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153 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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relationship between proof and alcohol content
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-alcohol percentage times 2 equals proof of alcohol
-proof of alcohol divided by 2 equals alcohol percentage |
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how do americans drink most of their alcohol?
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-In order Beer, Wine, and Spirits/Liquor
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Wernke's disease, and what its often related to, what other disorders are common to have with them?
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-associated with deficiency of thiamine(B1) and can sometimes be corrected nutritionally.
-Symptoms include decline of intellect, difficulty manipulating objects , impaired problem solving , and ataxia. -Korasakoff's psychosis is also common-inability to remember recent event or learn new info |
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fetal alcohol syndrome cause and Symptoms
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Cause- mothers use of alcohol during pregnancy
Symptoms- growth retardation before and after birth, abnormal features of the face, small eyes, and flattening of the vertical groove between the nose mouth,abnormal neonatal behavior, and mental retardation. |
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when the temperance movement became prominent?
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late 1700's and early 1800's
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what are some of the underlining reason that the temperance movement moved to prohibition?
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-the growth of temperance toward abstinence
-that the good and true life was being undermined by immigrants( with their lower standard of morality) -Irish, Polish and Italian immigrants |
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what prohibition resulted in?
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-organized crime became more organized and more profitable
-less alcohol consumption -decreased hospital admissions for alcohol dependence and deaths related to alcohol |
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what percentage of half of all alcohol is consumed by the population?
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10%
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Physiological effects theory of heavy drinking? (on slides)
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-peripheral circulation-increase heat loss from body, while feelings warm
-fluid balance-decreases the antidiuretic hormone responsible for retaining fluid. -hormonal effects-chronic users have ball shrinkage, impotence in men and reproductive problems in women |
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what constitutes a drink of alcohol?
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-1 drink consists of;
-1 ounce of spirits -4 ounces of wine -12 ounces of beer |
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what alcohol has been correlated with (slides)?
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A study compared the stress index and alcohol norms and found a correlation with heavy drinking.
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what disease alcohol contributes to?
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Aids because of riskier sexual behavior, and stress on your immune system.
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how chronic disease states often occur in regards to alcohol?
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-BRAIN DAMAGE- alcoholic dementia-caused by tissue loss.
-LIVER DAMAGE -Fatty liver-alcohol used as liver fuel rather than fatty acids, resulting in fat deposits -Cirrhosis-takes about 10 years of steady drinking -Fluid accumulates in the body causing jaundice. -HEART DISEASE-damage to the heart muscle, coronary artery disease, high blood pressure and stroke -CANCER-mouth, tongue, larynx, stomach, liver, lung, pancreas, colon, rectum. -THE IMMUNE SYSTEM-incrase in the freq of TB, pneumonia, yellow fever, cholera, and Hep-B, as well as AIDS. |
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how the slides classifies marijuana?
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is a preparation of a leafy substance form the plant Cannabis
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when did the American public took interest in the drug menace marijuana?
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in the late 1920's early 1930's, when the sensationalized articles came out concerning weed
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what has cannabis been used to treat in the past history?
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medically used in 2737 BC in China for gout, rheumatism, malaria, constipation, and absent-mindedness
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behavioral problem that is more often seen inexperienced users of marijuana?
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-Euphoria/stoned/mellow
-possible paranoria/hallucination -hunger |
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marijuana studies on animals
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-studies demonstrate rats and squirrel monkeys do self administer
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what does marijuana withdrawal consist of?
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-negative mood states (anxiety, restlessness, depression, irritability)
-disrupted sleep -decreased food intake -in some cases aggressive behavior |
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relationship between LSD and physical dependance?
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LSD is not physically addictive, but some people have been known to become psychologically dependent.
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all of these hallucinogens are true except?
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-phantistica
-indole -CATECOL- includes mescaline peyote, ecstasy , DOM, MDA, 2-CB, and 2-C-T7 |
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where are hallucinogens found?
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-chemicals are found in plants
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are hallucinogens man made or natural?
