anti-infectives?
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drotrecogin
linezolid metronidazole mupirocin nitrofurantoin quinupristin/dalfopristin trimethoprim vancomycin |
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Name 11 groups of antiinfectives?
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aminoglycosides
carbapenems first-generation cephalosporins second-generation cephalosporins third-generation cephalosporins extended spectrum penicillins fluoroquinolones macrolides penicillins sulfonamides miscellaneous |
