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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do you define sleep?
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Reduced motor activity
Decreased response to sensory stimulation Stereotypic postures (lying down with eyes closed) Easy reversibility (not coma, anesthesia, hibernation, death) |
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The brain has three general states of awake-sleep - what are they and what characterizes each?
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Awake, Non-REM, REM
Awake = high frequency, low amplitude EEG; tonic muscle contractions Non-REM = "idling brain in a movable body" - reduced muscular activity, eyes move, parasympathetic activity REM = "hallucinating brain in a paralyzed body" - vivid dreams, paralysis, illogical thought, body temp drops, sympathetic activity, highest brain metabolic rate, erections |
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How do EEG patterns change from awake → non-REM → REM sleep?
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Awake = high frequency, low amplitude
Sleep spindles (15Hz) in earliest stages of sleep Delta waves <4 Hz in non-REM REM sleep EEGs look like an awake brain |
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What do sleep epochs look like throughout the night?
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~90 minute periods, later epochs have more REM sleep
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What effect do Serotonin and Tryptophan have on sleep?
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Promote sleep
Raphe nuerons become inactive during REM |
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What effect do noradrenergic cells of the locus coeruleus have?
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Promote arousal
Are inactive during REM |
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What effect do cholinergic drugs have?
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Promote REM
Maximally active during waking and REM |
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What is the definition of narcolepsy?
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Intrusion of REM-like phenomena into waking state, characterized by persistent daytime sleepiness and irresistible sleep attacks during the day
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What is the definition of cataplexy?
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sleep paralysis - abrupt loss of muscle tone, consciousness maintained, triggered by emotional excitement (laughter/surprise, not usually stress/fear)
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Defects in hypocretin/orexin receptors or neurons have what effect?
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Cause narcolepsy
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Where is the "master clock" of the circadian rhythm housed?
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suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus
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