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there are man made hallucinogens, all of the chemicals are found in nature
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what LSD was used for in 1943? (slides)
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-used to try and create a model psychosis for study
-used in psychotherapy to get past roadblocks -experimental treatment for alcohol dependence -used in the hope for terminally ill caner patients -Secret CIA and ARMY research |
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relationship between LSD and receptors in the brain?
tolerance, and how it gets into the blood stream? |
-lsd and receptors: stimulate the serotonin 2A subtype of receptors
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Two general types of LSD trips and highs?
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unlocked secrets and paranoid
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D. Halstad used cocaine for?
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local anesthesia
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what amphetamines have been used to treat?
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ephedrine-used in tea in China for hundreds of years. used treat asthma, hyperactivity, and narcolepsy
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what stimulants been used for in the past?
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local anesthetic, performance enhancers
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whether most species self administer cocaine? and to what point?
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animals will press lever 100 times, suggesting psychological dependence.
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the relation between amphetamines and sexual practice
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-decrease in sexual inhibitions
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Compare and contrast the two types of cocaine
(crack and powder/cocaine) (slides) |
cocaine power- cannot be smoked, interacts with re-uptake of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. schedule 2
crack-can be smoked and they are crystals. schedule 1 |
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Amphetamines in WWI and WWII?
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-help soldiers stake alert during war
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What neurotransmitters have been studied in relation to amphetamines?
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-destruction of catecholamine neurons
-increase the activity of monamine neurotransmitters |
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how to define the other impulse disorders ?
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the essential feature of impulse control disorders is the failure to resist an impulse drive or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the person or to others
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do people in the field debate whether process addictions are really addictions?
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yes
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Which process addictions are listed in the DSM and which ones are not? (text book)
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listed: trichotillomania, pathological gambling, kleptomania, pathological gambling, pyromania, intermittent explosive disorder
not listed: sex addiction, shopping, internet addiction |
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list of cognitive distortions for Gorski
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-euphoric recall
-positive expectancy -trigger event -obsession -compulsion -craving |
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what are the different types of 12 step meetings addressed?
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-sex, drug, games, gambling, al-non etc.
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understand the first AA 12 step meetings, and what has happened since then?
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-started in 1935 by Gil Wilson and Dr. Bob, they were Alcoholics
every group has the same format |
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the relationship between the recovery process and relapse?
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-the recovery process assumes multiple relapses, but you have to accept those relapses as part of the recovery process
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what is the purpose of having the client identify which theory led to his addiction? (text)
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to be aware of these warning signs and can help him be more receptive to challenges if they fall into these phases
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Does addictive thinking go away?
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yes when you find your spiritual awakening
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3 levels of desire for a substance (text)
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-thought
-urge -craving |
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when are cravings in early recovery the strongest? (text)
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when a recovering person is feeling overwhelmed by life's stressors or when feeling periods of self-deprecation
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What are 3 essentials to relapse prevention are:
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-honesty
-open-mindedness -willingness |
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did you know ?
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that juicing marijuana cannot get you high
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Which are the highest selling beers brands?
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-Bud light, Budweiser and Coors
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Imports account for how much percentage of beer sales?
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7 percent.
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What import sells the most beer in the US?
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Corona
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3 examples of generic wines from regions of Europe?
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-Chablis
-Burgundy -Rhine |
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Varietals have to have at least what percentage of one grape?
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51%
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3 examples of Varietals
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-Chardonnay
-Merlot -Zinfandel |
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Brute is the driest of the champagnes?
True or False |
True
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In what year did people in America like and drank alcoholic beverages?
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1700's
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Who wrote a pamphlet indicating a connection between heavy drinking of distilled spirits and jaundice, madness, and epilepsy and what year?
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Benjamin Rush in 1784
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How led the temperance movement?
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Doctors or physicians
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what is required to make a higher concentration of alcohol?
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distillation
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Spirit
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distilled beverage that contains no added sugar and has at least 20%
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beer and wine are made through distillation
True or False |
False, Fermentation
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Between 1908 and 1917 how many licensed bars closed?
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100,000
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what and how did residents continue to drink legally and illegally?
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legally they drank medicines
illegally they drank at speakeasies |
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by 1917 what percentage of the population lived in a dry area?
