Drug Abuse/teratogenicity

Front 1

Best way to avoid substance abuse

Back 1

Prevention from developing into a substance abuser is the most humane and efficient way of reducing drug addiction

Front 2

Addiction

Back 2

Recognized that the clinical problem classified as a mental disorder i.e. psychological dependence
Addicted to anything
Life revolves around it
Compulsive
PHYSICAL dependence is NOT a criteria for addiction

Front 3

The three major criteria charterizing addiction

Back 3

1. it is a compulsive disorder
2. Addicts time devoted to thinking about drugs, doing drugs, obtaining money for drugs
3. High rate of relapse

Front 4

Physical Dependence

Back 4

Begins with the occurrence of tolerance
Tolerance develops when cells change, receptor up or down regulation, to ensure body maintains normal functioning

Front 5

Can physical dependence occur independently of psychological dependence?

Back 5

Yes is can and often does
Physical dependence is NOT a criterion for addiction

Front 6

What does the severity of withdrawl reactions depend on?

Back 6

Amount used per day
Length of time drug been used
Length of time allowed for withdrawl

Front 7

Teratongenicty

Back 7

Literal: monster forming
Practical: substance causeing abnormality of fetal development

Front 8

Teratogenicity Selectivity

Back 8

Interferes directly with fetal development at doses that do not disturb placental function or cause matenal toxicity

Front 9

First two weeks after conception

Back 9

Malformations rarely induced, if embryo survives it becomes a normal individual

Front 10

Third week to Third Month and beyond

Back 10

Highest sensitivity to teratogens
Time malformations will most likely form
After this period may cause fetal injury but not specific malformations

Front 11

Malformations

Back 11

Single teratogen can produce multiple malformations
Can have different teratognes produced in the smae type of malformation

Front 12

Experimental Teratogenesis

Back 12

Animal studies do not reliably predict potential teratogenicty in humans
Malformations are often species and strain dependent

Front 13

Generic-Environmental Interaction Teratogenicity

Back 13

Genotype of fetus may determine relative susceptibility to a teratogen
Malformations may NOT be drug or genetics, may be environment

Front 14

FDA Category A

Back 14

No fetal risk shown in controlled studies

Front 15

FDA Category B

Back 15

No data avaiable or
Studies do NOT show fetal risk

Front 16

FDA Category C

Back 16

Benefit of drug use must clearly justify POTENTIAL fetal risk in this catgory
NO controlled studies on fetal risk available or
No data available

Front 17

FDA Catefgory D

Back 17

Use of drug may be acceptable even with risks, such as in LIFE-THREATENING ILLNESS or whre safer drugs are ineffective
Studies show fetal risk in humans

Front 18

FDA Category X

Back 18

Risk to fetus clearly OUTWEIGHS any benefits from these drugs