Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is an oncogene
|
a mutated gene that causes a malignant transformation
|
|
|
what is a proto-oncogene?
|
It is the normal non mutated cellular gene that gave rise to the mutated oncogene
|
|
|
What is the difference b/w and oncogene and the protooncogene?
|
the oncogene is dysregulated so it escaped the cells stopping mechanism and found a way to always be turned on
|
|
|
What genes make good oncogenes?
|
transcriptions factors are very potents because they control many genes
REgulatory mutations like something the affects the function of a structural gene Translocation- gene is moved so it fall under a new promotor |
|
|
can a virus cause cancer by taking the oncogene and expressing it?
|
yes beotch
|
|
|
what virus causes cancer?
|
HPV or the cervic, hepatitis C epstein-barr and lymphoma
|
|
|
are most cancers a cause of spontaneous mutations?
|
yes
|
|
|
what are some proto-oncogenes?
|
growth factor and receptors like her2 in breast cancers
signal transduction intermediates Ras family Transcription factors myc family cell cycle regulator genes p53 |
|
|
what translocation mutation can be diagnosed ?
|
berkitts lymphoma
|
|
|
WHat are the two oncogene mechanisms?
|
Loss of normal negative regulation (tumor suppressor genes and active transformations
|
|
|
What causes most cancers?
|
A series of progressive mutation which result in the eventual loss of the regulatory control
|
|
|
What is the main way control is lost?
|
tumor cells DNA begins to have mutation and lots of them with makes them lose the control mechanism and spiral out of control
|
|
|
What does the mutation that occur in cancer cell offer them
|
genetically different from each other and some are able to evolve and have drug resistance
|
|
|
What is the concept of multi-step carcinogenesis?
|
you have loss of proliferation control by either a loss of function or a regulation gene or a gain of function from a growth gene
you have an increase the the susceptibility to the mutation because of a loss of p53 and your aquired mutations leads to more growth and invasivness which leads to metastisis |
|
|
What is the knudsen two hit familial cancer syndrome hypothesis of cancer?
|
you receive one mutation in germ cells then you get and acquired mutation in somatic cell and loss of both leads to cancer
|
|
|
In order for a loss of the tumor suppressor gene can loss of one copy be enough?
|
no you need to lose both copies of the gene before cancer can move on
|
|
|
So in familial inherited cancers what effects the onset on cancer?
|
both genetic and enviromental factors so just because a family has the cancer doesnt mean everyone will get them
|
|
|
What are some cancer inherited requirements?
|
need to have a loss of tumor suppresor genes
the mutation is on one allele which makes you more susptible since a mutation will occur just a matter of time and if you only have one good copy and not 2 easier for mutation to occur |
|
|
What is the most mutated supressor gene
|
p53 but both copies need to mutate not one
|
|
|
what is the role of p53?
|
DNA repair and if it cant repair cell dies stops cell cycle from moving forward
|
|
|
Wha are some familial cancer syndromes
|
Retinoblastoma and familial breast cancer, and colon cancer
|
|
|
WHat is the susceptibility of the retinoblastoma?
|
very high autosomal dominant with high penetrance
|
|
|
How can you tell if you inherited the RB mutation
|
if both eyes affected and age of onset (earlier) and more likely to get other malignancies
|
|
|
Is breast cancer a simple cancer marker?
|
No because it is multifactorial and just b/c someone has the gene doesnt mean they will get it. but can tell in inherited if: early onset, bilateral disease and lots of relatives affected
|
