Dr. Reese La Infectious Swine

Front 1

what is the etiology of Mycoplasma?

Back 1

M. hyorhinis (3-10wk) – polyserositis (abdomen, jts, thorax, heart)
M. hyosynoviae (2-5m) – arthritis
M. hyopneumoniae (6wks & older)

Front 2

How is Mycoplasma transmitted?

Back 2

Aerosol droplets
Slow rate of spread
Resists mucociliary defense system
Penetrates mucus blanket and attaches to epithelial cells
10-14d incubation period

Front 3

What are the clinical signs of M. hyorhinis

Back 3

Gradual onset, labored breathing
Lameness, abdominal tenderness
Morbidity and mortality low

Front 4

What are the clincal signs of M. hyosynoviae

Back 4

 Sudden onset, shifting lameness
Very little swelling of joints
Arched back, feet under body
Recovery may occur in several day

Front 5

What are the clincal signs of M. hyopneumoniae

Back 5

Onset gradual, rough coat
Weight loss, decreased feed consumption
Chronic nonproductive cough
Low mortality

Front 6

What lesions are associated with mycoplasma?

Back 6

Lung consolidation (apical and cardiac portions) – plum to gray colored areas of consolidation
Polyserositis – can invade any serous cavity such as peritoneum, thorax, joints, scrotum
arthritis, synovitis

Front 7

What disease must you differentiate from mycoplasma?

Back 7

Differntiate from Glasser’s disease – Hemophilus parasuis (not such a gradual onset)

Front 8

How is mycoplasma diagnosed?

Back 8

ELISA, FA, Culture

Front 9

What are the treatments for mycoplasma

Back 9

Lincomycin (TOC for M.hyosynoviae, 5mg/lb)
May see some recovery w/in 2d of tx
Tiamulin
Tylosin (Denegard)
Tetracyclines
Arthritic form is the one that responds most favorably to tx

Front 10

What are the management practices for mycoplasma?

Back 10

Depopulation – especially the chronic pneumonic form
All in – all out
Maintain closed herd and buy pigs from reputable sources
Avoid stress to herd
Monitor ammonia levels from pits  flush pits, ammonia can damage the mucociliary mechanism and lead to infection with pneumonic form
Vaccine with booster (2wks after first vaccine given) – reduces number of lung lesions seen

Front 11

What is the etiology of Haemophilus?

Back 11

o H. parahemolyticus (A. Plueropneumonia / APP)
 Gram – coccobacillus, 12 different serotypes
 Main serotypes are 1, 3, 5 & 7; #1 is the most virulent
 Subacute, Acute, or Chronic forms
 Cross-reaction between the serotypes doesn’t occur
 50% mortality rate
o H. parasuis

Front 12

How is haemophilus transmitted?

Back 12

aerosol droplets

Front 13

What are the CS of H. pleuropneumonia?

Back 13

 Bloody froth from nose & mouth
 Cyanosis, cough, respiratory signs
 Fever, death

Front 14

What are the CS of H. parasuis

Back 14

 Fever, sudden onset
 CNS signs, swollen joints
 Lameness, respiratory signs
 Polyserositis, pleuritis, death

Front 15

What lesions are associated with heamophilus?

Back 15

o Hemorrhages of lung (pleuropneumonia)
o Polyserositis (parasuis)

Front 16

How do you diagnose heamophilus?

Back 16

o CF test
o ELISA test
o PCR test – can differentiate A.suis

Front 17

What is the treatment for heamophilus?

Back 17

o Penicillin
o Tetracyclines
o Chloramphenicol
o Tiamulin

Front 18

What are the vax use to prevent heamophilus?

Back 18

o ParaShield
o PleuroGuard

Front 19

What are the managment problems to prevent heamophilus

Back 19

o All in – all out
o Space – need 4sq.ft. per pig to reduce overcrowing
o Ventilation – 2-3 complere air changes
o Size variations – smallest pigs shouldn’t be <90lbs

Front 20

What is another name for Pseudorabies in other animals ?

