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219 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ACTUAL SIZE
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The size of the part as measured
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ALLOWANCE
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The minimum clearance or maximum interference between two mating parts
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BASIC SIZE
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The size from which the limits of size are derived by the application of allowances and tolerance
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CLEARANCE
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The space between two mating parts
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FEATURE
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A portion of a part, such as a hole, keyway, or flat surface
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LEAST MATERIAL CONDITION
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The maximum hole diameter or minimum shaft diameter; when a part weighs the least
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LIMITS
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The maximum and minimum allowable sized of a feature
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MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION
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The minimum hole diameter or maximum shaft diameter; when the part weights the most
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REFERENCE DIMENSION
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A non-toleranced dimension used for information purposes only; it may not govern production or inspection
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TOLERANCE
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The total amount by which the part dimension are permitted to vary
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UNILATERAL TOLERANCE
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Variation of size in one direction either positive or negative
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BILATERAL TOLERANCE
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Variation of size in both directions positive and negative
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SPECIFIC TOLERANCE
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Stated with dimension in field of drawing
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GENERAL TOLERANCE
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Stated in title block
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CLEARANCE FIT TOLERANCE
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Internal dimension maintains a smaller size than external between mating parts.
Fit type: RC - Running & sliding, LC - Locational clearance. |
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INTERFERENCE FIT TOLERANCE
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Internal dimension maintains a larger size than external between mating parts.
Fit type: LT - Transition |
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TRANSITIONAL FIT TOLERANCE
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Condition where a clearance or interference fit may be present between mating parts.
Fit type: LN - Locational interference, FN - Force or shrink. |
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BASIC HOLE SYSTEM
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Minimum hole size is used as the base size for fit tolerance calculations
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BASIC SHAFT SYSTEM
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Maximum shaft size is used as the basic size for fit tolerance calculations
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Are dimension and extension lines permitted to cross?
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No
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Are dimension lines permitted to cross each other?
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No
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How should a cylindrical feature be dimensioned?
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With its length and diameter in the rectangular view
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What is the size of dimensional figures?
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.125" (3mm) tall
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How is a dimension on a drawing noted that is not to scale?
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Must be underlined or denoted either NTS or NOT TO SCALE
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Where should the shoulder of a leader start?
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Either the beginning or the end of a note with the shoulder mid height of the lettering
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Are dimensional figures permitted in a sectioned area?
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Only if necessary, and a clear space should be provided
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Where and what is a local note?
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Applied directly to a view of the drawing and supplies manufacturing information
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Is it permissible for extension lines to cross extension lines?
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Yes
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How are machining operation notes managed?
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Given in the order they are to be performed
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Which dimensions do not have tolerances?
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Reference
Max or min Commercial stock |
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ACUTE SCALENE TRIANGLE
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Acute: no interior angle is greater than 90 degrees
Scalene: no equal sides or angles |
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OBTUSE SCALENE TRIANGLE
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Obtuse: one angle is greater than 90 degrees
Scalene: no equal sides or angles |
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RHOMBUS
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Equal length of sides; "squished" square
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RHOMBOID
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Opposite length of sides equal; "squished" square
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TRAPEZIUM
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Four-sided shapes with no parallel sides
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CHORD
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Any straight line whose opposite ends terminate on the circumference of a circle
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COMPLEMENTARY ANGLES
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Two angles whose sum is 90 degrees
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MAJOR AXIS
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The long axis of an ellipse
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SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES
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Two angles whose sum is 180 degrees
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CIRCUMSCRIBED
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A figure bounding so as to touch in as many places possible
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INSCRIBED
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A figure encircled so as to touch as many places possible
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BEVEL
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A slanted surface not at 90° to another surface
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ROUND
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An exterior corner found on cast, forged or molded parts
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SKEW LINES
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Lines that are non-intersecting, non-parallel in 3-D space
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QUADRILATERAL
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A plane figure bounded by four straight sides
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RULES FOR SELECTING THE PROPER FRONT VIEW
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1) Show the part in its normal operating position
2) Select the view that shows the part's most descriptive shape 3) Select the view to eliminate hidden lines in adjacent views 4) Place the longest dimension of the part in the front view 5) Select the front view that gives the part a stable position on the drawing sheet |
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How do lines appear on orthographic projection?
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As points, foreshortened, or true length
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Do hidden lines or centerlines have precedence on the drawing?
