Dr. Mccollum Anatomy & Physiology Ii Exam

Front 1

What are the functions of blood

Back 1

Distribution, Regulation and Protection

Front 2

What is the pH of blood

Back 2

7.35-7.45

Front 3

What does Hematocrit mean?

Back 3

blood fraction

Front 4

What are the 2 parts of blood?

Back 4

Plasma (55%) and a complex of living cell called formed elements which make up the rest

Front 5

What are the 2 parts of blood?

Back 5

Plasma (55%) and a complex of living cell called formed elements which make up the rest

Front 6

What are the coomponents of blood plasma?

Back 6

8% protein-plasma volume
60% Albumin-maintain water presssure between blood and tissue
36%-Globulins-plasma proteins

Front 7

What do alpha and beta proteins do?

Back 7

transport proteins that bind to lipids, metal ions and fat soluble vitamins

Front 8

What are Gamma proteins?

Back 8

antibodies released by plasma cells during immune response

Front 9

What is the formation of Red blood cells called?

Back 9

Erythropoieses

Front 10

Where does Erythropoises occour?

Back 10

in the red bone marrow found in the axial skeleton and epiphysis of long bones

Front 11

Where does Hemoglobin accumulation begin? What does it do?

Back 11

At early erythroblast and the increast accumulation(34%) eventually forces organelles out the cell and degratation and pinching off of the nucleus

Front 12

What do reticulocytes represent and what is it an indicator of?

Back 12

1-2% of all erythrocytes and is an indicator of the rate of red blood cell formation.

Front 13

What is formation or RBC regulated by?

Back 13

Erythropoiten(EPO)- produced by the kidneys

Front 14

Erythropoiten causes what?

Back 14

Regulation of O2 transport and production of RBCs

Front 15

What lies in between the layer of plasma and erythrocytes?

Back 15

The buffy coat

Front 16

What is the buffy coat?

Back 16

1% of blood that contains leukocytes and platelets.

Front 17

What do Leukocytes aka WBCs do?

Back 17

Help with the body's defense and immune system (4,000-11,000 cells)

Front 18

What do Leukocytes aka WBCs do?

Back 18

Help with the body's defense and immune system (4,000-11,000 cells)

Front 19

What are Basophils?

Back 19

the rarest of the WBCs that represent 0.5 to 1% of the leukocytes in the bloodstream; contain histamine filled granules that act as a vasodilator and an attractant for other WBCs that bind to immoglubin E which releases histamine

Front 20

What are Granulocytes?

Back 20

Phagocytic cells with lobed nuclei which tend to be large and short lived and stain with Wright's stain.

Front 21

What are Eosinophils?

Back 21

important for the body's response to parasitic worms and reduce the severity of allergies. they contain a 2 lobe nuclei and granules that stain deep red with an acid dye

Front 22

What are Neutrophils?

Back 22

Themost numerous of the WBC (50-70%) they attack bacteria and fungi and stain a liliac color. They have 3-6 lobule nuclei and very fine granules that contain definsins and hyrdolytic enzymes

Front 23

What are Agranulocytes?

Back 23

WBCs which lack visible cytoplasmic granules. Contain spherical or kidney shaped nuclei.

Front 24

What are Lymphocytes?

Back 24

25% of the WBC population. contain a large nulcei which takes up most of its space; play a crucial role in immunity

Front 25

What are T-Lymphocytes?

Back 25

act directly against virus infected and tumor forming cells

Front 26

What are B-lymphocytes?

Back 26

give rise to plasma cells which produce antibodies that are released in the blood

Front 27

What are Monocytes?

Back 27

the body's active phagocytic cells and account for 3 to 8% of the WBCs help in defense against viruses, bacterial parasites, and chronic infections.

Front 28

Platelets are fragments of a larger cell called a..?

Back 28

Megakaryocyte

Front 29

How do platelets help the body?

Back 29

Blood Clotting

Front 30

Platelets have granules which contain one or a mixture of....?

Back 30

Serotonin,calcium ions, enzymes, ADP, and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)

Front 31

How long to platelets stay in the blood?

Back 31

10 days

Front 32

How are platelets kept inactive?

Back 32

NO2 and prostaglandin I2

Front 33

Platelet formation is regulated by?

Back 33

Thrombopoiten

Front 34

What is Anemia?

Back 34

a decrease in either RBC number or the ability to the RBC to retain O2

Front 35

What is a Hemorragic Anemia?

Back 35

low levels caused by blood loss

Front 36

What is Chronic Anemia

Back 36

slow continuous bleeding over time (bleeding ulcer)

Front 37

What is Acute Anemia?

Back 37

brief incident causing blood loss.

Front 38

What is a Hemolytic Anemia?

Back 38

erythrocytes rupturing or lysing prematurely- (holding in urine)

Front 39

What is an Aplastic anemia

Back 39

destruction or inhibitation or red marrow by certain bacterial toxins drugs or radiation

Front 40

What is the condition when your blood cells increase by moving to a high/low altitude?

Back 40

Polycythemia

Front 41

What is iron deficient anemia

Back 41

caused by inadequate intake of iron containing foods resulting in microcytes.

Front 42

What is Athletes anemia?

Back 42

occours after vigorous workout where the blood volume increase as much as 15%

Front 43

What is pernicious anemia?

Back 43

Vitamin B12 deficiency; large pale macrocytes are formed as a result

Front 44

What is Thalassemia?

Back 44

One of the hemoglobin chains are absent or faulty resulting in thin delicate erythrocytes.

Front 45

What is sickle cell anemia?

Back 45

a hereditary disorder that causes the abnormal formation of the beta hemoglobin causing the blood to take on a sickle like shape due to low O2 conditions

Front 46

What is blood doping?

Back 46

the practice of removing the blood for later infusion to provide a temporary state of polycythemia to increase performance

Front 47

What might Leukocytosis or high WBC inicate?

Back 47

viral or bacterial infection, metabolic disease, hemmhorage or poisoning

Front 48

What might Leukopenia or low WBC indicate?

Back 48

typhoid fever,measles, infectious hepatitis, or cirrhosis, tuberculosis, excessive antibodies or Xray therapy

Front 49

Polycythemia or High RBC may indicate..?

Back 49

bone marrow cancer, or the need to have more O2 carrying blood cells (high altitudes)

Front 50

What might low RBC or anemia indicate?

Back 50

Decrease in RBC number or the ability for the RBC to retain O2

Front 51

What is a highly contagious viral disease most often seen in children and young adults caused by the Epstein-Barr virus associated with a low grade fever, being tired, and a chronic sore throat?

Back 51

Infectious Mononucleosis

Front 52

A clot that forms in an umbroken blood vessel is called?

Back 52

Thrombus

Front 53

What is a thrombus that floats freely in the blood vessels called?

Back 53

Embolus

Front 54

When a Rh negative has a Rh positive child and becomes exposed to the mothers blood the mother will make antibodies targeting the next Rh positive child.

Back 54

Hemolytic Disease of the newborn