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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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velocity of sound through seawater Rate is always |
1.5 km/sec |
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Distance can be |
depth or width |
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echo sounding |
part of the ship's hull- most basic sonar method sound generated by source then receiver on shippicks up echos |
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seismic reflection profiling |
device is towed behind the ship used to image layers of rock underneath the seafloor echos return from internal layers ultrasound |
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Side scan sonar |
"tow fish" towed from ship black and white rocky and sandy features |
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swath |
like echo sounder sweeps wider area wider area than echo sounder more expensive |
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high frequency |
gives detail |
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low frequency |
gives depth |
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anticlines |
when rocks are folded upward (oil and gas trapped near axis of the fold) |
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synclines |
when rocks are folded downward |
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abyssal hills |
the majority of the oceanic province features 3-4km |
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abyssal plains |
flat features 1: 1000 5-6 km |
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ridges |
underwater mountain ranges |
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guyots |
flattened seamounts |
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seamounts |
volcanoes that don't break the surface |
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trench |
deep crevice, >6 km
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passive continental margins |
shelf, slope, rise |
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active continental margins |
shelf, slope, trench |
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beach to shelf break range |
0-300m |
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depth world's ocean |
3.7/3.8km |
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continental shelf |
128 m 1:500 |
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continental margin province |
shelf, slope, rise |
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gradient |
slope/steepness, ratio, rise/run |
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shelf break |
300 m deep |
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two basic parts of crust |
granite, basalt come together mid-slope |
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vertical exaggeration |
x and y axis not on same scale vertical/horizontal- ratios |
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small scale |
1: big number (wider area in view) country |
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large scale |
1: small number (smaller area in detail) city |
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oceanic ridge province |
continuous volcanic mountain chain >65,000 km 26% of earth's surface. Steep, rugged, seismic activity, extensive volcanism and high heat flow. |
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slope |
300 m- 3 km 1:40 |
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magnetic north |
0 degrees. use for navigation in ocean |