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Hidden lines
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THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION
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Used in USA & Canada
Views are projected on planes between teh part and the person viewing the object |
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FIRST ANGLE PROJECTION
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Used outside the USA
Views are projected on planes behind the part Usually drawn in metric |
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What is the function of a section view?
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To show complicated interiors of parts that are difficult to interpret through the use of hidden lines
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Do section lines need to be all at the same angle for a single part?
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Yes
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Can section lines identify material?
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They can identify the general class of material such as steel, brass or rubber
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Do section lines need to be all at the same angle for a single part?
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Yes
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What are shown unsectioned?
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Thin items such as gaskets or sheet metal
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FULL SECTION
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The cutting plane line extends straight through the object, generally at the centerline of symmetry
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HALF SECTION
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The cutting plane passes half-way through the object, removing 1/4 of the object
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OFFSET SECTION
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To include features that do not appear in a straight line, the cutting plane may be offset to pass through the features
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ALIGNED SECTION
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The cutting plane is offset to pass through features that are then rotated into a plane perpendicular to the line of sight of the section view
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BROKEN-OUT SECTION
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Where only a portion of the object needs to be shown in the section, teh section is limited by a short freehand break line. NO CUTTING PLANE LINE IS REQUIRED.
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REVOLVED SECTION
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A cutting plane line is passed through the object and revolved 90 degrees in place towards the plane of the drawing; used to show the cross-section of a spoke, bar, rib, etc.
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REMOVED SECTION
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A section that is not a direct projection from teh view with the cutting plane. Tahe section view is generally moved from its normal projection position, but must remain in its true orthographic orientation.
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What objects are not sectioned?
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Webs, ribs, gear teeth and other like features
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COMPONENTS THAT MAKE UP A DETAIL DRAWING
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1) Necessary multiviews
2) Dimensional information 3) Identify part & part number 4) Part material 5) Engineering changes (revision block) 6) Drafter/checker names 7) Assembly the part fits & quantity required 8) General notes with manufacturing information |
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COMPONENTS THAT MAKE UP AN ASSEMBLY DRAWING
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1) Arrangement of parts
2) Sections required to show internal features 3) Enlarged views to show detail 4) Parts list / bill of materials 5) Reference item numbers keyed to BOM 6) Manufacturing processed required during assembly |
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VISIBLE/OBJECT LINES
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-Thick line (0.6mm)
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HIDDEN LINES
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-Thin line (0.3mm)
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SECTION LINES
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-Pattern of thin (0.3mm) straight, equally spaced parallel lines (hatching)
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SYMMETRY LINE
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-Thick line (0.6mm)
-Geometrically the same as a centerline with teh addition of two short thick parallel lines at each end of the line |
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EXTENSION LINE
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-Thin line (0.3mm)
-Spaced 1.5mm away from the feature being dimensioned -3mm past the arrowhead of the dimension |
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LEADER LINES
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Thin inclined lines ending in an arrowhead (for dimensions)
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CUTTING PLANE LINE
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-Thick
-Series of evenly spaced dashes, OR alternate long dashes and pairs of short dashes, OR dashes left out -The letters I, O, Q, S, X, and Z are not used |
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VIEWING PLANE LINE
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-Thick
-Used to indicate the viewing position for removed views -Same lines and letters as cutting plane line |
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LONG BREAK LINE
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-Thin lines joined by zigzags (like occasional PVCs)
-Used when complete views are not required |
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SHORT BREAK LINE
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-Thick freehand line
-Used when complete view are not required |
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PHANTOM LINE
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-Thin line comprised of alternate long dashes and pairs of short dashes
-Used to show alternate position of moving parts, repeated details, adjacent positions of related parts and filleted or rounded corners |
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CHAIN LINE
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-Thick line consisting of alternate long and short dashes
-Used to indicate a surface to receive additional treatment or a projected tolerance zone identified through the use of GDT |
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BORE
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To enlarge a hole to a more accurate size
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BLIND HOLE
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A hole that does nto go all the way through the part
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COUNTERBORE
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The enlargement of the end of a hole to a specified diameter and depth
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COUNTERDRILL
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To form a conical shoulder in a drilled hole by enlarging it with a larger drill
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COUNTERSINK
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To recess a hole with a cone-shaped tool to provide a seat for a flat head screw
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REAM
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To enlarge a hole to a more accurate size and surface finish
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FORM
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Profile of a thread, such as simplified, detailed or schematic. Simplified form is industry preferred and quickest to execute.
