Drug Class - Anticoagulants

Front 1

What are anticoagulants used for?

Back 1

prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disorders including:
DVT
PE
atrial fibrillation with
embolization
MI management
in combination with thrombo-
lytic agents and/or
antiplatelet agents

Front 2

Anticoagulants are used to prevent?

Back 2

clot extension
clot formation

Front 3

Anticoagulants DO NOT dissolve _____?

Back 3

clots

Front 4

Two most commonly used anticoagulants are?

Back 4

parenteral heparins
oral warfarin

Front 5

Therapy is usually INITIATED with _____ or a _____- like agent because of rapid onset of action, while MAINTENANCE therapy consists of _____.

Back 5

heparin
heparin
warfarin

Front 6

Warfarin takes ______ days to produce therapeutic anticoagulation.

Back 6

several

Front 7

In serious or severe thromboemoblic events, _____ therapy may be preceded by thrombolytic therapy.

Back 7

heparin

Front 8

Low doses of ______ or ____-like compounds and _____ are mostly used to prevent deep vein thrombosis after certain surgical procedures and in similar situations in which prolonged bedrest increases the risk of thromboembolism

Back 8

heparin
heparin
fondaparinux

Front 9

Which two agents are used as anticoagulation in patients who have developed thrombocytopenia during heparin therapy?

Back 9

argatroban
lepirudin

Front 10

Contraindications for anticoagulants? (5)

Back 10

underlying coagulation
disorders
ulcer disease
malignancy
recent surgery
active bleeding

Front 11

Anticoagulation should be undertaken cautiously in any patient with a potential site for _______.

Back 11

bleeding

Front 12

Pregnant or lactating patients should not receive _____.

Back 12

warfarin

Front 13

Heparin does not cross the _____

Back 13

placenta

Front 14

Heparin and heparin-like agents should be used cautiously in patients receiving ______ analgesia.

Back 14

epidural

Front 15

Warfarin is highly _____ bound and may displace or be displaced by other highly _____- bound drugs. The resultant interactions depend on which drug is _____.

Back 15

protein
protein
displaced

Front 16

Bleeding may be potentiated by 1_____ or large doses of 2_____ or 3______ -like drugs, cefamandole
cefoletan
cefoperazone
plicamycin
valproic acid
NSAIDS

Back 16

1 aspirin
2 penicillin
3 penicillin

Front 17

Assess patient taking anticoagulants for signs of 1_____ and 2______.
Signs of these 2 symptoms include? (9)

Back 17

1 bleeding
2 hemorrhage

bleeding gums
nosebleed
unusual bruising
tarry, black stools
hematuria
fall in hematocrit or blood
pressure
guaiac-positive stools
urine
NG aspirate

Front 18

Assess patient for evidence of additional or increased _____. Symptoms will depend on the area of involvement.

Back 18

thrombosis

Front 19

Monitor 1_____ _____ or
2_____ with warfarin therapy.

Back 19

1 prothrombin time
2 INR

Front 20

Monitor 1______ _____ ______ ____ with full-dose heparin therapy

Back 20

1 aPTT

Front 21

Two other lab studies to monitor during therapy are? (2)

Back 21

hematocrit
other clotting factors

Front 22

While going through antiplatelet therapy, monitor 1 _____ _____.
Prolonged bleeding time, which is time and dose dependent, is expected.

Back 22

1 bleeding time

Front 23

TOXICITY AND OVERDOSE:
If overdose occurs or anticoagulation needs to be immediately reversed, the antidote for heparins is
1 ____ ____

Back 23

1 protaminen sulfate

Front 24

TOXICITY AND OVERDOSE:
If overdose occurs or anticoagulation needs to be immediately reversed, the antidote for warfarin is ____ ____

Back 24

1 vitamin K (phytonadione (AquaMEPHYTON)

Front 25

Administration of 1____ _____ or 2_____ may also be required in severe bleeding due to warfarin because of the delayed onset of vitamin K.

Back 25

1 whole blood
2 plasma

Front 26

Potential Nursing Diagnoses?
(3)

Back 26

Tissue perfusion, altered
Injury, risk for
Knowledge deficit, related
to medication regimen

Front 27

Inform all hcps caring for patient of anticoagulant therapy. _______ and ____ sites require application of pressure to prevent bleeding or hematoma formation.

Back 27

Venipuncture
injection

Front 28

Use an 1____ _____ with continuous 2_____ to ensure accurate dosage.

Back 28

1 infusion pump
2 infusions

Front 29

Caution patient to avoid activities leading to injury, to usa a 1_____ ____
and 2______ _____ and to report any symptoms of unusual bleeding or bruising to hcp immediately.

Back 29

1 soft toothbrush
2 electric razor

Front 30

Instruct patient not to take OTC medications, especially those containing (3) without advice of hcp.

Back 30

aspirin
NSAIDs
alcohol

Front 31

Review foods high in 1_____ ____ with patients on warfarin. Patient should have consistent limited intake of these foods, as 2 ____ ____ is the antidote for warfarin and greatly alternating intake of these foods will cause PT levels to fluctuate.

Back 31

1 vitamin K
2 vitamin K

Front 32

Emphasize the importance of frequent lab tests to monitor 1_____ _____.

Back 32

1 coagulation factors

Front 33

Instruct patient to carry ID describing medication regimen at all times and to inform all hcps caring for patient of anticoagulation therapy before 1______ _____,
2______, or 3______.

Back 33

laboratory tests
treatment
surgery

Front 34

Clinical response can be evaluated by? (4)

Back 34

prevention of undesired
clotting and its sequelae
without signs of
hemorrhage
prevention of stroke, MI,
and death in patients
at risk

Front 35

Four groups of anticoagulants are?

Back 35

coumarin
factor xa inhibitors
heparin/heparinoids/low-
molecular weight heparins
thrombin inhibitors

Front 36

Coumarin is? (1)

Back 36

warfarin Coumadin {Warfilone}

Front 37

Factor xa inhibitor is? (1)

Back 37

fondaparinux Arixtra

Front 38

Heparin/heparinoids/low-molecular weight heparins are? (4)

Back 38

dalteparin Fragmin
danaparoid Orgaran
enoxaparin Lovenox
tinzaparin Innohep

Front 39

Thrombin inhibitors are? (3)

Back 39

argatroban Argatroban
bivalirudin Angiomax
lepirudin Refludan