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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a drug? |
Any substance that produces significant physiological or psychological changes which occur within a reasonable time after dosing and which result from an easily ingested dose. |
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Drugs are used to... |
-sustain and prolong life -ease and manage pain, symptoms -release stress and pressure -experiment, recreationally -end someone's life |
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List some common drugs. |
alcohol tobacco/nicotine cocaine/crack marijuana heroin ecstasy bath salts |
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What was popular in the 1960's? |
hallucinogens, amphetamines, barbiturates were popular and marijuana was the most widely abused illicit drug in the US. |
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What was popular in the 1970's? |
heroin |
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What was popular in the 1980/90s? |
cocaine/crack |
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Drug dependence |
demonstrated when one becomes physically ill or psychologically disoriented when drug use is discontinued. |
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What is the most abused drug in the Western world? |
alcohol |
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Physiological (physical) dependence |
occurs when someone takes a substance in increasing dosages because the body requires MORE of the substance for the same, not increased, effect |
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Psychological Dependence |
occurs when the desire for a substance overtakes the rest of a person's life |
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6 basic categories of drugs and how they are categorized |
1. narcotic drugs 2. stimulants 3. hallucinogens 4.depressants, hypnotics, and tranquilizers 5. club drugs 6. performance-enhancing drugs *categorized based on drugs abuse |
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Narcotics |
substances that bring relief from pain and produce sleep |
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narcotics are also referred to as _____________ |
analgesics |
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what are narcotics used for legally? |
painkillers |
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what are narcotics used for illegally? |
euphoric purposes |
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regular use of narcotics will result in ________________ ___________________ |
physiological dependence |
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___________ are sometimes used to describe any illicit substance |
narcotics |
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opium |
dried sap from opium poppy plant |
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opium is made up of ... |
morphoine (largest single drug component in opium) and codeine (second largest) |
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how is OxyContin produced and what is it related to? |
synthetically & morphine and heroin |
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heroin is usually found in _________ ___________ |
gladdine envelopes |
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heoin's fillers can include... |
novocain, starch, levamisole, flour, etc. |
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what is a distinctive and found on heroin packaging? |
a stamp for marketing purposes |
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common items used during heroin process |
rubber bands stamps spoons candles syringes
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stimulants |
increase an individual's mental and physical energy level |
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stimulants stimulate the ______ |
CNS |
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stimulants will suppress... |
the desire to sleep
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stimulants will give a higher-than-normal energy level leading to a _________ |
crash |
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types of stimulants |
caffeine cocaine amphetamines |
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cocaine's technical name |
benzoylmethylecognine |
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how does cocaine smell |
sour |
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cocaine hydrochloride vs. base |
hyrdrochloride=powder, snorted base="crack", "freebase", smoked |
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cocaine produces a ___________ high |
short/intense |
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how is cocaine produced |
extracted from erythrocylon cocoa plant leaves |
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cocaine packages called... |
twists |
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twists are created with |
corners of plastic bags |
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amphetamine stimulates the ________ |
CNS |
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amphetamine creates a feeling of _______ with ____________ |
euphoria hyperactivity |
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amphetamines cause a ______ ________ followed by...and then... |
quick rush intense feelings of pleasure exhaustion and depression |
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____________ are possible with amphetamines |
hallucinations |
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methamphetamine was originally used to treat... |
narcolepsy and other conditions |
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what is methamphetamine's medical use |
it had limited medical use |
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methamphetamine's effects last longer than... |
cocaine |
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methamphetamine is aka ____ |
ice |
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how is methamphetamine administered? |
smoked/inhaled |
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results of methamphetamine |
violent and destructive behavior can cause acute psychosis |
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hallucinogens are used to significantly affect... |
a users mental state |
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types of hallucinogens |
marijuana pcp lsd mushrooms mda/mdma (ecstasy) bath salts |
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marijuana aka |
cannabis sativa |
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marijuana contains |
cannabinoids (cannabinol & cannabidiol & delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol [thc]) hashish hash oil |
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phencyclidine aka |
pcp angel dust |
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pcp causes |
aggression unpleasant hallucinations |
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pcp smells like |
