Dr. Harris

Front 1

Enzyme that adds "CCA" sequence to 3' end of tRNA

Back 1

nucleotidyl transferase

Front 2

The enzyme and -CH3 donor group used for methylation of specific tRNA residues

Back 2

methyltransferases and S-adenosylmethionine

Front 3

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

Back 3

DNA --> RNA --> Protein

Front 4

RNA transcript is ______ and _____ to the template

Back 4

complementary and antiparallel

Front 5

Two parts of RNA polymerase

Back 5

Holoenzyme consists of the core enzyme and the Sigma Factor

Front 6

Steps in RNA transcription (6 of them)

Back 6

1.) Polymerase binds to promoter
2.) Closed promoter complex
3.) Open promoter complex
4.) Initiation
5.) Elongation (sigma factor leaves)
6.) Termination

Front 7

Name the promoter sequences

Back 7

-35 region, Prinbow box, Initiation site

Front 8

"Consensus Sequences"

Back 8

similarities among promoter regions

Front 9

What happens at the Prinbow box?

Back 9

strands seperate

Front 10

what happens at initiation site for transcription?

Back 10

first nucleotide synthesized

Front 11

Removes kinks in DNA caused by unwinding

Back 11

Topoisomerases

Front 12

Actinomycin D

Back 12

Transcription blocking drug that binds to DNA, impeding the the movement of polymerase (less specific)

Front 13

Rifampicin

Back 13

Transcription blocking drug that binds to RNA polymerase (more specific)

Front 14

Strong Termination Signal

Back 14

- Inverted repeats
- A-T rich region
- Stem loop
- String of U's

Front 15

Weak Termination Signal

Back 15

- G-C rich region
- Rho Factor needed

Front 16

Rho Factor

Back 16

- Needed for weak termination of RNA transcription
- Unwinds the transcript from the template

Front 17

Endonuclease cleavages

Back 17

- cleavages within the RNA molecules

Front 18

3 Types of RNA

Back 18

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Front 19

Function is to carry amino acids to the ribosome for protein biosynthesis

Back 19

tRNA

Front 20

"Stem" of 3' tRNA molecule needed for a.a. attachment

Back 20

"CCA"

Front 21

Ribosome Structure (prokaryote)

Back 21

70s (50s and 30s)

Front 22

Ribosome Structure (eukaryote)

Back 22

80s (60s and 40s)

Front 23

A ribozyme that removes 5' extenstion from tRNA

Back 23

RNAse P (ribonuclease P)

Front 24

RNA Polymerase II

Back 24

synthesize mRNA (precursor)

Front 25

Heterogeneous Nuclear RNA

Back 25

another name for mRNA

Front 26

mRNA processing takes place in the _______?

Back 26

nucleus

Front 27

RNA Polymerase III

Back 27

synthesize tRNA

Front 28

______ is added to the 5' end of processed mRNA and ________ is added to the 3' end

Back 28

"m7G cap" and "poly A tail"

Front 29

mRNA cap is a _________ and is attached using a _______ link

Back 29

"7-methyl G residue" and "5' to 5'"

Front 30

Enzyme used to add cap to mRNA

Back 30

guanyltransferase (5' to 5' linkage)

Front 31

Protein coding segments

Back 31

Exons

Front 32

Non-protein coding segments

Back 32

Introns

Front 33

Lariat

Back 33

"Lasso" formed during Group II splicing

Front 34

Three types of RNA splicing

Back 34

Group I, Group II, and tRNA splicing

Front 35

Group I splicing involves the attack of a _______ while Group II splicing involves the attack of a ________

Back 35

"Guanosine" and "Adenosine"

Front 36

Type of splicing that uses Guanosine-OH

Back 36

Group I

Front 37

Type of splicing that uses Adenosine-2-OH

Back 37

Group II

Front 38

Complex that holds immature transcripts together until splicing is complete

Back 38

Splicesomes

Front 39

______ make up splicesomes

Back 39

SNRNPS (snurps)

Front 40

binds to 5' splice junction

Back 40

U1 SNRNP

Front 41

binds to branch site

Back 41

U2 SNRNP

Front 42

"Wobble Hypothesis"
- A reads for...
- G reads for...
- C reads for...
- U reads for...
- I reads for...

Back 42

- A reads for U only
- G reads for C or U
- C reads for G only
- U reads for G or A
- I reads for U, C, or A

Front 43

5 stages in "Protein Synthesis"

Back 43

- Activation of amino acids
- Initiation
- Elongation
- Termination
- Post-translational processing

Front 44

Enzyme that activates tRNA with an amino acid

Back 44

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Front 45

What happens in the two steps of tRNA activation with an amino acid?

Back 45

1.) activation of the amino acid
2.) Transfer the amino acid to tRNA

Front 46

Overall reation catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Back 46

amino acid + ATP + tRNA --> Aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + PPi

Front 47

Some aminoacyl synthetases add amino acids to the ___' -OH of CC"A" while others attach it to the ___' - OH, which is eventually the carbon that they must all end up on to be activated

Back 47

"2" and "3"

Front 48

mRNA is read ____' to ____'

Back 48

5' to 3'

Front 49

During protein synthesis, the protein is made from the ______ end to the ______ end (not 5' to 3')

Back 49

"amino" and "carboxyl"

Front 50

Initiation factor that assists IF-3

Back 50

IF-1

Front 51

Initiation factor that binds initiator tRNA and GTP

Back 51

IF-2

Front 52

Initiation factor that binds to the 30S subunit (promotes dissociation) and iads mRNA binding

Back 52

IF-3

Front 53

Is the initatiator tRNA

Back 53

fmet-tRNA (formulated methionine)

Front 54

enzyme and coenzyme used to formulate met-tRNA into fmet-tRNA

Back 54

transformylase (enzyme) and N10-formyl-THFA (coenzyme)

Front 55

Purine-rich region of mRNA that orientates ribosomal binding

Back 55

Shine-Delgarno Sequence

Front 56

The Shine-Delgarno Sequence binds with the ___' end of the ___S ribosome in ribosomal RNA

Back 56

3' of the 16S

Front 57

site on ribosome where initiator tRNA binds, followed by the peptidyl-tRNA

Back 57

"P"-site (peptidyl)

Front 58

site on ribosome where incoming amino-acyl tRNA bind

Back 58

"A"-site (aminoacyl)

Front 59

Elongation Factor that binds aminoacyl-tRNA to the A-site

Back 59

EF-Tu

Front 60

Elongation Factor recycles other Elongation Factor

Back 60

EF-Ts

Front 61

Elongation Factor that catalyzes the movement of the ribosome on the mRNA

Back 61

EF-G

Front 62

This enzyme hydrolyzes the peptidyl chain off the last tRNA at the STOP codon

Back 62

peptidyltransferase

Front 63

Regulatory protein that targets proteins for degradation

Back 63

Ubiquitin