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64%
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taxes where a major reason alcohol was repelled.
True or False |
True
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how many people did the federal government kill during the "Chemist War" ?
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10,000 people
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What country has the highest rates of alcohol dependence, suicide, and death from cirrhosis of the liver?
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France
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Per capita Americans consumed how much alcohol per year?
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-2 gallons of pure alcohol
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Which Americans have the highest rate of alcohol related problems?
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Irish Americans
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what is the avg amount of drinks consumed by people who drink everyday?
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3 drinks a day
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Do cities or non cities have more drinking problems? and why?
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cities, because of social acceptability, social stress and tension
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A study compared the stress index and alcohol norms and found a correlation with heavy drinking.
True or False |
True
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Which gender comprises the greater drinking population?
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Male
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at what rate is alcohol removed from the liver?
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.25 -.30 ounces per hr or half a drink
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what is the first thing that alcohol does to you?
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lowers inhibitions
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is alcohol a depressant??
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yes a CNS(central nervous system) depressant
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myopia
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nearsightedness, affects your reasoning
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what percentage of murders had been drinking during the crime in Baltimore?
-Sweden? |
-Baltimore: 36%
-Sweden: 70% |
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What percentages of murder victims had been drinking?
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50%
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what percentage of people who commit suicide were drinking alcohol?
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33% or 1/3
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blackout
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-time when drinking alcohol where the person is functioning, but wont remember later.
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Alcohol or its metabolite acetaldehyde can directly cure tissue.
TRUE OR FALSE |
False, it will damage tissue
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heavy alcohol use affects every organ
TRUE or FALSE |
TRUE
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Acute pain
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Acute pain begins suddenly and is usually sharp in quality
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-acute toxicity accidents per year?
-deaths from car accidents per year? |
-accidents deaths- 20,000
-car accident deaths-13,000 |
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how many people per year killed by alcohol poisoning?
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1000 per year
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hangover
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withdrawal from short or long term dependence
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congeners
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toxins to body
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Alcohol has a low sugar content
TRUE OR FALSE |
FALSE
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Alcohol Dependence Withdrawal Stages
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Stage 1-tremor
Stage 2-Hallucinations Stage 3-Delusions Stage 4-Seizure |
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What is genetic vulnerability
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50% chance that if one twin develops alcoholism the other one will too
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3 types of Cannabis
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-Cannabis Sativa-from Asia, grows worldwide mostly used for hemp
-Cannabis Indica-grown for psychoactive properties everywhere -Cannabis Ruderalis-from Russia |
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What is THC?
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makes marijuana addictive
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how much more potent is THC today?
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3-4 times more potent
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what factors affect potency?
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sunshine, moisture, warm weather and portion of plant used
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name 3 preparations for Marijuana
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-Hashish-resin
-Ganja-dried flowering tops -Bhang-used to make candy |
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When was marijuana taxed?
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1937
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How many chemicals in the plant are cannabinoids?
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66
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THC is the most pharmacologically active chemical in marijuana
TRUE OR FALSE |
TRUE
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THC reacts on what receptors?
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CB1 and CB2
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where are the highest quantity of CB1 found in the body?
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-In the cells of the basal ganglia, which coordinates body movement
-hippocampus -cerebellum -cerebral cortex -nucleus accumbens |
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what are the physiological effects of marijuana?
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increased heart rate
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what do these studies on marijuana relate to? what do they seem to contradict? (slides)
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-the fact that it wasn't found to maintain self administration suggested cannabinoids had a low abuse potential.
-this contradicts that that its the most widely used illicit drug in the world |
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cognitive effects of marijuana
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-slowed processing
-impaired short term memory -impaired inhibitory control -loss of sustained concentration -impaired visuospatial processing |
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what is cannabis used to treat today?
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-Glaucoma
-Wasting because of AIDS -Decrease in nausea -Anticonvulsant |
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which DSM has cannabis withdrawal?
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DSM 5 only
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what are acute physiological effects of smoking marijuana?
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increased heart rate isn't a real threat unless one suffers from heart disease or hyper tension
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smoking marijuana is beneficial to the immune system
TRUE OR FALSE |
True
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a-motivational syndrome
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dont have the motivation, diminished motivation
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when did marijuana use peak?, how many people were using?
