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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Brain abnormalities
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Increased size of ventricles and sulci in the brain.
Decreased hemispherical symmetry. Decreased activation of the amygdala, hippocampus, and frontal lobe. |
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Neurotransmitter differences
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Dopamine hypothesis: excess dopamine signaling, likely through dopamine receptors.
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Genetic findings
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Highly genetic
As genetic similarity increases, so does the risk of getting schizophrenia. |
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Diathesis-stress models
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Mental disorders are a joint product of a genetic vulnerability (diathesis), and stressors that trigger this vulnerability.
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Catatonic symptoms
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motor problems
resistance to understand a simple suggestion, holding a position for a long time, curling up in fetal posistion |
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Disorganized Speech
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language jumps from topic to topic
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Hallucinations
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Sensory perception that happen in the absence of an external stimulus
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Delusions
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Strongly held, fixed beliefs that have no basis in reality
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Schizophrenia
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Disturbance in thinking, language, emotion, and relationships
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Sociocognitive model
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The belief that psychotherapy will shape the disorder
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Posttraumatic model
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DID arises from a history of childhood abuse
Up to 90% of patients were abused |
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Dissociative Identity Disorder
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The presence of two or more distinct identities that recurrently take control of the person's behavior
(multiple personalities) |
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Dissociatve disorders
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Disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception
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Dissociative fugue
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Unexpected travel away from home
Usually accompanied by amnesia |
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Dissociative amnesia
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not able to recall important personal information
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Antisocial Personality Disorder
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Lengthy criminal record or irresponsibility
Usually found in prisons and jails |
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Psychopathic Personality
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Marked by distinctive sets of personality traits, including charm and manipulation.
(Cowboy Casanova) |
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Sociobiological Model
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tendency to overreact to stress and cannot control their emotions
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Borderline personality disorder
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Extreme instability in mood, identity and impulse control.
Many engage in drug abuse, sexual activity, overeating, and cutting |
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Narcissistic
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Believes they are the center of the universe. They are the most important thing in everyone's life
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Histrionic
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Someone who craves attention
Symptoms: over emotional, dramatic, shallow, seductive and suggestible |
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Personality Disorder
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inflexible, stable, and expressed in wide variety of situations and lead to distress or impairment
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Dysthymia
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Slightly depressed but not majorly for at least two years
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Schizoid
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Pattern of isolation of social relationships
Symptoms: few expressions of emotion |
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Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
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Always, worrying, anxiety, physical tension and irritability
Spend 60% of the day worrying Often experience other disorders |
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)
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Diagnostic system that narrows down your mental disorder
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Anxiety Disorders
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Among the most prevalent of all mental disorders
Most everyday anxieties generally don't last long or feel especially uncomfortable |
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Learned Helplessness
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tendency to feel helpless in events we cant control
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Major Depressive Disorder
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major depression that last for at least 2 weeks
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Compulsion
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repetitive behavior to reduce anxiety
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Obsessions
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continual ideas, thoughts, or impulses that you tend to think of things that you personally don't want
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OCD
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marked by repeated and lengthy (>1 hr/day) immersions in obsessions, compulsions, or both
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PTSD
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Emotional disturbance after experiencing or witnessing a severely stressful event
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Social Phobia
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Fear of public appearances that could cause embarrassment
(Stage Fright) |
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Agoraphobia
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Fear of being trapped to which escaping is difficult or embarrassing
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Phobias
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Intense fear of an object or situation that is blown out of proportion
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Panic Disorder
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Repeated and unexpected panic attacks along with change in behavior to avoid them
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Paranoid
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Fear of everyone and everything is out to get you
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Manic Episode
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Experiences with dramatically elevated mood, decreased need for sleep, increased energy, inflated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, and irresponsible behavior
Being extremely happy (You feel invincible) |
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Prevalence
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Percentage of people within a population who have a specific mental disorder
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Comorbidity
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Hard to decide which one you have if they all go together
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Societal Disapproval
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Rejection of people
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Common misconceptions
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Psychiatric diagnosis...
Nothing more than pigeon holding and Seperating realize that people differ Unreliable interrater reliability is high Invalid diagnoses tell us something new about ppl Stigmatize people labeling diagnoses to people will help others perception of the mentally ill |
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Biological Dysfunction
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not being able to fully function
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Family resemblance view
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mental disorder that doesn't all have one thing in common, they share a loose set of features
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Learning models
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fears arise from learned association
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Catastrophizing and Anxiety Sensitivity
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the negative misinterpretation of minor physical symptoms
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Genetic and Biological influences
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twin studies that many anxiety disorders are genetically influenced
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Cognitive model
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depression caused by negative views of self, the future, and the world
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Rumination
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focusing on how bad we feel
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Role of Biology
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genes exert a moderate influence on the risk of developing major depression
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Cyclothymia
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things go great and then turn bad.
Starts to become a cycle |
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DSM-IV mood disorders
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manic episode, bipolar disorder, dysthymic disorder, hypomanic episode, cylcothymia, postpartum disorder, seasonal affective disorder
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Bipolar disorder
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Where you bounce back and fourth from manic state (happiness) to depression.
Very heritable (approx 85%) Increased risk of suicide |
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Subjective Distress
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experience that causes a disturbance that is stressful
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Statistical rarity
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uncommon; appears to be normal but really isn't
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Specific Phobia
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intense fear of objects, place, or situations
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Two crucial functions of Psychiatric Diagnoses
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1st: Helps us pinpoint the problem experienced
2nd: Help mental help professionals communicate |
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DSM-IV Criticisms
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Not everything is based on scientific data
Some disorders are based on committee decisions High level of comorbidity among diagnoses |
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Axes
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Dimensions of functioning
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Biopsychosocial Approach
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Acknowledges the interplay between biological, psychological and social influences
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OCPD
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Perfectionist, Orderliness, and mental and interpersonal control
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Interpretation of Life Events
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Ex: Prof cancels class;
Depressed Person: UGH!! Can't get notes and coming was a waste of time Happy Person: YAY!!! Class is cancled! |
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Impairment
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To weaken
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Schizoztypal
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You believe people can read your mind
Disordered speech, thought and mystical ideas |
