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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tiazac (diltiazem )
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1. Ca channel blocker
2.Mild to moderate hypertension and chronic stable anemia (2-4 weeks for full effect) 3. pulmonary edema due to heart failure, arrythmias and no pacemaker, allergy, low BP, pregnancy |
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Peyronie's Disease
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1. connective tissue disorder involving penis
2. fibrosing process in tunica albinugea (surrounds Cor. Cav.) 3.The disease may cause pain; hardened, cord-like lesions (scar tissue known as "plaques" 4. refer to urologist for treat |
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What is lithotrypsy?
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1. externally applied high intensity acoustic pulse to break up kidney or cystic stones.
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Causes of anemia?
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1. decreased red cell production
-hemopoeitic red cell production (infection, drugs, radiation etc) - deficiency of factors necessary for heme synthesis (iron) or DNA synthesis (B12 or Folate B9) 2. Red Blood Cell Loss - external blood loss - hemolytic anemia |
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Dilantin (phenytoin)
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1. used in the treatment of epilepsy
2. (1b antiarrythmic) 3. can also be used to treat trigeminal neuralgia) 4. nystagmus, cerebella ataxia, opthalmoparesis, megaloblastic anemia (folate) 5. pregnancy (known teratogen) |
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When measuring a drugs plasma concentration where should it be measured? What is the exception?
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1. measure at trough (after worn off)
2. measure anti-biotics at peak (and other narrow ranged drugs) |
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What is an erythamatous rash with a honey colour crust?
What causes it? When is it most common? |
1. Impetigo
2.staphlococcus aureus/steptococcus pyogens 3. 2-6 (football, rugby and wrestlers) |
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What is perianal lichen sclerosis?
What is hitologically representitive? When is it more common? |
1. Glistening white patches that may become erythamatous
2. hyperkeratosis, atrophic epidermis, sclerosis of dermis and lymphocyte activity in dermis. 3. Women/menopausal post 4. Pain/itching/narrowing of genitals |
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What is a locking knee a sign of?
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1. Free floating bodies osteophytes/cartilage
2. meniscus tear |
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What are Heberden's nodes?
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1. Osteophyte nodes seen on DIPs
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What are Bouchard's nodes?
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1. Osteophyte nodes seen on PIPs
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What is otitis externa?
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1. Infection of the outer ear (swimmers ear)
2. pus and inflammation of skin in outer ear |
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What is galactorrhea?
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1. Galactorrhea or galactorrhoea is the spontaneous flow of milk from the breast, unassociated with childbirth or nursing.
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If bumps in a car cause abdominal discomfort what is the likely diagnosis?
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peritonitis
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how can metformin be useful in fertility?
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Metformin can treat infertility in boarder line diabetics and over weight individuals.
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What are the CIN 1, 2 and 3 levels in cervical intraepithelial neoplasm?
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1. basal 1/3
2. basal 2/3 3. full thickness |
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What antibody are celiacs positive for?
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Anti-transglutiminase
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What is the chemical formula for formaldehyde?
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CH20
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What is actinic keratosis?
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1. pink or red macules or fleshy papules surrounded by adherent white or gray lamellar scale
2. sun induced |
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What is seborrhic karatosis?
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1. regose or cerebriform tan/dark brown verrucous plaques and nodules with a stuck on appearance
2. no malignant potential |
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What is keratosis pilaris?
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over growth of keratin blocking hair follicles, very common
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What is characteristic of basal cell carcinoma?
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1. transluscent/pearly papule iwth a depressed centre, rolled edge and telangiectasia
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What are 8 symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
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1. heat intolerance
2. hyperactivity 3. weight loss 4 chest pain/arrhthmias 5. increase in reflexes 6. palpatations 7. warm/moist skin 8. fine hair |
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What lab results are present in hyperthyroidism?
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1. lowered TSH
2. raised T3/T4 3 increased T3 uptake |
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What is Grave's disease?
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1. TSH stimulating anti bodies causing hyperthyroidism
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What are the characteristics of Grave's disease?
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1. pretibial myxedma
2. ophthalmopathy (proptosis, EOM swelling) 3. diffuse goiter stress induced catecholamine surge leading to death via arrhythmia |
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What are the signs of hypothyroidism?
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1. cold intolerance
2. hypoactivity 3. weight gain 4. course thick hair 5. fatigue 6. decreased apetite/constipation 7. dry cool skin 8. myxdema |
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What are the lab findings in hypothyroidism?
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1. increased TSH
2. decreased T3/T4 |
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What are the antibodies in hashimoto's thyroiditis and what do they cause?
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1. antimicrosomal, antithyroglbin antibodies
2. Hurthle cells and hypOthyroidism |
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What is palindromic rhematism?