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1978-1979 at 60%
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what percentage of people used marijuana in 1992?
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32%
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what percentage used marijuana in 2005?
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45%
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Define kleptomania
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inability to refrain from the urge to steal items for reasons other than personal use or financial gain.
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Define intermittent explosive disorder
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behavioral disorder characterized by extreme expressions of anger, often to the point of uncontrollable rage, that are disproportionate to the situation at hand
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Define pyromania
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Pyromania is an impulse control disorder in which individuals repeatedly fail to resist impulses to deliberately start fires, in order to relieve tension, for gratification or relief.
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pathological gambling
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is an urge to continuously gamble despite harmful negative consequences or a desire to stop.
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trichotillomania
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compulsive urge to pull out (and in some cases, eat) one's own hair leading to noticeable hair loss
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impulse control disorder
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class of psychiatric disorders characterized by impulsivity
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process/behavioral addiction
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addiction is described as a pattern of maladaptive behaviors that results in negative consequences similar to those of substance dependence.
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which the only non- substance related disorder?
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pathological gambling
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hypersensitivity
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-a greater sensitivity to stress and a more acute feeling of emotional discomfort than those not addicted.
-"sunburn" of emotions |
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personalizing
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an individual makes a neutral event seem personal, as if the event took place out of malice, without objective evidence of this having occurred.
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false sense of entitlement
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a feeling that something is owed
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fortune telling
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believing you know what will happen days, weeks, or months in advance.
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projection
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defense mechanism originally identified by Freud that has particular relevance to the addicted individual
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catastrophizing
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when someone takes a problem and focuses on the worst-case scenario possible, making the problem seem overwhelming.
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fear of emotion
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trying to control emotions, in fear of becoming out of control
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minimizing
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reducing the severity of the problem or the consequences of the problem
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rationalization
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providing good reasons instead of the true reasons.
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justifying
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explaining the past or recent drug/alcohol use in a manner that makes it a normal reaction
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the first tier of addiction recovery is what kind of recovery?
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cognitive approach
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what is REBT? and who invented it?
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Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy and Albert Ellis
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What is CBT and who invented it?
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Beck
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Who invented Rational Recovery?
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Trimpey
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who invented relapse prevention?
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Gorski
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5 stages of chain of behavior
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-activating behavior-trigger core beliefs
-core beliefs-exist prior to even -thoughts-about the event -feelings-about the event -behavior-in reaction to the event |
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Cognitive challenging (Ellis Formula)
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A=Activating even
B=beliefs about the even behavioral consequences C=emotional D=Disputing Intervention E=Effective Philosophy F=New Feelings |
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3 D's
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-detect
-debate -discrimination |
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another aspect of cognitive challenging?
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reframing-different way of looking at things
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why is reason challenging so important?
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addiction is a disease that distorts reality
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mindfulness helps towards anxiety
TRUE OR FALSE |
TRUE
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Mindfulness, Based, Cognitive, Therapy
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or MBCT
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what kind of drugs are found in the Catechol?
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CATECHOL- includes;
-mescaline peyote, ecstasy , synthetics or amphetamines derivatives |
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tolerance, and how it gets into the blood stream?
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tolerance develops rapidly and absorbed through the gastrointestinal ract
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define 2 categories of reservations
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type 1- future success
type 2- situational reservation |
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pretrial intervention
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if they send me to jail i am getting high
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stipulations
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once stipulation is over they will use again
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Reservations: of little consequence
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i found out i had cancer, i would use drugs
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Reservations: considerations
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if my mom died I would use
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is procrastination a character trait that can lead to substance abuse?
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yes
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3 keys to developing a relapse prevention plan
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-detailed, reasonable, workable
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relapse triggers (internal)
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-anger
-loneliness -grief -rejection -happy-camaraderie -character traits |
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examples of no caring about consequences of a relapse
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lead to an "i-dont-care-what-happens-to-me-" attitude.
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speedballing
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cocaine and heroine at the same time, cocaine speeds up your body ad heroine slows you down
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