Back 20

Mad Itch

Front 21

What is the etiology of pseudorabies?

Back 21

herpes, aggravated precence of A. heamophilus

Front 22

How is pseudorabies transmited?

Back 22

o Aerosol
o Carrier animal – saliva

Front 23

What is the pathogenesis of pseudorabies?

Back 23

o Virus replicates in the tonsils & nasopharynx
o Spreads to the LN & travels up the axoplasms of the nerves
 Mainly in the Olfactory nerve
o Spreads further to axoplasms of spinal nerve & spinal cord

Front 24

What are the clinical signs of pseudorabies?

Back 24

o CNS (salivation, arched back), incoordination, spasms
o Anorexia, scours, fever
o Respiratory involvement
 Seen in sows and gilts
 Will have a cough and fever
o Abortions (50% of sows), mummification in sows and gilts
o Asymptomatic carrier
o Death = 40-60% mortality in young pigs
o Dead dog on premises (virus is very fatal to dogs)

Front 25

What are the lesions of pseudorabies?

Back 25

o Congestion and hemorrhages of lymph nodes
 Necrosis of the tonsils
o Rhinitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis
o Pulmonary edema
o Congestion in meninges (meningitis)
o Intranuclear inclusion bodies
o Necrosis of placenta

Front 26

How do you diagnose Pseudorabies?

Back 26

SN Test
Latex agglutination test

Front 27

What methods are used to control the spread of pseudorabies?

Back 27

Quarantine, test, and slaughter

Front 28

What is the vax program used for pseudorabies?

Back 28

 Does NOT prevent infection
 Must get permission to vaccinate animals
 MLV vaccine
 TK-deleted gene vaccine (new)
 TK = Thiamine kinase
 Reduces the amount of shedding of the organism
 Decreases the severity of an outbreak

Front 29

Do they have a state and federal eradication program?

Back 29

yes

Front 30

What is the etiology of PRRS?

Back 30

Arterivirus=RNA virus
known as "blue eye dz" and "cyclic bouts"

Front 31

What PRRS confused with?

Back 31

"blue eye disease- paramyxovirus?

Front 32

How is PRRS transmitted?

Back 32

Breeding- direct
boars shed in semen
cross plancenta
medical vecters

Front 33

What is the CS of PRRS?

Back 33

o “Stall out” in nursery
o Premature farrowing, low conception
o Late term abortions
o Stillborn weak pig, mummified fetuses
o Increased pre-weaning mortality
o Diffuse interstitial pneumonia (cough)
o Lymphadenopathy

Front 34

How do you diagnose PRRS?

Back 34

o PCR – detect viral protein
o ELISA – detect antibody
o A combo of PCR & ELISA is best, but these are time-consuming to perform

Front 35

What lesions are associated with PRRS?

Back 35

o Diffuse interstitial pneumonia or secondary bronchial pneumonia
o Lymphadenopathy – generalized
o Myocardial lesions
o Mild encephalitis
o Sows – endometritis, myometritis, placental lesion
o Umbilical cord arteritis, hemorrhage

Front 36

What is the treatment associated with PRRS?

Back 36

o All in, all out
o Clean and disinfect
o Separation of old/young pig
o Broad spectrum antibiotics
o Aspirin/banamine

Front 37

What methods are used for herd PRRS elimination?

Back 37

o Whole herd depopulation – repopulate in few weeks
o T&R – test & removal – limitations
o Herd closure – (alternative) no entry of replacement (4-8m) remove carriers thru normal attrition, isolation of infection within herd. Preserve genetics, save labor, extend breed period, parity distributing
o Partial depopulation, endemically infected areas – wean/breeding herd

Front 38

What are the vax used to prevent PRRS?

Back 38

o MLV – more efficacious
o Killed – safe
o Stop clinical symptoms not infection
o Sows/gilts – 3-4wks prefarrow  pigs 3wks plus
o MLV not approved for pregnant sows/gilts – PPRS negative herd