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1. sudeen rapidly developing attacks of arthritis
2. acute pain, redness, swelling 3. no joint damage after attack 4. there are anti CCP antibodies and anti keratin antibodies |
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What is osteoarthritis?
What are some of the characteristics? |
1. wear and tear leads to destruction of articular cartilage
2. subchondral cysts, sclerosis 3. OSTEOPHYTES and eburnation 4. Heberdens/Bouchards nodes |
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What antibodies are present in Rheumatoid arthritis?
What happens to bone and cartilaage? |
1. anti cyclic citrulinated peptide
2. anti keratin antibodies 3. bone and cartilage erosion |
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What is felty's syndrome?
What is it associatated with? |
1. RA with splenomegaly and leukopenia
2. Inc. bacterial infections and lymphoproliferative diseases |
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What is the classical finding in rheumatoid arthritis?
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1. moring stiffness improved with use, systemic joint involvement, fever, fatigue, pleuritis, pericarditis
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What are the hematological abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis?
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1. thrombocytosis
2. lymphadenopathy 3. impaired iron utilisation 4. decrease in Epo production (peritubular endothelial capillary cells) |
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What does an elevated fontanelle indicate?
What about a depressed fontanelle? |
1. meningitis/hydrocephalus
2. dehydration/volume depletion |
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what is cleidocranial dystosis?
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a delayed or permanently open fontanelle
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What affect does Xenical have?
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1. it is a lipase inhibitor
2. decreases lipid absorption |
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what is meridia?
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it is an apetitie suppressant
may cause inc in BP |
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What is stadol?
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Butophanol opoid agonist given as a nasal spray
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What is Norvask?
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Ca channel blocker
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What is lyrica?
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gabapentin agonist used to treat neuropathic pain and post herpatic neuralgia
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What is micardis?
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ARB
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What is frovatriptan?
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migraine drug that constricts veins and arterioles via 5HT receptors
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In diagnosing a UTI what must be positive in urinalysis?
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1. keukocyte esterase
2. Nitrate |
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Acetametaphin is the same name for which drug?
WHen does it cause liver and kidney problems? What drug is given to counteract its affects? |
1. paracetamol
2. overdose (2.5 grams in one dose) or extended abuse 3. NAPQI (need glutathione) 4. Acetyl-Cysteine (converted to glutathione) |
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If there is a raised ICP, when is the headache usually felt?
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1. in the morning
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If there is plantar faciitis when is the pain usually felt?
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1. In the morning
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What muscle is primarily responsible for external rotation of the shoulder?
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1. infraspinatus (suprascapular nerve)
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What hormones are secreted by the ant. pituitary?
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1. LH
2. FSH 3. Prolactin 4. ACTH 5. GH 6. TSH |
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What are the different types of pituitary adenomas are there?
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1. corticotrophic tumors (ACTH)
2. Somatotrophic (GH) 3. Thyrotrophic (TSH) 4. Gondatrophic (LH/FSH) 5.Prolactinomas 6. Null Cell (do not secrete hormones) |
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After pituitary removal what is important?
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Replacement of lost hormones
1. Hydrocortisone, 2. Thyroxine 3. Testosterone 4. Growth Hormone if necc. |
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What are the sulfanylureas?
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1. Anti-diabetic drug that acts to increase the amount of insulin released from cells (secretagouge)
2. the "GLI"'s gliclazide etc. 3. |
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What is brachycephaly?
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flast head because coronal sutures fuse pre-maturely
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What is hypertelorism?
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1. increased distance between the eyes
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What is micrognathia?
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1. Undersized jaw (madibular hypoplasia)
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What is colpocephaly?
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Abnormal enlargement of occipital horns of the lateral ventricles, may be associated with corpus collosum agenisis
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What can be the result of lacrimal duct stenosis?
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1. cloudy discharge.
2. infections 3. may need surgery |
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What are the tests for diabetic neuropathy?
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1. asses circulation (foot pulses, capillary refill)
2. Vibration sense 3. sharp dull 4. monofilament test 5. also check for edema |
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What prevents the spread of prostate cancer?
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1. the fibrous capsule
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What is welbutrin?
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1. bupropione
2. noradrenaline/dopamine re-uptake inhibitor 3. nicotinic antagonist |
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What is cymbalta?
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1. Duloxetine
2. SSNRI |
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What is walking pneumonia?
What causes it? |
1. a relatively mild form of pneumonia
2. caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae |
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What is are the teeth called?
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1. central incisor
2. lateral incisor 3. first pre-molar 4. second pre-molar 5. 1st molar 6. 2nd molar 7. 3rd molar (wisdom tooth) |
