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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Breast enlargement during pregnancy caused by?
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progesterone
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What does the pituitary secrete at the time of delivery?
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Prolactin
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The secretion of prolactin at birth causes what?
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production of milk
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What causes milk ducts to contract and force milk to nipples?
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oxytocin
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What is the "let-down reflex"
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when breast tissue produces more milk when infant is suckling
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How long does full milk production take?
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72 hours of breast feeding
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What is Colostrum?
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thin yellow fluid preceding milk production
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What is contained in Colostrum?
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vitamins, minerals, glucose, and antibodies.
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Lactating mothers need high intake of?
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fluids, calcium, protein
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Post-partum thrombophlebitis is common and mothers may take _________ or __________ for this problem even if nursing.
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Coumadin and heparin
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What is galatorrhea?
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Milk production in non breast feeding men & women
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What causes galactorrhea?
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excess prolactin secretion from pituitary
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Galactorrhea may also result in _________ & __________ in both men and women.
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amenororrhea and decreased libido
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What are some of the causes of galactorrhea?
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tranq's, over exercise, stress, pregnancy, pituitary tumors, hypothyroidism, MS, renal failure
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Drugs that suppress body levels of dopamine are the most common cause of ____
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prolactin hyper-secretion
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What effect does Dopamine have on prolactin secretion?
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represses
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What are the 5 D's in nipple exam?
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Discharge, Depression, Discoloration, Dermatologic changes, Deviation
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Under 40 how often should woman's breast be examined? Over 40?
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Under 1- years Over: every year
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When should a woman start getting mammography?
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yearly at 40
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Self breast exam should be done at what point during a woman's cycle?
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3-7 days after period
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Self breast exam should be done supine w/fingers of the opposite hand? T/F
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T
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Multiple painful an tender lumps in both breasts is indicative of?
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Fibrocystic disease
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Fibrocystic disease most monnon in ages?
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30-50
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What hormone is causative in Fibrocystic disease?
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Estrogenic
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In fibrocystic disease the fluid filled lesions are treated how?
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aspirated by a MD
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If aspriated fluid from a fibrocystic lesion is bloody what should she do?
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get a biopsy
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Does caffeine help or exacerbate fibrocystic disease?
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exacerbate
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What are the signs of Fibroadenoma?
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Mass is movable not fixed to surrounding tissue, firm rubbery solitary masses usually in the 20's or 30's.
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Do fibroadenomas need to be removed?
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no, not unless patient wants. Multiples are found in 15% of patients who have them
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intraductile papillomas may masquerade as?
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cancer..should be removed b/c they can degenerate into cancer
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What are the 3 types of breast biopsies?
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1- Fine needle aspiration 2- Core needle aspiration (most accurate for pathologist to read) 3- Radiographic-directed excisional biopsy (actual operation)
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What % of suspicious breast lumps are cancerous?
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40%
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What % of biopsies are false negative biopsies?
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10%
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1 in ___ women will develop breast cancer.
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8 in some places 7
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Mammography misses _____% of cancers?
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10%
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DCIS has 5 year survival rate of ______?
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99%
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When cancer is localized to breast overall cure rate is?
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75-90%
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When axillary lymph nodes are involved in breast cancer, 5 year survival drops to ______ 10 year ______?
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45% & 25%
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With distant metastasis 5 year survival? 10 year?
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5-10% and 2%
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BRCA1 gene mutation on chromosome 17 predicts a ____% of breast cancer?
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85%
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