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CREST
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The outside point of a thread
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ROOT
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The inside meeting point of a thread
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PITCH
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The distance between thread points
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LEAD
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One complete revolution of a thread
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KEY
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Piece of metal placed so that part of it lies in a groove cut in a shaft, but fitting into a groove cut into a mating hub; creates restrictive movement between mating parts
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RIVET
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Used as a permanent fastener, generally between pieces of sheet or rolled metal
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RETAINING RING
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Designed to prevent axial movement of a shaft in a hub; generally a ring is placed around shaft to restrict movement within the mating part (hub)
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What are finishing marks left off of?
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Rolled stock, plate, sheet, or other raw materials not machined in the manufacturing process
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What does a finish mark look like?
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Checkmark or a variation of a checkmark
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TAP
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A tool used to cut internal threads
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What is a pictoral drawing?
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Axonometric, oblique, and perspective drawings
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What types of lines are generally left off of pictural drawings?
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Hidden lines
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ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
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3 equal axis & 3 equal planes; true isometric is revolved at 45° and tipped up or down at 35°16'
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DIAMETRIC PROJECTION
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2 equal axis and 2 equal planes
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TRIMETRIC PROJECTION
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No equal axis or planes
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ISOMETRIC DRAWING
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-All angles of the isometric axis are equal
-All measurements are taken from the isometric axis full scale -Common drawn axis is 30°horizontally |
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OBLIQUE DRAWING
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The object is placed with its principal face parallel to the plane of projection
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GENERAL OBLIQUE DRAWING
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Depth dimension at any scale
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CAVALIER OBLIQUE DRAWING
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Depth dimension full scale
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CABINET OBLIQUE DRAWING
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Depth dimension half scale
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PERSPECTIVE DRAWING
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Most photorealistic of the pictorial drawings; horizontal line, station point, ground line and vanishing points
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FUNCTION OF AN AUXILIARY VIEW
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-To show true size & shape of a surface that is not parallel to any of the 6 principal views
-To show irregularly shaped features that are not adequately shown in the principle views -To find the true length of a line -To find a piont view of a line -To find the true size of a plane -To find the edge view of a plane -Circular features on incline surface will appear as an ellipse in principle view |
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DEPTH AUXILIARY VIEW
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Auxiliary view taken from the front view
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HEIGHT AUXILIARY VIEW
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Auxiliary view taken from the top view
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WIDTH AUXILIARY VIEW
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Auxiliary view taken from the side view
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REFERENCE LINE/PLANE OR FOLD LINE
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Must be constructed parallel to teh edge view of a surface to get the true size and shape of the surface
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SECONDARY AUXILIARY VIEW
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Required to find the true size & shape of the feature when a feature of an object is in an oblique position in relationship to the principal planes of projection
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THREE COMPONENTS OF CAD
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Hardware, software, user
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What type of software better captures design intent as campared to a 2-D software package?
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Parametric design software
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BYTES VS. MEGABYTES
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KB = 1024 bytes = 1x10(3)
MG = 1024 KB = 1x10(6) GB = 1024 MG = 1x10(9) |
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ACRFLT
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Across flats
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ANSI
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Americal National Standards Institute
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ANLR
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Angular
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APPROX
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Approximate
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ASME
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American Society of Mechanical Engineers
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ASSY
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Assembly
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BSC
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Basic
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B/M
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Bill of Materials
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BC
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Bolt circle
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BR
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Brass
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BUSH
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Bushing
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CS
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Carbon steel
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CSTG
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Casting
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CHAM
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Chamfer
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CIR
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Circularity
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CRS
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Cold-rolled steel
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CONC
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Concentric
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CBORE
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Counterbore
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CDRILL
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Counterdrill
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CSK
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Countersink
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DEG
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Degree or angle
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DP
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Depth
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DIA
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Diameter
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DIM
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Dimension
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DWG
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Drawing
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EQL SP
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Equal spaces
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FIG
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Figure
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FAO
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Finish all over
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FL
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Flat
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GA
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Gage
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GI
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Gray iron
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HD
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Head
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HT TR
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Heat treat
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HVY
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Heavy
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HEX
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Hexagon
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HYDR
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Hydraulic
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ID
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Inside diameter