strong chemical smell |
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what is pcp used in conjunction with? |
cigarettes, herbs, and marijuana |
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what does lsd stand for? |
lysergic acid diethylamide |
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small doses of lad cause... |
long and unpleasant hallucinations may occur long after drug has been taken |
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dosage for lad compared to other drugs |
30-50ug 1000x < dose required for other drugs |
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how is lsd distributed? |
stamps |
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active ingregients in mushrooms |
psilocin psilocibin |
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bath salts cause ______________ |
psychosis |
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depressants depress the _______________ |
central nervous system |
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tranquilizers relieve ________ |
anxiety |
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examples of a depressant |
alcohol
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types of tranquelizers |
ambien valium |
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examples of club drugs are... |
ecstasy ghb ketamine |
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anabolic steriods are used for |
for rapid muscle building by promoting cell growth of muscle tissue |
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controlled substance |
a drug named in federal or state controlled substance statutes as illegal to possess other than when prescribed by a physician |
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title 21 united states code (USC) controlled substances act |
-classifies drugs into five schedules -scheduling is based on currently accepted medical use in the united states and potential for abuse |
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schedule 1 |
-high potential for abuse -no current accepted medical use in the us -lack accepted safety for use in medicine
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substances that fall under schedule I |
-heroin -marijuana -lsd -methaqualone |
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schedule II |
-high potential for abuse -current accepted medical use in the US with severe restrictions -potential for severe psychological or physical dependence |
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substances that fall under schedule II |
-opium and its devatives -cocaine -methadone -pcp -dronabinol (synthetic THC) |
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schedule III |
-less potential for abuse vs. I and II -currently accepted medical use in US -potential for low/moderate physical dependence and high psychological dependence |
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substances that fall under schedule III |
-some codeine preparations -barbiturate preparations (except those listed in schedule II) -anabiolic steroids |
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schedule IV |
-low potential for abuse, less than III -current accepted medical use in the US -limited dependence potential |
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substances that fall under schedule IV |
-darvon -phenobarbitol -tranquilizers -librium -valium |
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schedule V |
-low potential for abuse -current accepted medical use in the US -less potential for dependence vs schedule IV drugs |
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substances that fall under schedule V |
-drug mixtures containing nonnarcotic medicinal ingredients or mixtures that contain a drugs from a previous schedule but in a very small amount -cough syrup preparations |
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packaging drug evidence |
-collect entire container -loose material-choose container that will not allow loss of material
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presumptive test for marijuana |
modified duquenois-levine test -add small amount of plant to test tube -add few drops of duquenois-levine reagent (enough to cover material) -add hydrochloric acid (if THC present will turn purple) -add chloroform (will be at bottom. if purple color is drawn down and looks pink/light purple = positive test result) |
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microscopic examination of marijuana 3 types of hair present: |
1. cystolic/cystolithic (bear claw/clear) 2. clothing (long & thin) 3. glandular (amber colored/looks like a lollipop)
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presumptive test for cocaine |
cobalt-thiocynate/scott test -add small amount of material to a spot plate -add few drops of reagent -if present will turn blue |
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marquis test used for and result |
opiates (dark red to purple) amphetamines (orange to brown) |
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screening test for hallucinogens |
van erk |
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examples of screening test |
marquis test van erk |
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confirmatory test |
will react with a specific drug, confirms you have the drug that tested positive during the screening test |
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types of confirmatory tests |
microcrystal test fold chloride |
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gold chloride is used as a confirmatory test for __________ and results in... |
cocaine feathered crystal formation |
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chromatography techniques _________ ____________ of a mixture |
separate components |
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types of chromatography |
gas chromatography thin-layer chromatography |
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spectroscopie techniques provide... |
a complex pattern or spectrum of a specific drug that is different from all other substances |
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types of spectroscopie |
infared spectroscopy mass spectroscopy |
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IR spectroscopy |
fingerprint of a substance based on how much infrared energy is absorbed |
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mass spectroscopy |
-materials are bombarded with electrons that break up the molecule and fragment it into ions -detected through use of a madd sorting device in the mass spectrometer -materials will break the same way every time (jigsaw puzzle) |
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qualitative analysis |
identification of a particular substance WHAT is it? |
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quantitative analysis |
identification of how much a particular substance is present HOW MUCH of that substance is present |