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ISO
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International Organization for Standardization
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LH
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Left hand
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LG
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Length
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L
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Liter
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MST
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Machine steel
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MI
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Malleable iron
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MATL
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Material
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M
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Metric thread
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MIN
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minimum
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MDL
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Module
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NOM
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Nominal
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NO
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Number
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OC
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On center
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OD
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Outside diameter
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PAR
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Parallel
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PERP
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Perpendicular
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P
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pitch
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PC
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pitch circle
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PD
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Pitch diameter
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PL
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Plate
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R
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Radius
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REF or ()
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Reference or reference diameter
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rev/min
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Revolutions per minute
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RH
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Right hand
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"
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Second (arc)
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'
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Minute (arc)
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SEC
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Second (time)
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SECT
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Section
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SLOT
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Slotted
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SOCK
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Socket
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SPHER
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Spherical
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S∅
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Spherical diameter
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SR
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Spherical radius
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SFACE
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Spotface
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SQ
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Square
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STL
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Steel
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STR
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Straight
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SYM
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Symmetrical
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NPT
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Taper pipe thread
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THRU
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Through
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TOL
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Tolerance
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W
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Watt
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WI
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Wrought iron
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WS
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Wrought steel
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WELD SYMBOLS
Triangle above line |
Weld info for other side
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WELD SYMBOLS
Triangle under line |
Weld info for arrow side
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WELD SYMBOLS
Triangles above & under line |
Weld both sides
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WELD SYMBOLS
1/4 X 1/2 |
.25 high x .5 wide
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WELD SYMBOLS
Dimension between two vertical lines |
Square groove weld (vertical groove between two objects)
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WELD SYMBOLS
Angle listed inside V-shape |
V-groove weld (angled groove from both sides)
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WELD SYMBOLS
Angle listed inside uneven V-shape |
Bevel groove (one edge is vertical, the other at an angle)
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WELD SYMBOLS
U-shaped (semi-circle) shape |
U-groove weld (semi-circle)
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WELD SYMBOLS
Half a u-shape (vertical line attached to a 1/4 circle) |
J-groove weld (1/4 circle removed) - arrow points to the piece that receives the edge treatment
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WELD SYMBOLS
Rectangle box |
Plug or slot weld (two vertical lines where circle actually is)
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WELD SYMBOLS
Circle on line |
Spot weld (grooved on both upper & lower side)
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WELD SYMBOLS
Circle with two horzontal lines, on the line |
Seam weld (grooved on both upper & lower sides, but has several in a line)
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SEAM WELDING
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Like spot welding excpet that the spots overlap each other, making a continuous weld seam. In this process, the metal pieces pass between roller electrodes. As the electrodes revolve, the current is automatically turned off and on at the speed at which the parts are set to move.
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Who regulates welding symbols?
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Americal Welding Society
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SPOT WELD
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Most commonly used type of resistance welding. The material to be joined is placed between 2 electrodes & pressure is applied. A charge of electricity is then sent from one electrode through the material to the other electrode. Spot welding is especially useful in fabricating sheet metal parts.
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PLUG OR SLOT WELD
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Used to join overlapping members, one of which has holes (round for plug welds, elongated for slot welds) in it. Weld metal is deposited in the holes & penetrates & fuses with the base metal of teh two memebers to form the joint.
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U-GROOVE WELD
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The edges of both pieces are given a concave treatment.
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J-GROOVE WELD
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The edge of one of the pieces is given a concave treatment & the other is left square. As with the bevel groove weld, the perpendicular line is always drawn on the left side and the arrow poinots to the piece that receives the treatment.
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BEVEL GROOVE
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The edge of one of the pieces is chamfered & the other is left square. The bevel symbol's perpendicular line is always drawn on the left side, regardless of the orientation of the weld itself.
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V-GROOVE WELD
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The edges of both pieces are chamfered, either singly or doubly, to create the groove. The angle of the V is given on the weld symbol.
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SQUARE GROOVE WELD
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The groove is created by either a tight fit or a slight separation of the part edges. The amount of separation, if any, is given in the weld symbol.
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GROOVE WELDS
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Used to make edge-to-edge joints, although it is also often used in corner joints, T joints, & joints between curved and flat pieces. There are many ways to make a groove weld, the differences depending primarily on the geometry of the parts to be joined & the preparation of their edges.
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FILLET WELDS
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Used to make lap joints, corner joints, & T joints. The fillet weld is roughly triangular in cross-secion, although its shape is not always a right triangle or an isosceles triangle.
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WELD SYMBOLS
Circle on angle of leader line |
Weld all around
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